Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

View Specific Generalisation Effects In Face Recognition: Front And Yaw Comparison Views Are Better Than Pitch, Simone K. Favelle, Stephen Palmisano

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

It can be difficult to recognise new instances of an unfamiliar face. Recognition errors in this particular situation appear to be viewpoint dependent with error rates increasing with the angular distance between the face views. Studies using front views for comparison have shown that recognising faces rotated in yaw can be difficult and that recognition of faces rotated in pitch is more challenging still. Here we investigate the extent to which viewpoint dependent face recognition depends on the comparison view. Participants were assigned to one of four different comparison view groups: front, ¾ yaw (right), ¾ pitch-up (above) or ¾ …

Employability In A Global Context: Evolving Policy And Practice In Employability, Work Integrated Learning, And Career Development Learning, Martin Smith, Kenton Bell, Dawn Bennett, Alan Mcalpine

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This research project was activated to explore trends emerging in the intersecting domains of employability, work-integrated learning, and career development learning. In late 2015, researchers, academics, and career practitioners from Australia, the United Kingdom and Canada gathered to attend an Employability Masterclass at the University of Wollongong. Attendees explored questions around employability in vocationally specific and non-vocationally specific degrees. The language and conversations highlighted the influence of global contexts on strategies and practices in transnational settings-specifically, how employability is defined and supported across the breadth of university activity.

Evidence-Based Cervical Screening: Experts' Normative Views Of Evidence And The Role Of The 'Evidence-Based Brand', Jane H. Williams, Lucie Rychetnik, Stacy M. Carter

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Organised cervical screening programmes are a combination of arrangements designed to maximise benefit and minimise harm associated with cervical cancer at the population level. Many organised programmes are described as 'evidence-based', reflecting an expectation that healthcare should be based on the tenets of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM). EBM is both normalised and contested. As part of a larger study of how cervical screening came to be the way it is, we conducted a grounded theory study of cervical screening experts' perspectives on evidence and its use in guideline development processes. We sampled from several countries and across a range of professional …

Teacher Disposition Scale (Tds): Construction And Psychometric Validation, Conor West, Amanda Ann Baker, John F. Ehrich, Stuart Woodcock, Sahar Bokosmaty, Steven J. Howard, Michelle J. Eady

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Despite the growing prominence and importance of the field of teacher dispositions for addressing selection criteria and assessment in educational research, there is an absence of psychometrically evaluated instruments to facilitate investigations. Furthermore, research thus far has not explored the relationship between teacher dispositions and better student outcomes. To address this paucity, key dispositional factors conducive to successful teaching and learning were identified through interviewing high performing teachers. Based on the interview, data a 24-item Teacher Disposition Scale (TDS) was constructed consisting of five dimensions: Motivation to teach; Teacher efficacy; Willingness to learn; Conscientiousness; and Interpersonal and communication skill. The …

Property Speculation, Global Capital, Urban Planning And Financialisation: Sydney Boom, Sydney Bust Redux, Alistair Sisson, Dallas Rogers, Christopher R. Gibson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In this 'Thinking Space' essay we revisit Maurie Daly's 1982 book Sydney Boom, Sydney Bust, fuelled by concern for how Australian cities are being transformed by financialised real estate. Daly's insights remain highly relevant to Sydney and other cities around Australia and the world today. Poorly planned densification, inflated property markets, land speculation, and housing poverty are all outcomes of the (global) capitalist intersection of finance and land in Australia. The overwriting of Aboriginal country with colonial-capitalist systems of land ownership set in train a process of land and housing booms, bubbles and busts that are better understood by their …

'Try It, It's Like Chocolate': Embodied Methods Reveal Food Politics, Andrew Wilbur, Leah Maree Gibbs

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Embodied methods have become popular tools for exploring subjective dimensions of social science research, including emotion and affect, as well as contributing substantively to empirical data. Concurrent growth of more-than-human research, in which the human subject is dethroned from an exclusive position of power and agency, offers an opportunity to explore methods beyond human subjectivity. This paper embraces this task by drawing on embodied methods in the context of food research, asking what the practices of transforming nonhuman matter into food reveal about the politics of food and the more-than-human world. Recounting field experiences from two discrete projects in Italy …

Like And Share: Associations Between Social Media Engagement And Dietary Choices In Children, Heather Baldwin, Becky Freeman, Bridget Kelly

