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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Removal Of Trace Organic Contaminants By Enzymatic Membrane Bioreactors: Role Of Membrane Retention And Biodegradation, Muhammad Bilal Asif, Jingwei Hou, William E. Price, Vicki Chen, Faisal I. Hai
Removal Of Trace Organic Contaminants By Enzymatic Membrane Bioreactors: Role Of Membrane Retention And Biodegradation, Muhammad Bilal Asif, Jingwei Hou, William E. Price, Vicki Chen, Faisal I. Hai
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B
Performance of an enzymatic membrane bioreactor (EMBR) equipped with either an ultrafiltration (UF) or a nanofiltration (NF) membrane was explored for the degradation of a set of 29 chemically diverse trace organic contaminants (TrOCs). The NF membrane provided effective retention (90-99%) of TrOCs within the NF-EMBR. On the other hand, partial retention of charged and significantly hydrophobic (log >3) TrOCs was achieved by the UF membrane via charge repulsion and adsorption on the enzyme gel-layer formed on the membrane surface during UF-EMBR operation. Laccase achieved TrOC-specific degradation in both EMBRs. The extent of TrOC degradation was significantly (5 to 65%) …
The Role Of Particle Shape On The Hydraulic Conductivity Of Granular Soils Captured Through Kozeny-Carman Approach, Thanh Trung Nguyen, Buddhima Indraratna
The Role Of Particle Shape On The Hydraulic Conductivity Of Granular Soils Captured Through Kozeny-Carman Approach, Thanh Trung Nguyen, Buddhima Indraratna
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B
Previous studies indicate that particle shape plays an important role in the hydraulic conductivity (k) of granular materials, often represented through the Kozeny-Carman (KC) concept. Several recent studies have improved the accuracy of the KC approach using the particle size distribution (PSD) to estimate the specific surface area of particles but overly simplifying the effect of particle shape. This current study innovatively adopts the Micro-Computed Tomography (CT) technique to compute particle shape parameters of different granular materials (e.g., glass beads, sand and crushed gravel) and then incorporate these parameters into the KC equation to estimate k more accurately, which is …
‘It’S Because I Like Things… It’S A Status And He Buys Me Airtime’: Exploring The Role Of Transactional Sex In Young Women’S Consumption Patterns In Rural South Africa (Secondary Findings From Hptn 068), Meghna Ranganathan, Lori Heise, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Heidi Stockl, Richard J. Silverwood, Kathleen Kahn, Amanda Selin, F Gomez-Olive, Charlotte Watts, Audrey Pettifor
‘It’S Because I Like Things… It’S A Status And He Buys Me Airtime’: Exploring The Role Of Transactional Sex In Young Women’S Consumption Patterns In Rural South Africa (Secondary Findings From Hptn 068), Meghna Ranganathan, Lori Heise, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Heidi Stockl, Richard J. Silverwood, Kathleen Kahn, Amanda Selin, F Gomez-Olive, Charlotte Watts, Audrey Pettifor
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Background ‘Transactional sex’, defined as a non-marital, non-commercial sexual relationship in which money or material goods are exchanged for sex, is associated with young women’s increased vulnerability to HIV infection. Existing research illustrates that the motivations for transactional sex are complex. The fulfilment of psycho-social needs such as the need to belong to a peer group are important factors underlying young women’s desires to obtain certain consumption items and thus engage in transactional sex. Methods We use a mixed-methods approach to explore the relationship between transactional sex and consumption patterns among young women in rural Mpumalanga province, South Africa. In …
Is It My Job? The Role Of Rns In The Assessment And Identification Of Delirium In Hospitalized Older Adults: An Exploratory Qualitative Study, Miriam Coyle, Pippa Burns, Victoria Traynor
Is It My Job? The Role Of Rns In The Assessment And Identification Of Delirium In Hospitalized Older Adults: An Exploratory Qualitative Study, Miriam Coyle, Pippa Burns, Victoria Traynor
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
Delirium is characterized by acute and fluctuating cognitive decline, which is often missed in older adults who are assumed to be experiencing age-related changes or dementia. Delirium affects up to 50% of hospitalized older adults. The aim of the current study was to (a) explore current practices of RNs in assessing and identifying delirium in hospitalized older adults and (b) inform new educational initiatives. Qualitative methods were adopted using eight semi-structured group interviews with 24 RNs. Thematic analysis revealed a dichotomy in practice where RNs described delirium assessment and identification as (a) It's Not My Job, (b) It is …
