Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Recycle Inplant Air -- A Method Of Energy Conservation, Milton J. Murry

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Air pollution in metal fabricating shops and other small industrial customers' shops, is a problem. This pollution may be present as non-toxic fumes or mist. Sources of these fumes and mist may be welding processes or metal machining. Unions and various government agencies may exert pressures to remove? this air pollution.

The historical method that has been used to remove these pollutants has been to exhaust air from the shop. The amount of exhaust air is normally very large so that mist and fumes can be diluted quickly. As the sources or amounts of air pollution increase so will the …

Energy Is Not Just Flipping The Switch Any More, Alfred L. Ransome

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The energy industry -- or basically the mining industry -- is becoming more complex and costly. It is imperative that the facts pertaining to the mineral industry be disseminated to the layman; the best method in the long term is by way of science and economics in the schools -- kindergarten through high school. The Mineral Information Committee of the Colorado Section of the SME-AIME in cooperation with the Metro State College, Denver is embarking on such a program, and the newly developed magazine, "RESOURCES", is the vehicle for spreading the message through the classroom.

Effective Utilization Of Energy From Biomass Residues In Agricultural Applications, Harry W. Parker

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Biomass is one of the more attractive alternative energy sources. Use of existing biomass residues within the farm and ranch economy can be accomplished with a minimum of organizational problems since the producer, processor, and consumer may be the same person or organization. The major task is to provide potential agricultural biomass users with accurate cost estimates for the energy made available from the biomass, and contemporary technology for its utilization.

Specific examples are given with regard to powering irrigation well engines with cotton gin trash via a producer gas generator, and conversion of harvested mesquite wood to digestible energy …

Community Federal Office Center -- A Unique Hvac System, Milton J. Murry

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning system for this ten (10) story (400,000 S.F.) office building is of unique design. The only form of heat in the building is 1400 radiant ceiling panels of 500 watts each located around the perimeter of the building. The supply air for cooling is controlled by a variable air volume system. This supply air is delivered to exterior and interior zones. Variable air volume boxes serve both of these zones and the boxes are controlled by wall mounted thermostats. These thermostats are located on a 30 foot by 30 foot grid system. With this …

Energy And The Nation: The Social And Political Trends, John R. Dew

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The manner in which America fulfills her energy needs will be in accordance with a process begun during Theodore Roosevelt's era and expanded throughout this century. By continuing its gradual centralization and aggrandizement the Federal government will eventually control every aspect of energy supply and consumption in the United States. More than any other factor,, the energy situation will cause Americans to realize their dependence upon global politics and affairs. Our stability will not only depend upon meeting domestic energy demands but upon the ability of European and the demands of their economies.

Microprocessor Time Clock For Localized Energy Control, Roger I. Staab, Dallas M. Shiroma

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A microprocessor time clock is being developed to meet requirements for energy control in Navy buildings. The unit is designed to be a cost-effective alternative to electro-mechanical time clocks. Operating principles for both stand-alone and distributed-network modes are described.

Stratiform Domes: High Performance Thin-Shell Concrete Structures, Jonathan P. Zimmerman

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The stratiform method of dome construction was invented in response to the need for energy conserving space enclosures. Polyurethane foam and concrete are»spray applied in sequential layers on the inside of a balloon air-form. This process results in structures which require approximately one-tenth of the building materials with which to build them, and one-third of the energy with which to heat or cool them.

On The Conceptualization And Measurement Of Energy-Related Attitudes, Richard A. Zeller, Randy L. Workman, H. Theodore Groat, Arthur G. Neal

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper is directed toward a concern with the conceptualization and measurement of energy-related attitudes. Four such dimensions were conceptually and operationally defined. This paper reports on the analysis of these measures.

Cost Accounting Regulations In Oil And Gas Industries, Lakshmi U. Tatikonda, Rao J. Tatikonda

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The cost accounting methods that are currently used in the oil and gas Industry are very diverse. Since the 1973 Arab Oil Embargo, increased attention was given to this issue, which resulted in the issuance of SFAS-19 by the FA SB and the SEC’s attempt to develop a new accounting method based on the value of their reserves. The pros and cons of the existing methods are discussed. Also discussed is the need for a uniform accounting procedure.