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective To examine whether social media and online behaviours are associated with unhealthy food and beverage consumption in children. Design A cross-sectional online survey was used to assess Internet and social media use, including engagement with food and beverage brand content, and frequency of consumption of unhealthy foods and beverages. Linear regression models were used to examine associations between online behaviours, including engagement with food and beverage brand content, and consumption of unhealthy foods and beverages, adjusting for age, sex and socio-economic status. Setting New South Wales, Australia, in 2014. Subjects Children aged 10-16 years (n 417). Results Watching food …

Reflective Practice As A Research Method For Co-Creating Curriculum With International Partner Organisations, Rebecca H. Bilous, Laura Ann Hammersley, Kate Lloyd

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Within work-integrated learning (WIL), partner communities and organisations are increasingly seen as co-educators, but not often as collaborators of research inquiry (Hammersley, 2012; 2015). This paper reflects on the research methods employed to engage partner organisations in the co-creation of curriculum to support international WIL activities in a way that recognises the valuable expertise, knowledge and skills of international community partners. In particular, it focuses on the specific role of reflection as a research method that enabled participants from diverse cultural and experiential backgrounds to critically and collectively explore the co-creation process. This paper shares the different ways reflection was …

The Impact Of Unhealthy Food Sponsorship Vs. Pro-Health Sponsorship Models On Young Adults' Food Preferences: A Randomised Controlled Trial, Helen Dixon, Maree Scully, Melanie Dr Melanie Wakefield, Bridget Kelly, Simone Pettigrew, Kathy Chapman, Jeff Niederdeppe

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

BACKGROUND: Unhealthy foods are promoted heavily, through food company sponsorship of elite sport, resulting in extensive exposure among young adults who are avid sport spectators. This study explores the effects of sponsorship of an elite sporting event by: (A) non-food brands (control), (B) unhealthy food brands, (C) healthier food brands, or (D) an obesity prevention public health campaign on young adults' brand awareness, attitudes, image perceptions, event-sponsor fit perceptions, and preference for food sponsors' products. METHODS: A between-subjects web-based experiment was conducted, consisting of four sponsorship conditions (A through D) featuring three product categories within each condition. Australian adults (N …

Managing The Risk Of Hendra Virus Spillover In Australia Using Ecological Approaches: A Report On Three Community Juries, Christopher J. Degeling, Gwendolyn L. Gilbert, Edward Annand, Melanie R. Taylor, Michael Walsh, Michael P. Ward, Andrew Wilson, Jane Johnson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

BACKGROUND: Hendra virus (HeV) infection is endemic in Australian flying-fox populations. Habitat loss has increased the peri-urban presence of flying-foxes, increasing the risk of contact and therefore viral 'spillovers' into horse and human populations. An equine vaccine is available and horse-husbandry practices that minimize HeV exposure are encouraged, but their adoption is suboptimal. Ecological approaches-such as habitat creation and conservation-could complement vaccination and behavioural strategies by reducing spillover risks, but these are controversial. METHODS: We convened three community juries (two regional; one metropolitan) to elicit the views of well-informed citizens on the acceptability of adding ecological approaches to current interventions …

The Network Structure Of Schizotypal Personality Traits, Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero, J Ortuno-Sierra, M Debbane, Raymond Chan, D C. Cicero, L C. Zhang, C Brenner, Emma Barkus, R J. Linscott, T Kwapil, Neus Barrantes-Vidal, Alex S. Cohen, Adrian Raine, Michael Compton, Erin B. Tone, Julie Suhr, Felix Inchausti, Julio Bobes, Axit Fumero, Stella Giakoumaki, Ioannis Tsaousis, Antonio Preti, Michael Chmielewski, Julien Laloyaux, Anwar Mechri, Mohamed Lahmar, Viviana Wuthrich, Frank Laroi, Johanna C. Badcock, Assen Jablensky, Adela Isvoranu, Sacha Epskamp, Eiko Fried

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Elucidating schizotypal traits is important if we are to understand the various manifestations of psychosis spectrum liability and to reliably identify individuals at high risk for psychosis. The present study examined the network structures of (1) 9 schizotypal personality domains and (2) 74 individual schizotypal items, and (3) explored whether networks differed across gender and culture (North America vs China). The study was conducted in a sample of 27001 participants from 12 countries and 21 sites (M age = 22.12; SD = 6.28; 37.5% males). The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) was used to assess 74 self-report items aggregated in 9 …