Midwives' Role In Providing Nutrition Advice During Pregnancy: Meeting The Challenges? A Qualitative Study, Jamila Arrish, Heather Yeatman, Moira J. Williamson
Midwives' Role In Providing Nutrition Advice During Pregnancy: Meeting The Challenges? A Qualitative Study, Jamila Arrish, Heather Yeatman, Moira J. Williamson
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
This study explored the Australian midwives' role in the provision of nutrition advice. Little is known about their perceptions of this role, the influence of the model of care, and the barriers and facilitators that may influence them providing quality nutrition advice to pregnant women. Semistructured telephone interviews were undertaken with a subsample (n=16) of the members of the Australian College of Midwives who participated in an online survey about midwives' nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and their confidence in providing nutrition advice during pregnancy. Thematic descriptive analysis was used to analyse the data. Midwives believed they have a vital role in …
Continued Participation In Youth Sports: The Role Of Achievement Motivation, Lauren Gardner, Stewart A. Vella, Christopher A. Magee
Continued Participation In Youth Sports: The Role Of Achievement Motivation, Lauren Gardner, Stewart A. Vella, Christopher A. Magee
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
This study explored the antecedents of enjoyment and intention to continue in youth sports using the social-cognitive model of achievement motivation with the 2x2 achievement goal modification. Participants were 327 sports participants aged between 11 and 15 years. Individuals high in incremental beliefs reported greater enjoyment and intention to continue. This was perhaps due to endorsing mastery-approach goals. Individuals relatively high in entity beliefs reported relatively less enjoyment. This was perhaps due to endorsing performance-avoidance goals. These individuals also reported relatively less intention to continue regardless of their achievement goals. Findings could have implications for preventing dropout from youth sports.
The Role Of Community Sports Clubs In Adolescent Mental Health: The Perspectives Of Adolescent Males' Parents, Diarmuid Hurley, Christian F. Swann, Mark S. Allen, Anthony D. Okely, Stewart A. Vella
The Role Of Community Sports Clubs In Adolescent Mental Health: The Perspectives Of Adolescent Males' Parents, Diarmuid Hurley, Christian F. Swann, Mark S. Allen, Anthony D. Okely, Stewart A. Vella
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Adolescent males are at relatively high risk of developing mental health disorders and show low rates of help seeking when mental health disorders arise. Parents are the primary source of support for adolescents and therefore have an important role in mental health promotion and prevention of mental health disorders. The aim of this study was to examine the perceptions of adolescent males' parents on the potential role of community sport clubs in adolescent mental health promotion. Forty-six parents of adolescent males took part in 10 focus groups to investigate parents' mental health knowledge, beliefs and attitudes, perceptions of the role …
The Role Of Personalised Choice In Decision Support: A Randomized Controlled Trial Of An Online Decision Aid For Prostate Cancer Screening, Glenn P. Salkeld, Michelle Cunich, Jack Dowie, Kirsten Howard, Manish I. Patel, Graham Mann, Wendy Lipworth
The Role Of Personalised Choice In Decision Support: A Randomized Controlled Trial Of An Online Decision Aid For Prostate Cancer Screening, Glenn P. Salkeld, Michelle Cunich, Jack Dowie, Kirsten Howard, Manish I. Patel, Graham Mann, Wendy Lipworth
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Importance Decision support tools can assist people to apply population-based evidence on benefits and harms to individual health decisions. A key question is whether "personalising" choice within decisions aids leads to better decision quality. Objective To assess the effect of personalising the content of a decision aid for prostate cancer screening using the Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) test. Design Randomized controlled trial. Setting Australia. Participants 1,970 men aged 40-69 years were approached to participate in the trial. Intervention 1,447 men were randomly allocated to either a standard decision aid with a fixed set of five attributes or a personalised decision …