The Advantages Of Local Extremes Of Systems When Considering Energy Supply Trends Toward Size And Complexity, Harold A. Kurstedt Jr., Arthur M. Squires, William A. Kramer

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Recent discussions of new energy sources, including some debate concerning the relative merits of a number of approaches, reflect an emerging trend toward extremes in size and complexity of sources. This trend is justified as a fundamental premise for future energy development. The trend is related to similar trends in commerce, business, medical service, and transportation. The recent sharp increases in marginal energy costs, along with governmental intervention in the energy scene, are accelerating a focus on the concept of an energy park, at one extreme, and on small locally-controlled sources of energy, at the other A key to successful …

Input-Output Analysis Of Industrial Energy Consumption: Some Effects Of Changing Prices And Federal Regulation, John R. Griffith, Ruth Y. Griffith

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Input-output data are used to indicate some possible effects on the industrial sector of government options relating to energy, and some results of the industrial conservation program are examined.

Concentration Of Solar Energy Using A Cassegrain Type Solar Furnace, M. H. Cobble, W. C. Hull

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

A solar furnace consisting of a paraboloid of revolution that tracks the sun, and a hyperboloid of revolution reflector that has a focus in common with the paraboloid is analyzed using a three-dimensional ray trace to determine the image shape and size, and for the concentration to be obtained for various eccentricities e of the hyperboloid when used with an 84 foot diameter paraboloid (radar dish).

Energy Substitution Prospects, Vaman Rao

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Any discussion about the future pattern of energy use invariably includes scernarios involving a switch-over to that source of energy which is available in abundant supply. It is taken for granted, for example, that coal will play a major role in the future and that the relative share of oil will decline with the passage of time. It is too simplistic to assume that a time series analysis will give the likely clues as to the pattern of switch-over from one source of energy to another. There has been a radical change in the structure of exchange relations between the …

Electricity Generation And Abatement Of Gypsum Production, Angelos Pagoulatos

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper analyzes the possibility of reducing costs of compliance for coal-fired electric generating plants. As electricity production relies more heavily on coal, the possibility of marketing abatement gypsum is explored and qualitative estimates are obtained.

The Solar Connection -- Promise Or Peril?, Paul S. Strong

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

During the past decade important progress has been made in understanding the sun-earth environmental system. Modern observations of solar activity document changes in solar output over time scales ranging from seconds to decades, and evidence for longer term variations have been found in historical records. It follows that the sun cannot be considered to be a totally non-variable energy source. Continued research progress into solar-terrestrial interactions will hopefully provide an understanding of sun-weather/climate relationships resulting in energy conservation through more efficient energy utilization of our planet's atmospheric energy system.

America’S Energy Portrait -- 1978 And Beyond, Tom Day

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

There is a general consensus that fragmented energy policies are a product of unrefined knowledge about our energy supplies and energy management capabilities. There is also a specific endeavor that we mortals must have knowledge available in order to learn how to proceed with this business of living. Knowledge about energy and how we use it is our strongest weakness and our most gullible assumption.

Utility Rate Structures: What We Can And Should Do And What We Can’T And Should Not Do, Charles David Laderoute

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper analyzes the economics of a nurrber of items of interest in public utility rate design. These include: lifeline rates, time-of-day rates, marginal cost pricing, and so-called "free services."

National And Regional Agricultural Impact Of Natural Gas Deregulation And Curtailment Under A High Export Scenario, Barton C. English, Earl O. Heady, Dan Dvoskin

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

An interregional national linear program ring model is used to evaluate the national and regional inpacts cn agriculture of two alternative natural gas policies -- curtailment to irrigation and deregulation. Energy use, agricultural production, commodity shadow prices, and resource use under natural gas curtailment and deregulation are compared to a base nn without these policy changes.

Commercially Available Vacuum Tube Solar Collectors, Stanley J. Ring

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Efficiencies on the order of 50 percent with high differential temperature (150° C) have been advertised with the current distribution of commercially available evacuated tube collectors. Product specifications and, where possible, experimental data have been gathered and presented. The paper also develops a mathematical model for evaluation of these collectors. Results conclude that, although performance is high, collector expense limits the cost effectiveness to necessary high-temperature, high-volume applications. These include both residential cooling and industrial processing.

An Energy Initiative -- To Inform The Public, James E. Beavers

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper discusses the formulation and implementation of an Energy Initiative Program whose purpose 1s to inform and educate the public. The program is supported by the efforts of the Coordinating Committee on Energy (CCE) of the Association for Cooperation in Engineering (ACE) composed of representatives from 22 national engineering societies.