Exploring The Association Of Legalisation Status Of Cannabis With Problematic Cannabis Use And Impulsivity In The Usa, Louise Destrée, Danielle Amiet, Adrian Carter, Rico Lee, Valentina Lorenzetti, Rebecca A. Segrave, George J. Youssef, Nadia Solowij, Murat Yucel

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: There has been an increased trend towards the legalisation of medicinal and recreational cannabis use worldwide. This has been controversial as the long-term effects of frequent cannabis use on the brain are still poorly understood. Methods: In this study, we investigated whether the legal stat of cannabis in the United States of America (USA) is associated with problematic cannabis use and impulsivity in 329 frequent cannabis users. The data were collected in 2015 and were analysed in 2017. Ethical approval for this study was obtained from Monash University in 2015. Results: The results indicated that participants' problematic cannabis use …

Measurement Properties Of The Health Of The Nation Outcome Scales (Honos) Family Of Measures: Protocol For A Systematic Review, Meredith Harris, Claudia Sparti, Roman Scheurer, Tim Coombs, Jane Pirkis, Torleif Ruud, Stephen R. Kisely, Ketil Hanssen-Bauer, Johan Siqveland, Philip Burgess

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

INTRODUCTION: The Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) for adults, and equivalent measures for children and adolescents and older people, are widely used in clinical practice and research contexts to measure mental health and functional outcomes. Additional HoNOS measures have been developed for special populations and applications. Stakeholders require synthesised information about the measurement properties of these measures to assess whether they are fit for use with intended service settings and populations and to establish performance benchmarks. This planned systematic review will critically appraise evidence on the measurement properties of the HoNOS family of measures. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Journal …

Early Self-Regulation, Early Self-Regulatory Change, And Their Longitudinal Relations To Adolescents' Academic, Health, And Mental Well-Being Outcomes, Steven J. Howard, Kate E. Williams

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: To evaluate the extent to which early self-regulation and early changes in self-regulation are associated with adolescents' academic, health, and mental well-being outcomes.

Methods: Data were collected from 1 of the cohorts in a large dual-cohort cross-sequential study of Australian children. This cohort consisted of a nationally representative data set of 4983 Australian children assessed at 4 to 5 years of age, who were followed longitudinally to 14 to 15 years of age. Using regression within a path analysis framework, we first sought to investigate associations of early self-regulation (at 4-5 years and 6-7 years of age) …

Application Of A 10 Week Coaching Program Designed To Facilitate Volitional Personality Change: Overall Effects On Personality And The Impact Of Targeting, Jonathan Allan, Peter R. Leeson, Filip De Fruyt, Lesley S. Martin

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The current study explored the outcomes of a 10 week coaching program designed to facilitate volitional personality change. It also explored the impact of targeting specific personality facets on change. This research builds upon the burgeoning literature challenging the view that personality is fixed. The results of the study indicated that the 10 week program resulted in significant increases in participant's conscientiousness and extraversion and significant decreases in neuroticism. These changes were maintained 3 months post-intervention for neuroticism and extraversion. Targeting of associated facets significantly interacted with time during the intervention period for emotionality and conscientiousness, but not for extraversion.

Cash Transfers, Young Women’S Economic Well-Being, And Hiv Risk: Evidence From Hptn 068, Kelly N. Kilburn, James Hughes, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Ryan Wagner, F Gomez-Olive, Kathleen Kahn, Audrey Pettifor

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Despite the large interest in economic interventions to reduce HIV risk, little research has been done to show whether there are economic gains of these interventions for younger women and what intermediary role economic resources play in changing participants’ sexual behavior. This paper contributes to this gap by examining the impacts of a conditional cash transfer (CCT) for young women in South Africa on young women’s economic resources and the extent to which they play a role in young women’s health and behavior. We used data from HIV Prevention Trials Network 068 study, which provided transfers to young women (in …

Relationship Of Dietary Nitrate Intake From Vegetables With Cardiovascular Disease Mortality: A Prospective Study In A Cohort Of Older Australians, Alex Liu, Catherine Bondonno, Joanna Russell, Victoria M. Flood, Joshua Lewis, Kevin D. Croft, Richard Woodman, Wai Lim, Annette Kifley, Germaine Wong, Paul Mitchell, Jonathan Hodgson, Lauren Blekkenhorst

