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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Recidivism (4)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 98
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
"A Show That Proves The Worst Monsters Are Real": Media And Social Media Impact On Criminal Trials And Post-Conviction Guilt As Perceived By Criminal Justice Students., Jennifer Leigh Patterson
"A Show That Proves The Worst Monsters Are Real": Media And Social Media Impact On Criminal Trials And Post-Conviction Guilt As Perceived By Criminal Justice Students., Jennifer Leigh Patterson
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
This study, using survey data collected in 2022, investigates how consuming true crime media, from media such as podcasts, influences fear and anxiety among criminal justice students. In addition, the relationship between viewing criminal trials in real time and forming opinions different from the sentencing juries is assessed. Results suggest that there is no significant relationship between the consumption of true crime media and fear or anxiety. Moreover, viewing criminal trials in real time does not have a signficant effect on the formation of opinons that differ from criminal juries. Limitations, implications, and directions for future research are discussed.
Seeing The Signs: An Analysis Of Early Onset Of Violence And Desistance Amongst Serious Juvenile Offenders, Tailar Brown
Seeing The Signs: An Analysis Of Early Onset Of Violence And Desistance Amongst Serious Juvenile Offenders, Tailar Brown
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
There has been increasing literature on juvenile delinquency and the factors that influence deviant behavior among adolescents. However, there has been little exploration of the effects of early displays of violent behavior on desistance for those identified as serious juvenile offenders (SJOs). In order to create effective intervention programs and lower recidivism rates among this population, it is essential to comprehend the effects of early instances of violent behavior on SJOs' desistance. Using longitudinal data from the Pathways to Desistance Study, this project explored the connection between early displays of violent behavior (i.e., fights at school, violence against siblings, planning …
Crime Across The Ages: An Examination Of Intergenerational Crime And Recidivism Among Serious Juvenile Offenders, A'Maiya Brown
Crime Across The Ages: An Examination Of Intergenerational Crime And Recidivism Among Serious Juvenile Offenders, A'Maiya Brown
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
Although prior research has studied whether parents and their criminal histories impact a juvenile’s likelihood to commit crime, there has been little examination of whether the criminal histories of family members impact the likelihood of rearrest for juveniles who have already committed serious crimes. Using data from the Pathways to Desistance study (Pathways), this study examines the relationship between the criminal history of family members (i.e., mother, father, and other family members living within the home) and rearrest rates of participants. Results from negative binomial regressions reveal that the arrest records of the mother and father do have a significant …
Does Experiencing And Witnessing Violence Negatively Impact Delinquency Throughout The Life Course?, Treshure Dene Jones
Does Experiencing And Witnessing Violence Negatively Impact Delinquency Throughout The Life Course?, Treshure Dene Jones
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
At some point in an individual’s life, there will be some type of exposure to violence whether direct or indirect. Also described as victimization, this takes place when there is a change in three main assumptions: belief in personal invulnerability, the perception of the world as meaningful, and self-positivity (Janoff-Bulman and Frieze, 1983). There is no specific answer for the cause of delinquency, but many factors that work together (Shader, 2001). The risk factors for delinquency and victimization have been shown to be the same creating an overlap. This study focuses on whether witnessing or experiencing violence can result in …
An Examination Of Parental Temperament And Rearrest Among A Sample Of Serious Adolescent Offenders, Lina Maria Jackson
An Examination Of Parental Temperament And Rearrest Among A Sample Of Serious Adolescent Offenders, Lina Maria Jackson
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
The relationship of child to parent, is one that has continuously been regarded as an impactful and important one. Parents are often held responsible for the character of their child as well as being responsible for their actions. Whether or not the parental relationship plays a part in an adolescent's re-arrest is what this paper aims to find, specifically looking at parental temperament. In order to lower the rate of rearrests it is important to unpack the factors that contribute to recidivism and where it may begin. This paper examines an adolescent’s rate of rearrest and analyzes if parental temperament …
Urban Homicide In Global South: A Study On Homicide Changes Of Capital Dhaka Of Bangladesh, Syed Mahfujul Haque Marjan
Urban Homicide In Global South: A Study On Homicide Changes Of Capital Dhaka Of Bangladesh, Syed Mahfujul Haque Marjan
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