Surviving The 2015 Mount Everest Disaster: A Phenomenological Exploration Into Lived Experience And The Role Of Mental Toughness, Christian F. Swann, Lee Crust, Jacquelyn Allen-Collinson
Surviving The 2015 Mount Everest Disaster: A Phenomenological Exploration Into Lived Experience And The Role Of Mental Toughness, Christian F. Swann, Lee Crust, Jacquelyn Allen-Collinson
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Objectives The 2015 Nepal earthquake and subsequent avalanche at Mount Everest Base Camp is the deadliest mountaineering disaster to date. This study is novel in exploring the lived experiences of survivors and the role of mental toughness in their psychological responses to the disaster. Design Phenomenological study. Method Ten mountaineers, who were on expeditions during the earthquake, participated in phenomenological interviews. Data were analysed inductively and thematically, while strategies to enhance trustworthiness were also employed. Results Seven dimensions emerged from the data, which captured climbers' psychological responses to the disaster, ranging from the moments the earthquake hit to reflections on …
Exploring Structure And Role Of Engineering Asset Management System In Production Organizations, Khaled O. El-Akruti, Richard Dwight, Tieling Zhang
Exploring Structure And Role Of Engineering Asset Management System In Production Organizations, Khaled O. El-Akruti, Richard Dwight, Tieling Zhang
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
Little has been done in literature on the structure of Engineering Asset Management System (EAMS) and its relationship to production and organizational strategy. In this paper, the position of an EAMS within an organizational structure and its strategic role within a production organizations strategy has been explored. It is argued that the structure and mechanism of EAMS play a key role in directing the production process and linking to the organizational strategy: the absence or inadequacies of asset-related activities cause insufficient production performance that negatively impacts the strategic achievement. Production Actions are mapped with reference to the activities of the …
The Role Of Cannabinoids In Neuroanatomic Alterations In Cannabis Users, Valentina Lorenzetti, Nadia Solowij, Murat Yuecel
The Role Of Cannabinoids In Neuroanatomic Alterations In Cannabis Users, Valentina Lorenzetti, Nadia Solowij, Murat Yuecel
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The past few decades have seen a marked change in the composition of commonly smoked cannabis. These changes primarily involve an increase of the psychoactive compound Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and a decrease of the potentially therapeutic compound cannabidiol (CBD). This altered composition of cannabis may be linked to persistent neuroanatomic alterations typically seen in regular cannabis users. In this review, we summarize recent findings from human structural neuroimaging investigations. We examine whether neuroanatomic alterations are 1) consistently observed in samples of regular cannabis users, particularly in cannabinoid receptor-high areas, which are vulnerable to the effects of high circulating levels of THC, …
The Role And Positioning Of Numeracy In Australian Universities - Does It Matter?, Lesley Wilkins
The Role And Positioning Of Numeracy In Australian Universities - Does It Matter?, Lesley Wilkins
Senior Deputy Vice-Chancellor and Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Education) - Papers
Numeracy has been problematic for practitioners. It has been difficult to de-termine a consistent definition of the term; moreover, there has never been real agreement on its role, or position, within society, or within higher edu-cation. Many students who find mathematics "challenging", but who need to pass a non-specialist mathematics subject in order to graduate, consult Learning Development lecturers in order to obtain assistance with mathemat-ics. Students present with a variety of difficulties ranging from gaps in their schooling, especially senior school mathematics, through to more fundamen-tal mathematics topics. Many students confess to being "bad at maths"; are openly negative …
The Role Of Communication In Breast Cancer Screening: A Qualitative Study With Australian Experts, Lisa M. Parker, Lucie Rychetnik, Stacy M. Carter
The Role Of Communication In Breast Cancer Screening: A Qualitative Study With Australian Experts, Lisa M. Parker, Lucie Rychetnik, Stacy M. Carter
