Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 30 of 31
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
‘It’S Because I Like Things… It’S A Status And He Buys Me Airtime’: Exploring The Role Of Transactional Sex In Young Women’S Consumption Patterns In Rural South Africa (Secondary Findings From Hptn 068), Meghna Ranganathan, Lori Heise, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Heidi Stockl, Richard J. Silverwood, Kathleen Kahn, Amanda Selin, F Gomez-Olive, Charlotte Watts, Audrey Pettifor
‘It’S Because I Like Things… It’S A Status And He Buys Me Airtime’: Exploring The Role Of Transactional Sex In Young Women’S Consumption Patterns In Rural South Africa (Secondary Findings From Hptn 068), Meghna Ranganathan, Lori Heise, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Heidi Stockl, Richard J. Silverwood, Kathleen Kahn, Amanda Selin, F Gomez-Olive, Charlotte Watts, Audrey Pettifor
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Background ‘Transactional sex’, defined as a non-marital, non-commercial sexual relationship in which money or material goods are exchanged for sex, is associated with young women’s increased vulnerability to HIV infection. Existing research illustrates that the motivations for transactional sex are complex. The fulfilment of psycho-social needs such as the need to belong to a peer group are important factors underlying young women’s desires to obtain certain consumption items and thus engage in transactional sex. Methods We use a mixed-methods approach to explore the relationship between transactional sex and consumption patterns among young women in rural Mpumalanga province, South Africa. In …
Midwives' Role In Providing Nutrition Advice During Pregnancy: Meeting The Challenges? A Qualitative Study, Jamila Arrish, Heather Yeatman, Moira J. Williamson
Midwives' Role In Providing Nutrition Advice During Pregnancy: Meeting The Challenges? A Qualitative Study, Jamila Arrish, Heather Yeatman, Moira J. Williamson
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
This study explored the Australian midwives' role in the provision of nutrition advice. Little is known about their perceptions of this role, the influence of the model of care, and the barriers and facilitators that may influence them providing quality nutrition advice to pregnant women. Semistructured telephone interviews were undertaken with a subsample (n=16) of the members of the Australian College of Midwives who participated in an online survey about midwives' nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and their confidence in providing nutrition advice during pregnancy. Thematic descriptive analysis was used to analyse the data. Midwives believed they have a vital role in …
Continued Participation In Youth Sports: The Role Of Achievement Motivation, Lauren Gardner, Stewart A. Vella, Christopher A. Magee
Continued Participation In Youth Sports: The Role Of Achievement Motivation, Lauren Gardner, Stewart A. Vella, Christopher A. Magee
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
This study explored the antecedents of enjoyment and intention to continue in youth sports using the social-cognitive model of achievement motivation with the 2x2 achievement goal modification. Participants were 327 sports participants aged between 11 and 15 years. Individuals high in incremental beliefs reported greater enjoyment and intention to continue. This was perhaps due to endorsing mastery-approach goals. Individuals relatively high in entity beliefs reported relatively less enjoyment. This was perhaps due to endorsing performance-avoidance goals. These individuals also reported relatively less intention to continue regardless of their achievement goals. Findings could have implications for preventing dropout from youth sports.