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Purpose: Short-term trials indicate inorganic nitrate and nitrate-rich vegetables may have vascular health benefits. However, few observational studies have explored the relationship between nitrate intake and long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the association of nitrate intake from vegetables with CVD mortality in a sample of older Australians. Methods: A subgroup of participants without diabetes or major CVD at baseline (1992–1994) were included from the Blue Mountains Eye Study, a population-based cohort study of men and women aged ≥ 49 years. Diets were evaluated using a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline, …

Goal Setting For Weight-Related Behavior Change In Children: An Exploratory Study, Abigail (Abi) Fisher, Megan Hammersley, Rachel A. Jones, Philip J. Morgan, Clare E. Collins, Anthony D. Okely

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: There is an absence of studies exploring different goal-setting appraches and none which have examined the use of proxy goal-setting by parents for their children. Aim: To explore how proficient parents are in setting health behaviour goals for their children according to SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time-framed) goal principles. A secondary aim was to examine associations between goal setting and change in health behaviors. Methods: Participants were parents and children taking part in one of two trials incorporating goal setting. Study 1 (Time2bHealthy) was an online program for parents of preschoolers (n = 36) and Study 2 …

School-Home Partnerships: The Missing Piece In Obesity Prevention?, Anthony D. Okely, Megan Hammersley

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Although the prevalence of child obesity has plateaued in some demographic groups, it remains high in most high-income countries.Schools have been identified as a key setting for preventing childhood obesity and improving obesity-related behaviours.Many such school-based interventions have been tested over the past 20 years, but only a handful of these have been successful...

Establishing A Framework For Learning To Teach English Pronunciation In An Australian Tesol Program, Michael S. Burri, Amanda Ann Baker, Honglin Chen

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

A substantial number of studies have been conducted in various second language teacher education settings. Yet, evidence about the effectiveness of teacher preparation continues to be debated and research findings about the efficacy of preparing language teachers are still somewhat inconclusive. As a further complication, even though pronunciation has regained some of its prominence in second language teaching, only minimal understanding exists about the preparation of pronunciation instructors in teacher education. The aim of this paper is to address this gap and to advance our understanding of teacher learning by first combining the findings from four research-based articles on learning …

A Systematic Review Of Mental Health Care Workers' Constructions About Culturally And Linguistically Diverse People, Tinashe Dune, Peter Caputi, Beverly M. Walker

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. A systematic review of research published in English was conducted across seven electronic databases in psychology, health and social sciences. The aim was to ascertain the nature of mental health care workers' constructions about culturally and linguistically diverse individuals in order to facilitate provision of culturally appropriate service delivery and multicultural training. The constructs and perspectives of 5,870 mental health workers with regards to minority populations …

Clinical Issues In Cannabis Use, Yvonne Bonomo, Jose Souza, Aidan Jackson, Jose Crippa, Nadia Solowij

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2018 The British Pharmacological Society Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit substance worldwide and the prevalence of users continues to increase. Over the last 2 decades, the world has seen significant changes regarding cannabis for recreational use as well as application in its use as a therapeutic medicine. This is likely to have influenced the decreasing perception of risks associated with the use of cannabis. Cannabis, however, is not benign and, depending on the pattern of its use, can incur a range of harmful effects, which have implications when prescribing medicinal cannabinoids for individuals. Based on research evidence from …

Recent Trends In Population Levels And Correlates Of Occupational And Leisure Sitting Time In Full-Time Employed Australian Adults, Anne Loyen, Tien Chey, Lina Engelen, Adrian E. Bauman, Jeroen Lakerveld, Hidde P. Van Der Ploeg, Johannes Brug, Josephine Chau

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study aimed to explore the trend in population levels, as well as the correlates, of occupational and leisure sitting time in full-time employed Australian adults between 2007 and 2015. We used data from the 2007/08, 2011/12 and 2014/15 Australian Health Surveys, in which nationally representative samples of the Australian population were interviewed. Full-time (≥35 hours/week) employed respondents reported sitting time at work and during leisure on a usual workday. Trends over time and associations between socio-demographic and health-related characteristics and sitting time were analysed in the combined dataset using multivariable logistic regression models. Over 21,000 observations were included in …

Big City Gaybourhoods: Where They Come From And Why They Still Matter, Scott J. Mckinnon

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In London, there is Soho; in New York, Chelsea and Greenwich Village; and in San Francisco, there is the Castro. In Sydney, there is Darlinghurst and, more specifically, Oxford Street. These are neighbourhoods of large cities that have, since at least the 1950s and often earlier, developed a reputation as queer spaces. In more recent years, those reputations have begun to fade and the enduring meanings of the "gaybourhood" have come into question. But what each of these places represents is the centrality of urban space to the emergence of visible, "out and proud" lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer …