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Background One well-accepted strategy for optimising outcomes in mammographic breast cancer screening is to improve communication with women about screening. It is not always clear, however, what it is that communication should be expected to achieve, and why or how this is so. We investigated Australian experts' opinions on breast screening communication. Our research questions were: 1 What are the views of Australian experts about communicating with consumers on breast screening? 2 How do experts reason about this topic? Methods We used a qualitative methodology, interviewing 33 breast screening experts across Australia with recognisable influence in the Australian mammographic breast …
A Global Charter For The Public's Health - The Public's Health: The Role, Functions, Competencies, Education, B Borisch, C Jenkins, I Hernandez, R Krech, U Laaser, M Lomazzi, E Miron, M Moore, J Nurse, P Robinson, Heather Yeatman
A Global Charter For The Public's Health - The Public's Health: The Role, Functions, Competencies, Education, B Borisch, C Jenkins, I Hernandez, R Krech, U Laaser, M Lomazzi, E Miron, M Moore, J Nurse, P Robinson, Heather Yeatman
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Political leaders increasingly perceive health as being crucial to achieving growth, development, equity and stability throughout the world. Health is now understood as a product of complex and dynamic relations generated by numerous determinants at different levels of governance. Governments need to take into account the impact of social, environmental and behavioural health determinants, including economic constraints, living conditions, demographic changes and unhealthy lifestyles in many of the World Health Organization (WHO) Member States. This understanding and increasing globalization means it is very timely to review the role of (global) public health in this changing societal and political environment.
Why Do People Access News With Mobile Devices? Exploring The Role Of Suitability Perception And Motives On Mobile News Use, Hongjin Shim, Kyung Han You, Jeong Kyu Lee, Eun Go
Why Do People Access News With Mobile Devices? Exploring The Role Of Suitability Perception And Motives On Mobile News Use, Hongjin Shim, Kyung Han You, Jeong Kyu Lee, Eun Go
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Using self-reported survey data (N = 281), the present study explores the structural relationships among mobile users' perceptions of the suitability of two types of mobile news (political feature news and entertainment news), users' motivations for mobile news usage, and their behavioral patterns. Our findings show that two types of perceived suitability for mobile news, particularly for political feature news, are strongly associated with all dimensions of motivations for mobile news usage. Furthermore, as predicted, our findings show that the information-seeking motive is the very factor that determines mobile news usage. The results also reveal that the accessibility motive mediates …
Thin Film Lubrication Of Hexadecane Confined By Iron And Iron Oxide Surfaces: A Crucial Role Of Surface Structure, Thi Dinh Ta, A Kiet Tieu, Hongtao Zhu, Buyung Kosasih
Thin Film Lubrication Of Hexadecane Confined By Iron And Iron Oxide Surfaces: A Crucial Role Of Surface Structure, Thi Dinh Ta, A Kiet Tieu, Hongtao Zhu, Buyung Kosasih
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
A comparative analysis of thin film lubrication of hexadecane between different iron and its oxide surfaces has been carried out using classical molecular dynamic simulation. An ab initio force-field, COMPASS, was applied for n-hexadecane using explicit atom model. An effective potential derived from density functional theory calculation was utilized for the interfacial interaction between hexadecane and the tribo-surfaces. A quantitative surface parameterization was introduced to investigate the influence of surface properties on the structure, rheological properties, and tribological performance of the lubricant. The results show that although the wall-fluid attraction of hexadecane on pure iron surfaces is significantly stronger than …
The Role Of Festivals In Drought-Affected Australian Communities, Christopher R. Gibson, John Connell
The Role Of Festivals In Drought-Affected Australian Communities, Christopher R. Gibson, John Connell