The Role Of Community Sports Clubs In Adolescent Mental Health: The Perspectives Of Adolescent Males' Parents, Diarmuid Hurley, Christian F. Swann, Mark S. Allen, Anthony D. Okely, Stewart A. Vella
The Role Of Community Sports Clubs In Adolescent Mental Health: The Perspectives Of Adolescent Males' Parents, Diarmuid Hurley, Christian F. Swann, Mark S. Allen, Anthony D. Okely, Stewart A. Vella
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Adolescent males are at relatively high risk of developing mental health disorders and show low rates of help seeking when mental health disorders arise. Parents are the primary source of support for adolescents and therefore have an important role in mental health promotion and prevention of mental health disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the perceptions of adolescent males' parents on the potential role of community sport clubs in adolescent mental health promotion. Forty-six parents of adolescent males took part in 10 focus groups to investigate parents' mental health knowledge, beliefs and attitudes, perceptions of the role …
The Role Of Personalised Choice In Decision Support: A Randomized Controlled Trial Of An Online Decision Aid For Prostate Cancer Screening, Glenn P. Salkeld, Michelle Cunich, Jack Dowie, Kirsten Howard, Manish I. Patel, Graham Mann, Wendy Lipworth
The Role Of Personalised Choice In Decision Support: A Randomized Controlled Trial Of An Online Decision Aid For Prostate Cancer Screening, Glenn P. Salkeld, Michelle Cunich, Jack Dowie, Kirsten Howard, Manish I. Patel, Graham Mann, Wendy Lipworth
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Importance Decision support tools can assist people to apply population-based evidence on benefits and harms to individual health decisions. A key question is whether "personalising" choice within decisions aids leads to better decision quality. Objective To assess the effect of personalising the content of a decision aid for prostate cancer screening using the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) test. Design Randomized controlled trial. Setting Australia. Participants 1,970 men aged 40-69 years were approached to participate in the trial. Intervention 1,447 men were randomly allocated to either a standard decision aid with a fixed set of five attributes or a personalised decision …
Surviving The 2015 Mount Everest Disaster: A Phenomenological Exploration Into Lived Experience And The Role Of Mental Toughness, Christian F. Swann, Lee Crust, Jacquelyn Allen-Collinson
Surviving The 2015 Mount Everest Disaster: A Phenomenological Exploration Into Lived Experience And The Role Of Mental Toughness, Christian F. Swann, Lee Crust, Jacquelyn Allen-Collinson
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Objectives The 2015 Nepal earthquake and subsequent avalanche at Mount Everest Base Camp is the deadliest mountaineering disaster to date. This study is novel in exploring the lived experiences of survivors and the role of mental toughness in their psychological responses to the disaster. Design Phenomenological study. Method Ten mountaineers, who were on expeditions during the earthquake, participated in phenomenological interviews. Data were analysed inductively and thematically, while strategies to enhance trustworthiness were also employed. Results Seven dimensions emerged from the data, which captured climbers' psychological responses to the disaster, ranging from the moments the earthquake hit to reflections on …
The Role Of Cannabinoids In Neuroanatomic Alterations In Cannabis Users, Valentina Lorenzetti, Nadia Solowij, Murat Yuecel
The Role Of Cannabinoids In Neuroanatomic Alterations In Cannabis Users, Valentina Lorenzetti, Nadia Solowij, Murat Yuecel
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The past few decades have seen a marked change in the composition of commonly smoked cannabis. These changes primarily involve an increase of the psychoactive compound Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and a decrease of the potentially therapeutic compound cannabidiol (CBD). This altered composition of cannabis may be linked to persistent neuroanatomic alterations typically seen in regular cannabis users. In this review, we summarize recent findings from human structural neuroimaging investigations. We examine whether neuroanatomic alterations are 1) consistently observed in samples of regular cannabis users, particularly in cannabinoid receptor-high areas, which are vulnerable to the effects of high circulating levels of THC, …
The Role Of Communication In Breast Cancer Screening: A Qualitative Study With Australian Experts, Lisa M. Parker, Lucie Rychetnik, Stacy M. Carter
The Role Of Communication In Breast Cancer Screening: A Qualitative Study With Australian Experts, Lisa M. Parker, Lucie Rychetnik, Stacy M. Carter
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Background One well-accepted strategy for optimising outcomes in mammographic breast cancer screening is to improve communication with women about screening. It is not always clear, however, what it is that communication should be expected to achieve, and why or how this is so. We investigated Australian experts' opinions on breast screening communication. Our research questions were: 1 What are the views of Australian experts about communicating with consumers on breast screening? 2 How do experts reason about this topic? Methods We used a qualitative methodology, interviewing 33 breast screening experts across Australia with recognisable influence in the Australian mammographic breast …
A Global Charter For The Public's Health - The Public's Health: The Role, Functions, Competencies, Education, B Borisch, C Jenkins, I Hernandez, R Krech, U Laaser, M Lomazzi, E Miron, M Moore, J Nurse, P Robinson, Heather Yeatman
A Global Charter For The Public's Health - The Public's Health: The Role, Functions, Competencies, Education, B Borisch, C Jenkins, I Hernandez, R Krech, U Laaser, M Lomazzi, E Miron, M Moore, J Nurse, P Robinson, Heather Yeatman
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Political leaders increasingly perceive health as being crucial to achieving growth, development, equity and stability throughout the world. Health is now understood as a product of complex and dynamic relations generated by numerous determinants at different levels of governance. Governments need to take into account the impact of social, environmental and behavioural health determinants, including economic constraints, living conditions, demographic changes and unhealthy lifestyles in many of the World Health Organization (WHO) Member States. This understanding and increasing globalization means it is very timely to review the role of (global) public health in this changing societal and political environment.