Connecting And Collaborating Across Oceania And Its Diaspora: A Shared Approach To Meaningful Development And Engagement, Jioji Ravulo

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Through this short, critical piece, I, as someone who comes from an Indigenous Pacific heritage, aim to challenge the way in which mainstream society positions societal problems as siloed, isolated from a structural, collective understanding of societal problems generally evident in Indigenous epistemologies. I suggest that by using an anti-oppressive social work practice approach where power imbalances are examined and understood within a wider context, we, as a Pacific community, are better equipped to create strategies and solutions that are inclusive of those traditionally not included in the conversation for change. We need to promote the importance of creating a …

How Do People Belong In The Pacific? Introduction To This Issue, Camellia B. Webb-Gannon, Jioji Ravulo

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In early 2016, the two editors of this issue met together to discuss our common research interests. At that time, one of us (Jioji Ravulo) was a Senior Lecturer in the School of Social Sciences and Psychology at Western Sydney University (WSU), and the other of us (Camellia Webb-Gannon) was a Research Fellow in the School of Humanities and Communication Arts at the same institution. Camellia, whose research focuses on decolonisation in Melanesia, had recently returned from the 2016 Australian Association for Pacific Studies (AAPS) conference in Cairns at which she had hoped she would meet other researchers of the …

Co-Thought Gesturing Supports More Complex Problem Solving In Subjects With Lower Visual Working-Memory Capacity, Charly Eielts, Wim T. J. L Pouw, Kim Ouwehand, Tamara Van Gog, Rolf A. Zwaan, Fred Paas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

During silent problem solving, hand gestures arise that have no communicative intent. The role of such co-thought gestures in cognition has been understudied in cognitive research as compared to co-speech gestures. We investigated whether gesticulation during silent problem solving supported subsequent performance in a Tower of Hanoi problem-solving task, in relation to visual working-memory capacity and task complexity. Seventy-six participants were assigned to either an instructed gesture condition or a condition that allowed them to gesture, but without explicit instructions to do so. This resulted in three gesture groups: (1) non-gesturing; (2) spontaneous gesturing; (3) instructed gesturing. In line with …

Research Ethics, Informed Consent And The Disempowerment Of First Nation Peoples, Juan M. Tauri

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Recently, Indigenous commentators have begun to analyse the way in which institutional Research Ethics Boards (REBs) engage with Indigenous researchers and participants, respond to Indigenous peoples' concerns with academic research activities, and scrutinise the ethics proposals of Indigenous scholars. Of particular concern for Indigenous commentators is that the work of REBs often results in the marginalisation of Indigenous approaches to knowledge construction and dissemination, especially in relation to the vexed issue of informed consent. Based on analysis of the results of research with Indigenous researchers and research participants, this paper argues that institutionalised REBs' preference for 'universal' and 'individualised' approaches …

Rabies Response, One Health And More-Than-Human Considerations In Indigenous Communities In Northern Australia, Christopher J. Degeling, Victoria Brookes, Tess Lea, Michael P. Ward

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Australia is currently canine rabies free; however, the spread of rabies in eastern Indonesia poses an increasing risk to northern Australia. Domestic dogs are numerous in East Arnhem Land (EAL) and the Northern Peninsular Area (NPA), usually unrestrained and living in close relationships with humans. The response to any rabies outbreak on Australian territory will focus on dog vaccination, controlling dog movements and depopulation. A One Health approach to zoonotic disease control should seek to co-promote human and animal health, whilst also seeking to accommodate the preferences of affected communities. We report on 5 collaborative workshops and 28 semi-structured interviews …

Development, Implementation And Evaluation Of Australia's First National Continuing Medical Education Program For The Timely Diagnosis And Management Of Dementia In General Practice, Heike Schutze, Allan Shell, Henry Brodaty

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Dementia is the second leading cause of death in Australia. Over half of patients with dementia are undiagnosed in primary care. This paper describes the development, implementation and initial evaluation of the first national continuing medical education program on the timely diagnosis and management of dementia in general practice in Australia. Methods: Continuing medical education workshops were developed and run in 16 urban and rural locations across Australia (12 were delivered as small group workshops, four as large groups), and via online modules. Two train-the-trainer workshops were held. The target audience was general practitioners, however, international medical graduates, GP …