Homicides are part of life in Dhaka, the Capital of Bangladesh like megacities of the world. Different studies have shown that Dhaka has a higher trend of homicides. But the present study has found, Dhaka city has downward trends from 2017. The forecast analysis of the present study shows that a downward trend is expected until 2020. The study also found a correlation between poverty rate and homicide trends. Different studies showed that the gap between rich and poor is widening day by day in Bangladesh. The present study has found a correlation between these variables. The study also found …
An Examination Of School Characteristics, Shooter Characteristics, And Incidental Characteristics Of School Mass Shootings, Amber Elizabeth O'Dell
An Examination Of School Characteristics, Shooter Characteristics, And Incidental Characteristics Of School Mass Shootings, Amber Elizabeth O'Dell
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
School Mass Shootings (SMS) continue to be an ongoing issue for k-12 schools, technical/vocational schools, and on college campuses in the United States. Recent studies have shown that these crimes are increasing in both frequency and lethality. However, SMS are still considered to be statistically rare events making them difficult to study quantitatively. Many extant studies use an exclusive definition of SMS where an incident must have four or more deaths to be categorized as this type of crime. The present study utilizes an inclusive definition of 2 or more deaths, where every four injuries count as a death in …
Judicial Voting In U.S. District Courts Located In The Second And Fifth Circuits In First Amendment Retaliation Cases Involving Law Enforcement Officers, Selena Renee Aguirre
Judicial Voting In U.S. District Courts Located In The Second And Fifth Circuits In First Amendment Retaliation Cases Involving Law Enforcement Officers, Selena Renee Aguirre
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
This study examined the influence of party affiliation, as measured by the party of the appointing president; legal precedent; judicial circuit (Second or Fifth); race; gender; and prior prosecutorial experience on voting by U.S. District Court judges in First Amendment retaliation cases brought law enforcement officials against their employers. Applying binary logistic regression analyses to a data set comprised of 163 judicial votes with pro-plaintiff and pro-defendant voting serving as the dependent measure, the results indicated that only judges’ party affiliation had a significant effect on voting (Wald= 4.469, 1 df., p= .035) president. There was a .437 decrease in …
Forecasting Success: Using The Texas Risk Assessment System To Predict Early Discharge In A Large Sample Of High, Moderate, And Low Risk Offenders, Carley Rene Shelton
Forecasting Success: Using The Texas Risk Assessment System To Predict Early Discharge In A Large Sample Of High, Moderate, And Low Risk Offenders, Carley Rene Shelton
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
Little is known regarding predictive factors that contribute to adults successfully completing felony probation—particularly those who are granted early release. The current study attempts to fill this gap by analyzing data from a large, urban, community supervision and corrections department to examine what predictive factors—as identified by the Texas Risk Assessment System (TRAS) impact successful early release from adult felony probation. Results from multivariate logistic regression models revealed that the TRAS domains of criminal history and education/employment were significant predictors of early dismissal from felony community supervision as was the total TRAS risk score. Additionally, being male and black significantly …
Absent Father Timing, Criminal Behavior, And Arrest Across The Life Course, Krysta N. Knox
Absent Father Timing, Criminal Behavior, And Arrest Across The Life Course, Krysta N. Knox
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
Although prior research has examined the link between having an absent biological father and self-reported delinquency, few studies have assessed the influence of the timing of paternal absence (i.e., the child’s age when father leaves). Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), the present study examines the impact of the timing of biological father absence on delinquency and arrest across the life course. Results of negative binomial regression reveal that biological father absence before birth, early in childhood, (birth to age 5) and late adolescence (age 14 to 18) was significantly related to …
An Empirical Examination Of Courts Of Appeals Judges’ Voting In First Amendment Retaliation Cases Involving Police Officers, Mary Ann Boyd
An Empirical Examination Of Courts Of Appeals Judges’ Voting In First Amendment Retaliation Cases Involving Police Officers, Mary Ann Boyd
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
The impact of judicial ideology on voting in First Amendment decisions has been the subject of many empirical investigations in U.S. Courts of Appeals and District Courts. However, little attention has been devoted to studying how ideology impacts voting in First Amendment retaliation claims brought by law enforcement officers against their departments. This study is designed to fill this gap in the literature. Judges must consider and balance the right of public employees to exercise individual self-expression and autonomy while also safeguarding the rights of public institutions that provide necessary services to the public (Tsesis, 2015). Often the lines can …
Exposure To Violence Leads Youths Convicted Of Serious Offenses To Subsequent Criminal Offending As Adults, Nicolette Perez
Exposure To Violence Leads Youths Convicted Of Serious Offenses To Subsequent Criminal Offending As Adults, Nicolette Perez
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