Why Do People Access News With Mobile Devices? Exploring The Role Of Suitability Perception And Motives On Mobile News Use, Hongjin Shim, Kyung Han You, Jeong Kyu Lee, Eun Go
Why Do People Access News With Mobile Devices? Exploring The Role Of Suitability Perception And Motives On Mobile News Use, Hongjin Shim, Kyung Han You, Jeong Kyu Lee, Eun Go
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Using self-reported survey data (N = 281), the present study explores the structural relationships among mobile users' perceptions of the suitability of two types of mobile news (political feature news and entertainment news), users' motivations for mobile news usage, and their behavioral patterns. Our findings show that two types of perceived suitability for mobile news, particularly for political feature news, are strongly associated with all dimensions of motivations for mobile news usage. Furthermore, as predicted, our findings show that the information-seeking motive is the very factor that determines mobile news usage. The results also reveal that the accessibility motive mediates …
The Role Of Festivals In Drought-Affected Australian Communities, Christopher R. Gibson, John Connell
The Role Of Festivals In Drought-Affected Australian Communities, Christopher R. Gibson, John Connell
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Event management research increasingly recognizes place embeddedness as critical to success. Less well understood is the significance of the festivals and events sector in places suffering from environmental crises. A major empirical survey of 480 festivals in rural Australia, conducted in 2008 at the height of the Millennium Drought, elucidates the role and significance of festivals under conditions of extreme environmental stress. It centers on a qualitative analysis of responses to open-ended questions on the impacts of that drought. Over 70% of participating festival and event managers indicated that their community had suffered from drought, while 43% cited drought as …
Urban Carbon Governance Experiments: The Role Of Australian Local Governments, Pauline M. Mcguirk, Robyn Dowling, Clare Brennan, Harriet Bulkeley
Urban Carbon Governance Experiments: The Role Of Australian Local Governments, Pauline M. Mcguirk, Robyn Dowling, Clare Brennan, Harriet Bulkeley
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Cities, and particularly urban local governments, are now widely recognised for their part in the complex, multilevel landscape of climate governance and carbon reduction. Nonetheless local government projects and initiatives are often framed as of limited value, outside the formal governance framework, and unable to contribute systematically. In contrast, this paper locates these initiatives as already part of the way in which governing climate and carbon is conducted and as governance experiments. We provide a descriptive analysis of these initiatives across Australia's capital cities, highlighting the domains, mechanisms, and partners through which they operate. We illustrate the enactment of experimentation …
Reaching 'An Audience That You Would Never Dream Of Speaking To': Influential Public Health Researchers' Views On The Role Of News Media In Influencing Policy And Public Understanding, Simon Chapman, Abby Haynes, Gemma Derrick, Heidi Sturk, Wayne Hall, Alexis B. St George
Reaching 'An Audience That You Would Never Dream Of Speaking To': Influential Public Health Researchers' Views On The Role Of News Media In Influencing Policy And Public Understanding, Simon Chapman, Abby Haynes, Gemma Derrick, Heidi Sturk, Wayne Hall, Alexis B. St George
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
While governments and academic institutions urge researchers to engage with news media, traditional academic values of public disengagement have inhibited many from giving high priority to media activity. In this interview-based study, the authors report on the views about news media engagement and strategies used by 36 peer-voted leading Australian public health researchers in 6 fields. The authors consider their views about the role and importance of media in influencing policy, their reflections on effective or ineffective media communicators, and strategies used by these researchers about how to best retain their credibility and influence while engaging with the news media. …