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Event management research increasingly recognizes place embeddedness as critical to success. Less well understood is the significance of the festivals and events sector in places suffering from environmental crises. A major empirical survey of 480 festivals in rural Australia, conducted in 2008 at the height of the Millennium Drought, elucidates the role and significance of festivals under conditions of extreme environmental stress. It centers on a qualitative analysis of responses to open-ended questions on the impacts of that drought. Over 70% of participating festival and event managers indicated that their community had suffered from drought, while 43% cited drought as …
Urban Carbon Governance Experiments: The Role Of Australian Local Governments, Pauline M. Mcguirk, Robyn Dowling, Clare Brennan, Harriet Bulkeley
Urban Carbon Governance Experiments: The Role Of Australian Local Governments, Pauline M. Mcguirk, Robyn Dowling, Clare Brennan, Harriet Bulkeley
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Cities, and particularly urban local governments, are now widely recognised for their part in the complex, multilevel landscape of climate governance and carbon reduction. Nonetheless local government projects and initiatives are often framed as of limited value, outside the formal governance framework, and unable to contribute systematically. In contrast, this paper locates these initiatives as already part of the way in which governing climate and carbon is conducted and as governance experiments. We provide a descriptive analysis of these initiatives across Australia's capital cities, highlighting the domains, mechanisms, and partners through which they operate. We illustrate the enactment of experimentation …
The Role Of Pyrimidine And Water As Underlying Molecular Constituents For Describing Radiation Damage In Living Tissue: A Comparative Study, Martina C. Fuss, L Ellis-Gibbings, Darryl B. Jones, M J. Brunger, Francisco Blanco, A Muñoz, Paulo Limao-Vieira, Gustavo Garcia
The Role Of Pyrimidine And Water As Underlying Molecular Constituents For Describing Radiation Damage In Living Tissue: A Comparative Study, Martina C. Fuss, L Ellis-Gibbings, Darryl B. Jones, M J. Brunger, Francisco Blanco, A Muñoz, Paulo Limao-Vieira, Gustavo Garcia
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
Water is often used as the medium for characterizing the effects of radiation on living tissue. However, in this study, charged-particle track simulations are employed to quantify the induced physicochemical and potential biological implications when a primary ionising particle with energy 10 keV strikes a medium made up entirely of water or pyrimidine. Note that pyrimidine was chosen as the DNA/RNA bases cytosine, thymine, and uracil can be considered pyrimidine derivatives. This study aims to assess the influence of the choice of medium on the charged-particle transport, and identify how appropriate it is to use water as the default medium …
Walking Paths To And From A Goal Differ: On The Role Of Bearing Angle In The Formation Of Human Locomotion Paths, Manish Sreenivasa, Katja Mombaur, Jean-Paul Laumond
Walking Paths To And From A Goal Differ: On The Role Of Bearing Angle In The Formation Of Human Locomotion Paths, Manish Sreenivasa, Katja Mombaur, Jean-Paul Laumond
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B
The path that humans take while walking to a goal is the result of a cognitive process modulated by the perception of the environment and physiological constraints. The path shape and timing implicitly embeds aspects of the architecture behind this process. Here, locomotion paths were investigated during a simple task of walking to and from a goal, by looking at the evolution of the position of the human on a horizontal (x,y) plane. We found that the path while walking to a goal was not the same as that while returning from it. Forward-return paths were systematically separated by 0.5-1.9m, …
Reaching 'An Audience That You Would Never Dream Of Speaking To': Influential Public Health Researchers' Views On The Role Of News Media In Influencing Policy And Public Understanding, Simon Chapman, Abby Haynes, Gemma Derrick, Heidi Sturk, Wayne Hall, Alexis B. St George
Reaching 'An Audience That You Would Never Dream Of Speaking To': Influential Public Health Researchers' Views On The Role Of News Media In Influencing Policy And Public Understanding, Simon Chapman, Abby Haynes, Gemma Derrick, Heidi Sturk, Wayne Hall, Alexis B. St George
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