A growing health issue in the United States is violence, specifically violence against children and youths. Research finds that children and youth are steadily exposed to violence during their daily routines. Thus, exposure to community violence and domestic violence has been of primary interest to researchers. In addition, risk factors that incite these types of violence have been largely studied. As a result, to increased scholar attention, the effects of violence on children and youths is of vital importance. Although constant attention is brought to this public health concern, there is less known about the effects of exposure to violence …
Effect Of Juvenile Mental Illness And Adult Offending, Gabriela Hernandez-Garcia
Effect Of Juvenile Mental Illness And Adult Offending, Gabriela Hernandez-Garcia
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
Individuals with mental illness interact with both the juvenile and adult criminal justice systems. Over 50% of inmates in jail and prisons have been diagnosed with mental health problems (James & Glaze, 2006; Al-Rousan, et al. 2017; Wilson & Wood, 2014; Torrey, 1995), while offenders in the juvenile justice system appear to have considerably higher rates of mental illness than those who do not offend (Cashman & Thomas, 2017). The current study utilizes data obtained from The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescents Health (Add Health). Adolescents from “selected schools, urbanity, school size and school type,” (Beaver, 2013, Daigle & Teasdale, …
Motivators Of Prostitution Desistance, Shawn Nicole Guy
Motivators Of Prostitution Desistance, Shawn Nicole Guy
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
The intent of this thesis was to determine the factors that lead to desistance from street prostitution in the form of motivators and how to shape recommendations to courts, social services, and policy-makers based off of identified themes. Additionally, various theories are discussed, supporting the presence of identified motivators and themes, that could be used by interventionsists as guiding principles when working on strategies for prostitution desistance modifications. Without isolating and stratifying motivators and themes, prostitutes who desire to desist may not receive appropiate treatments and interventions and may continue to recidivate with prostitution-related criminal charges. Statements obtained through qualitative …
Does The Death Penalty Deter Homicides?, Lorenzo A. Mendoza Valles
Does The Death Penalty Deter Homicides?, Lorenzo A. Mendoza Valles
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
This study assessed the long debated question over the death penalty’s deterrent effects. The majority of the empirical research on this topic is dated and does not display the current status of capital punishment. The death penalty argument is divided between criminologists who suggest that capital punishment holds no deterrent effects and criminologists who suggest that it does. This examination revisits the argument with an analysis of state panel data and executions between the years of 2000 and 2014. The findings suggest that the application of the death penalty does not deter would be offenders from committing homicide.
Mental Health Screening For Prisoners Upon Entrance To State Prisons, Illandra Denysschen
Mental Health Screening For Prisoners Upon Entrance To State Prisons, Illandra Denysschen
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
The prison system has left a penal system that strives to rehabilitate an offender, for one that simply punishes. This is detrimental for prisoners with mental disorders, as their condition may worsen exponentially with incarceration. This research examines the mental health screening processes for prisoners upon entrance to state prisons across the United States, by identifying the screening process via state policies. State policies were identified by going onto the respective DOC websites for every state, and reading through the mental health/health policy in order to identify whether or not there were mental health screening processes in place. The resulting …
Recidivism And Juvenile Justice Youth: A Study On Recidivism Rates For Youth Awaiting Adjudication, Whitney L. Hunt
Recidivism And Juvenile Justice Youth: A Study On Recidivism Rates For Youth Awaiting Adjudication, Whitney L. Hunt
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
The United States incarcerates more youth than any other country in the world (Justice Policy Institute, 2009). Previous research has focused on recidivism rates of juvenile justice youth post-adjudication. However, a gap in literature exists concerning the relationship of recidivism rates for youth awaiting adjudication. This study seeks to determine what factors correlate with recidivism for youths in detention compared with youths who receive detention alternatives while awaiting adjudication in an urban area in the Southern United States. It is hypothesized that, based on previous research and theory, youth who receive detention while awaiting adjudication are more likely to recidivate …
“I Don’T Wanna Sound Paranoid But I’M Not Likely To Trust People”: Understanding Work And Life Stressors In A Sample Of Federal Law Enforcement Officials, Stephanie Sanford
“I Don’T Wanna Sound Paranoid But I’M Not Likely To Trust People”: Understanding Work And Life Stressors In A Sample Of Federal Law Enforcement Officials, Stephanie Sanford
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