We All Have A Role In Protecting Children: End The Silence On Abuse, Amy Conley Wright, Lynne M. Keevers
We All Have A Role In Protecting Children: End The Silence On Abuse, Amy Conley Wright, Lynne M. Keevers
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The recent string of major child sexual assault scandals, in Australia and other countries, can create a feeling of disgust and an urge to look away from an ugly reality. Yet we must confront and take collective responsibility for child protection by acknowledging that it happens every day and that we have to talk about it. Societal silence on child sexual abuse protects perpetrators and enables abuse to continue. Child sexual assault is a lot more common than we may think. The Australian Institute of Family Studies reported in 2013 that as many as one in six boys and one …
The Role Of Perceived Speed In Vection: Does Perceived Speed Modulate The Jitter And Oscillation Advantages?, Deborah Apthorp, Stephen Palmisano
The Role Of Perceived Speed In Vection: Does Perceived Speed Modulate The Jitter And Oscillation Advantages?, Deborah Apthorp, Stephen Palmisano
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Illusory self-motion ('vection') in depth is strongly enhanced when horizontal/vertical simulated viewpoint oscillation is added to optic flow inducing displays; a similar effect is found for simulated viewpoint jitter. The underlying cause of these oscillation and jitter advantages for vection is still unknown. Here we investigate the possibility that perceived speed of motion in depth (MID) plays a role. First, in a 2AFC procedure, we obtained MID speed PSEs for briefly presented (vertically oscillating and smooth) radial flow displays. Then we examined the strength, duration and onset latency of vection induced by oscillating and smooth radial flow displays matched either …
Nutrition And Pregnancy - What Role For The Midwife?, Jamila Arrish, Heather Yeatman, Moira Williamson
Nutrition And Pregnancy - What Role For The Midwife?, Jamila Arrish, Heather Yeatman, Moira Williamson
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Abstract of paper presented at the ICM 30th Triennial Congress - Midwives: Improving Women's Health Globally, 1-5 June 2014, Prague, Czech Republic
Late Cortical Plasticity In Motor And Auditory Cortex: Role Of Met-Allele In Bdnf Val66met Polymorphism, James T H Teo, Graham Bentley, Philip Lawrence, Fruzsina Soltesz, Sam Miller, David Wille, Simon Mchugh, Chris Dodds, Bai Lu, Rodney J. Croft, Edward T. Bullmore, Pradeep Nathan
Late Cortical Plasticity In Motor And Auditory Cortex: Role Of Met-Allele In Bdnf Val66met Polymorphism, James T H Teo, Graham Bentley, Philip Lawrence, Fruzsina Soltesz, Sam Miller, David Wille, Simon Mchugh, Chris Dodds, Bai Lu, Rodney J. Croft, Edward T. Bullmore, Pradeep Nathan
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism has been associated with abnormalities of synaptic plasticity in animal models, and abnormalities in motor cortical plasticity have also been described in humans using transcranial direct current stimulation. No study has yet been done on plasticity in non-motor regions, and the effect of two Met alleles (i.e. 'Met dose') is not well understood. We studied the effect of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on the after-effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and tetanic auditory stimulation in 65 subjects (23; Val66Val, 22; Val66Met and 20; Met66Met genotypes). In the first session, motor evoked potentials (MEP) …
Of Mice And Men: Role Of Mice In Biomedical Research Questioned, Christopher J. Degeling, Jane Johnson
Of Mice And Men: Role Of Mice In Biomedical Research Questioned, Christopher J. Degeling, Jane Johnson
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
A study recently published in the peer-reviewed journal PNAS (Proceedings of the National of Academy Sciences) shows that mice are poor models for human inflammatory diseases. The paper, which focused on sepsis, burns and trauma, raises questions about the fundamental role of mice in biomedical research.