Computer Modeling Of A Solar Hot Water Collector System, Michael F. Bregar, William E. Stewart Jr.

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Computer modeling of a solar collector system can facilitate the selection of design paths and produce the optimal orientation and layout of the system for its intended location and seasonal usage patterns. Application of economic criteria to modeling also enables the analysis of alternate designs in terms of their installed and operating costs, as well as allowing calculation of payback periods for the various system configurations.

This program was intended to aid in the design of solar hot water collector systems. Design parameters of the system are used as inputs to the program. System configuration and design can then be …

Planning For Energy Conservation -- A Cooperative City/University Effort, A. Richard Graham

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Cities that are planning energy conservation programs are often in need of assistance in organizing the programs. This paper describes a project which is providing this service to a pilot network of cities. Programs which have been Implemented are described.

Assessment Of Residential Energy Use: Some Results And Methodologies, Gunar E. Liepins

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This paper addresses the problem of determining residential energy use. Specifically, it discusses some of the estimation methods, selected results, and potential errors in the estimates.

Analysis Of Residential Electric Demand In Southwestern Indiana, Mangi L. Agarwal

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

This study analyzes the residential demand for electricity in the Southern Indiana Gas and Electric Company service area. It explores the many variables which may contribute to electricity consumption. It also attempts to synthesize various weather and climatic data into one variable called the "comfort index" which may explain part of the electricity consumption. In estimating the demand equations, monthly data for twelve years have been used.

To Light Or Not To Light? -- That Is The Energy Question, J. Byron Nelson, Burns E. Hegler

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

The controversy over lighting levels has existed for some time. Interest in methods of lighting has been heightened by the energy crisis. It has been estimated that lighting consumes approximately five percent of the nation's energy, therefore lighting is a relatively small energy user when compared to transportation and industrial processes which consume the bulk of the nation's energy. However, any saving that will make a contribution to the energy crisis should be considered. Consequently, this paper shows how energy for lighting may be reduced without sacrificing the present quality of lighting and in some cases, actually improve the lighting …

Wood As An Energy Source In The Tennessee Valley Region, Richard L. Doub

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

TVA has been working with wood energy production systems for only a short time, but we have been involved with forest development for many years, and our experience has led us to believe in the viability of using wood for energy production. Commercial forests of the Tennessee Valley region (125 watershed counties, plus another 76 counties where TVA provides Power) occupy some 30.5 million acres. The annual total tree growth from these lands is about 2.3 billion cubic feet of wood-equivalent to 38 million tons of coal in heat value. Conventional forest products now consume some 580 million cubic feet …

Gasification Of Municipal Solid Waste In A Fluidized Bed Reactor, Craig W. Mosley, Radon Tolman

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Results of pilot plant municipal solid waste gasification studies conducted at the Adolph Coors Company, Golden, Colorado, are presented. The nominal one ton per hour, 150 psig, fluidized bed gasification system was operated during 1973- 1974 using steam and air as oxidants and fluidizing media. These studies show the feasibility of a one-stage, air blown, fluid bed MSW conversion system.

Developing And Implementing A Municipal Energy Program, Howard Hufford, Steve Brooks, Ann Hall, Nancy Southworth

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Faced with the responsibility of providing energy and water services for a rapidly-growing community, City Utilities is looking for ways to encourage more efficient use of our available energy resources.

This paper describes the progress made and some of the pitfalls encountered by a municipal utility during implementation of energy programs as part of a federal, pilot demonstration project.

A Case Study Of Conservation In Space Heating Requirements Of A Single-Family Home, Robert M. Boeke

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Energy requirements for space heating in a single-family home were studied over a period of four heating seasons. The effects of added insulation, reduced thermostat settings and other conservation techniques were measured. The potential for energy conservation in residences, under actual living conditions, was clearly demonstrated.

Conducting Successful Energy Audits, J. M. Phillips, W. C. Turner, R. E. Webb

UMR-MEC Conference on Energy / UMR-DNR Conference on Energy

Part of any successful energy management program is well designed and conducted energy audits. Basically, there are three types of energy audits. They are 1) Gross, 2) Detailed, and 3) Walk-Through Survey. Unfortunately, the literature seldom distinguishes between the three resulting in some confusion.

This paper helps clear that confusion by defining each type, giving examples of their application, and presenting directions or guidelines. Forms for each type of audit are included with the examples.

The forms and instructions have been developed under a program at Oklahoma State University designed to research and disseminate information to help industry better weather …