Federal law enforcement officials risk their lives every day to serve and protect the community from those who break the law. Among today’s society, the constant eye of the public and media can create stressors among federal officials. The participants in this study revealed what work-place events are perceived as stressors, which may potentially create an impact on their work and at home life, as well as coping mechanism they utilize to alleviate the identified stressors. Some of the impacts of work-place stress involved desensitization, unattachment, and psychological effects. Considering these effects, views from the public and the media can …
Human Trafficking In Dallas: An Assessment Of Local Law Enforcement Traning, Awareness, And Effectiveness In Recognizing Victims, Nazeeya Pervaiz Zubairie
Human Trafficking In Dallas: An Assessment Of Local Law Enforcement Traning, Awareness, And Effectiveness In Recognizing Victims, Nazeeya Pervaiz Zubairie
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
The purpose of this study was to examine the training, awareness, and effectiveness of a local law enforcement agency in recognizing victims of human trafficking. The research questions of this study were: are local law enforcement officers able to recognize victims of human trafficking during their beat, and does time in service effect their ability to recognize victims. This research study was conducted as a blind study, and provided a sample of local law enforcement officers with a self-administered survey that evaluated their perceptions of recognizing human trafficking victims. The officers' effectiveness in recognizing the victims was evaluated by whether …
Is There A Difference In Law Enforcement Perception In The Ability To Identify The Primary Aggressor In A Family Violence Dispute By Gender, Race, And Rank?, Sheri Denise Brock
Is There A Difference In Law Enforcement Perception In The Ability To Identify The Primary Aggressor In A Family Violence Dispute By Gender, Race, And Rank?, Sheri Denise Brock
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
When law enforcement responds to a family violence incident, it is not always clear who the primary aggressor was at the incident and it typically ends up being a “he said, she said” incident. The purpose of this study is to understand factors associated with determining the primary aggressor when responding to family violence. The introduction is covered in chapter one and it describes the issues that law enforcement officers have when they respond to a family violence call and if law enforcement responses to the questions being analyzed vary based on gender, race, and rank. Chapter two offers a …
Law Enforcement Officers' Perceptions Of Workplace Stress, Karen St Valentine
Law Enforcement Officers' Perceptions Of Workplace Stress, Karen St Valentine
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
Law enforcement officials have a grand responsibility placed upon them. In a general sense, that conscientious duty is explained as serving and protecting the community. However, these officers are exposed to a wide variety of stimuli that lead to desensitization or feeling absent or unattached, which can further lead to their view of the general public being altered. This occurs at an early point in their careers due to the nature of what they are subjected to, as well as the frequency and intensity of what they see. Therefore, this research explores the effects of strain and perceived stressors of …
Green Criminological Concerns & Philosophical Beliefs, Alexander Allen Anderson
Green Criminological Concerns & Philosophical Beliefs, Alexander Allen Anderson
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
The purpose of this research project was to test the philosophical argument that people who maintained a dualistic mindset or sustained a belief in the existence of the soul would be less concerned with environmental crime. A survey was collected from a sample of 332 individuals at the University of Texas at Arlington in Arlington, Texas. The survey asked individuals to select on a likert scale how concerned they were with environmental harm. Preceding these, individuals were asked to answer either yes, no, or I don’t know on questions concerning their philosophical beliefs, looking for indicators of dualistic thinking and …
A Review Of 'Body Farm' Research Facilities Across America With A Focus On Policy And The Impacts When Dealing With Decompositional Changes In Human Remains, Brittany M. Wolff
A Review Of 'Body Farm' Research Facilities Across America With A Focus On Policy And The Impacts When Dealing With Decompositional Changes In Human Remains, Brittany M. Wolff
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
In the current research study, the use of content analysis and secondary data analysis provided the exploratory research on the “body farm” research facilities across the United States. Open-ended survey questions were also utilized and sent to the six research facilities across the country. The use of open-ended survey questions in combination with a small sample size, resulted in only one institution participating in the survey and one facility actively declining to participate. To resolve this limitation, the use of secondary data and content analysis from facility publications and websites were utilized to complete some of the gaps resulting from …
Gang Activity: A Deeper Analysis Into The Types Of Crime Committed By Gang Members, Zane Lehman Nash
Gang Activity: A Deeper Analysis Into The Types Of Crime Committed By Gang Members, Zane Lehman Nash
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