'It Was Not Just A Walking Experience': Reflections On The Role Of Care In Dog-Walking, Christopher J. Degeling, Melanie Rock
'It Was Not Just A Walking Experience': Reflections On The Role Of Care In Dog-Walking, Christopher J. Degeling, Melanie Rock
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Research into physical activity and human health has recently begun to attend to dog-walking. This study extends the literature on dog-walking as a health behaviour by conceptualizing dog-walking as a caring practice. It centres on qualitative interviews with 11 Canadian dog-owners. All participants resided in urban neighbourhoods identified through previous quantitative research as conducive to dog-walking. Canine characteristics, including breed and age, were found to influence people's physical activity. The health of the dog and its position in the life-course influenced patterns of dog-walking. Frequency, duration and spatial patterns of dog-walking all depended on relationships and people's capacity to tap …
The Role Of Vet In Transitioning To Renewable Energy Sources, Louise Fitzgerald, Judie Cross, Rosemary Raper
The Role Of Vet In Transitioning To Renewable Energy Sources, Louise Fitzgerald, Judie Cross, Rosemary Raper
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The Federal Government's Renewable Energy Target (RET), while too conservative according to reliable sources, has established that by 2020, twenty percent of Australia's electricity supply will come from renewable sources, primarily wind and solar energy. In this paper, we consider the implications of the transition to renewables for the Australian labour market in three ways. First, we critically review the literature on how the shift to renewables will impact on jobs in terms of the number and types of new jobs and those that may be phased out. Second, by drawing on illustrative examples of training and education programs currently …
The Short And The Tall Of It: The Role Of Viewer Height In Recognising Faces Viewed From Above And Below., Simone Favelle, Stephen Palmisano, Jessica Jackson
The Short And The Tall Of It: The Role Of Viewer Height In Recognising Faces Viewed From Above And Below., Simone Favelle, Stephen Palmisano, Jessica Jackson
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Paper presented at the 2013 Experimental Psychology Conference on the 3-6 April 2013.
Who Cares Wins: The Role Of Local News And News Sources In Influencing Community Responses To Marine Protected Areas, Michelle Voyer, Tanja Dreher, William Gladstone, Heather Goodall
Who Cares Wins: The Role Of Local News And News Sources In Influencing Community Responses To Marine Protected Areas, Michelle Voyer, Tanja Dreher, William Gladstone, Heather Goodall
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Mass media is a key tool by which environmental interventions, such as Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are communicated to the public. The way in which local news outlets present and explain MPAs to local communities is likely to be influential in determining how they respond to the proposal. In particular the tendency of news media to focus on areas of conflict and dispute ensures ideology and politics play a central role in reporting of MPA proposals, often simplifying debate into an 'us versus them' or 'fishers versus conservationists' ideological conflict. This can lead to the outright rejection of an MPA …
The Role Of Monocular Regions In The Perception Of Stereoscopic Surfaces, S Wardle, Barbara Gillam, Stephen Palmisano
The Role Of Monocular Regions In The Perception Of Stereoscopic Surfaces, S Wardle, Barbara Gillam, Stephen Palmisano
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Abstract presented at the 36th European Conference on Visual Perception, 25-29 August 2013, Bremen, Germany
Eye Tracking Infants: Investigating The Role Of Attention During Learning On Recognition Memory, Gemma Taylor, Jane S. Herbert
Eye Tracking Infants: Investigating The Role Of Attention During Learning On Recognition Memory, Gemma Taylor, Jane S. Herbert
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
In the present study, eye tracker methodology was used to explore whether there were age-related changes in the focus of infant attention during a learning event and subsequent recognition memory for event features. Six- and 9-month old infants watched a video of an adult demonstrating a sequence of actions with an object while visual attention was recorded using an eye tracker. At both ages, attention was focused primarily on the object and person, with the background attended to for approximately 12% of their viewing time. Recognition memory for the person, object and background from the video was assessed immediately using …
Selective Imitation In 6-Month-Olds: The Role Of The Social And Physical Context, Sabine Seehagen, Jane S. Herbert
Selective Imitation In 6-Month-Olds: The Role Of The Social And Physical Context, Sabine Seehagen, Jane S. Herbert
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Six-month-old infants' learning of a new action from two different models (mother/stranger) was assessed in two settings (home/laboratory). In the laboratory, a significant number of infants learned the action from a stranger but not from their mother. In the infants' homes, this pattern was reversed.