The aim of this study is to get a better understanding of the different types of gang-related crime. The arrests of 410 gang members in Arlington, Texas from 2010-2014 are the subjects of analysis. These records display the date of arrest, age, committed offense, and gang affiliation of each gang member arrested by the Arlilngton Police Department's gang unit during this time span. Characteristics of gang members, such as age and gang type, were compared to attributes of gang-related offenses. Gang members were broken down into different age groups and gang classifications, while criminal offenses were categorized as being violent, …
Fear In The World Of Social Media, Jamie E. Hildreth
Fear In The World Of Social Media, Jamie E. Hildreth
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
Many researchers believe that perception of crime is formed by how crime is presented or framed by news media. News media has previously been society's only gateway to the rest of the world. "Violent crimes are prominent and presented as the norm in news media and commercial television programs, thus providing millions of people with a daily diet of rape, murder and drug abuse" (Greer, 2005). Emergence of social media may be removing many of the controls news media had in place with instantaneous, supposedly unbiased, unfiltered information. Social media may also be exacerbating the effects of news media by …
The Initiation Process And Factors Associated With Adolescent Female Gang Membership, Clara Saavedra
The Initiation Process And Factors Associated With Adolescent Female Gang Membership, Clara Saavedra
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
This study sought to address the numerous internal and external factors associated with gang membership among adolescent females as well as the various ways females are initiated into the gang subculture. Motivations and initiation rites were determined based on a series of audio-recorded focus group interviews conducted on 16 female gang members from the North Texas region. The purpose was to identify internal/external factors as well as initiation methods in order to develop programs to reduce or prevent female gang membership.
School Interventions And Criminality: An Analysis Into The Types Of School Interventions And Criminality, Holton Silas Hemby
School Interventions And Criminality: An Analysis Into The Types Of School Interventions And Criminality, Holton Silas Hemby
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
The study focuses on the types of school interventions used in the educational system in order to understand a correlation with criminality. The participants consist of 105 individuals that were sentenced to probation in Parker County, Texas, from January 1, 2015 to February 28, 2015. The research displays gender, race, education, school interventions, juvenile criminality, and adult criminality from the participants of Parker County Community Supervision and Corrections Department. The variables of the participants were then analyzed through a cross tabulation and logistical regression. According to the results, there is no significant association with school interventions and adult criminality. In …
Electronic Control Devices & Injury Impact: An Analysis Of Secondary Data From The Arlington Police Department, Brook Rollins
Electronic Control Devices & Injury Impact: An Analysis Of Secondary Data From The Arlington Police Department, Brook Rollins
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
For law enforcement officers, the necessity to utilize force against a citizen is a powerful aspect of the job. Recent technological advances in force options contribute to the delicate balance of a police officer and using force against a citizen. The Electronic Control Device (ECD) is one such tool of technological advancement. With the introduction of the ECD a fierce argument has emerged challenging the efficacy and safety of the devices. The Arlington Police Department deploys ECD's to its officers as a part of the daily issued equipment. The purpose of this research project is to analyze the usage of …
An Analysis Of Military Sexual Assault And Subsequent Punishment, Christina Durham
An Analysis Of Military Sexual Assault And Subsequent Punishment, Christina Durham
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
In recent years, national attention has been drawn to the issue of sexual assault in the military. This is largely in part due to the number of reported offenses increasing each year, jumping 50% between 2012 and 2013 alone (DoD, 2013). Research has shown sexual assault offenses are greatly underreported and that the victimization rates among service members are higher than those of civilians (Turchik & Wilson, 2010). Past research efforts to understand why sexual assaults are so prevalent in the military have focused heavily on the victim and the effectiveness of preventative programs (Turchick & Wilson, 2010). Additionally, theories …
A Professional Perspective Into The World Of Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking, Lira M. Polanco
A Professional Perspective Into The World Of Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking, Lira M. Polanco
Criminology & Criminal Justice Theses
The purpose of this study is to analyze the knowledge and perceptions of professionals involved in the world of domestic minor sex trafficking. Specifically, the perceptions of advocates, social workers, law enforcement and medical professionals in the Dallas/Ft. Worth area are examined via survey responses. An exploratory approach is used to measure the views of professionals working in the area of domestic minor sex trafficking, through the use of a non-experimental, cross-sectional questionnaire composition, which consists of a single observation of professionals in the Dallas/Ft. Worth area involved in the aid of victims of domestic minor sex trafficking. A non-probability …