The Role Of School Counsellors In Fostering Giftedness: The Australian Experience., Wilma Vialle
The Role Of School Counsellors In Fostering Giftedness: The Australian Experience., Wilma Vialle
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
An African proverb that resonates strongly with educators is that "it takes a whole village to raise a child". The proverb has been the inspiration for at least two books (Cowen-Fletcher 1994; Rodham Clinton, 1996) and countless t-shirt and greeting card designs, but, more importantly, its sentiment acknowledges the collective responsibility we bear for educating our children. Franz Monks has dedicated his long academic career to the field of gifted education and his wide-ranging contributions have epitomized this shared responsibility for ensuring that the gifts and talents of our young people are nurtured. Like many educators who have interacted with …
The Role Of Motion In Recognising Facial Expressions., Simone K. Favelle, A Tobin, M Demayo, R Palermo
The Role Of Motion In Recognising Facial Expressions., Simone K. Favelle, A Tobin, M Demayo, R Palermo
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Poster presented at the 39th Australasian Experimental Psychology Conference, University of New South Wales, 12-15 April 2012
The Role Of The Media And Communication In Recovery From Natural Disasters: A Case Study Of The Canberra 'Firestorm' And Its Aftermath 2003-2007, Susan Nicholls, Jolyon Sykes, Peter J. Camilleri
The Role Of The Media And Communication In Recovery From Natural Disasters: A Case Study Of The Canberra 'Firestorm' And Its Aftermath 2003-2007, Susan Nicholls, Jolyon Sykes, Peter J. Camilleri
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The enormous tragedy of bushfires with significant loss of life, destruction of property, and differential recovery resulting in community division-that is, 'cleavage planes'-has become an all too common feature of the Australian experience. Research on the communication aspects of emergencies has tended to focus on preparedness and response with little in-depth analysis of the role of the media and communication strategies relating to the recovery process. In this paper, focusing on the Canberra 'firestorm' of 2003 and the aftermath recovery process, we report on a study seeking survivors' views on the functions of communication in the recovery process. The key …
What Is The Role Of Theory In Health Behavior Change Interventions?, Simone A. French, Anthony Worsley
What Is The Role Of Theory In Health Behavior Change Interventions?, Simone A. French, Anthony Worsley
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Editorial
Teachers Function Schemas And Their Role In Modelling, Mohan Chinnappan, Mike Thomas
Teachers Function Schemas And Their Role In Modelling, Mohan Chinnappan, Mike Thomas
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
An important element in teaching is the quality of content and pedagogical knowledge that teachers use in the design and delivery of their lessons. In this paper we present a framework for investigating how this knowledge is structured and how it relates to the mathematical modelling process. The framework is then used to compare an experienced teacher’s knowledge and teaching of functions with that of four trainee teachers. The data show that the experienced teacher has built up knowledge that is dominated by conceptual rather than procedural aspects of functions, whereas the prospective teachers have structures often lacking a strong …