While governments and academic institutions urge researchers to engage with news media, traditional academic values of public disengagement have inhibited many from giving high priority to media activity. In this interview-based study, the authors report on the views about news media engagement and strategies used by 36 peer-voted leading Australian public health researchers in 6 fields. The authors consider their views about the role and importance of media in influencing policy, their reflections on effective or ineffective media communicators, and strategies used by these researchers about how to best retain their credibility and influence while engaging with the news media. …
We All Have A Role In Protecting Children: End The Silence On Abuse, Amy Conley Wright, Lynne M. Keevers
We All Have A Role In Protecting Children: End The Silence On Abuse, Amy Conley Wright, Lynne M. Keevers
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The recent string of major child sexual assault scandals, in Australia and other countries, can create a feeling of disgust and an urge to look away from an ugly reality. Yet we must confront and take collective responsibility for child protection by acknowledging that it happens every day and that we have to talk about it. Societal silence on child sexual abuse protects perpetrators and enables abuse to continue. Child sexual assault is a lot more common than we may think. The Australian Institute of Family Studies reported in 2013 that as many as one in six boys and one …
The Role Of Perceived Speed In Vection: Does Perceived Speed Modulate The Jitter And Oscillation Advantages?, Deborah Apthorp, Stephen Palmisano
The Role Of Perceived Speed In Vection: Does Perceived Speed Modulate The Jitter And Oscillation Advantages?, Deborah Apthorp, Stephen Palmisano
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Illusory self-motion ('vection') in depth is strongly enhanced when horizontal/vertical simulated viewpoint oscillation is added to optic flow inducing displays; a similar effect is found for simulated viewpoint jitter. The underlying cause of these oscillation and jitter advantages for vection is still unknown. Here we investigate the possibility that perceived speed of motion in depth (MID) plays a role. First, in a 2AFC procedure, we obtained MID speed PSEs for briefly presented (vertically oscillating and smooth) radial flow displays. Then we examined the strength, duration and onset latency of vection induced by oscillating and smooth radial flow displays matched either …
Nutrition And Pregnancy - What Role For The Midwife?, Jamila Arrish, Heather Yeatman, Moira Williamson
Nutrition And Pregnancy - What Role For The Midwife?, Jamila Arrish, Heather Yeatman, Moira Williamson
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Abstract of paper presented at the ICM 30th Triennial Congress - Midwives: Improving Women's Health Globally, 1-5 June 2014, Prague, Czech Republic
Late Cortical Plasticity In Motor And Auditory Cortex: Role Of Met-Allele In Bdnf Val66met Polymorphism, James T H Teo, Graham Bentley, Philip Lawrence, Fruzsina Soltesz, Sam Miller, David Wille, Simon Mchugh, Chris Dodds, Bai Lu, Rodney J. Croft, Edward T. Bullmore, Pradeep Nathan
Late Cortical Plasticity In Motor And Auditory Cortex: Role Of Met-Allele In Bdnf Val66met Polymorphism, James T H Teo, Graham Bentley, Philip Lawrence, Fruzsina Soltesz, Sam Miller, David Wille, Simon Mchugh, Chris Dodds, Bai Lu, Rodney J. Croft, Edward T. Bullmore, Pradeep Nathan
Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)
The brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism has been associated with abnormalities of synaptic plasticity in animal models, and abnormalities in motor cortical plasticity have also been described in humans using transcranial direct current stimulation. No study has yet been done on plasticity in non-motor regions, and the effect of two Met alleles (i.e. 'Met dose') is not well understood. We studied the effect of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on the after-effects of transcranial direct current stimulation and tetanic auditory stimulation in 65 subjects (23; Val66Val, 22; Val66Met and 20; Met66Met genotypes). In the first session, motor evoked potentials (MEP) …
Removal Of Pharmaceuticals, Steroid Hormones, Phytoestrogens, Uv-Filters, Industrial Chemicals And Pesticides By Trametes Versicolor: Role Of Biosorption And Biodegradation, Luong Nguyen, Faisal Ibney Hai, Shufan Yang, Jinguo Kang, Frederic Leusch, Felicity Roddick, William E. Price, Long D. Nghiem
Removal Of Pharmaceuticals, Steroid Hormones, Phytoestrogens, Uv-Filters, Industrial Chemicals And Pesticides By Trametes Versicolor: Role Of Biosorption And Biodegradation, Luong Nguyen, Faisal Ibney Hai, Shufan Yang, Jinguo Kang, Frederic Leusch, Felicity Roddick, William E. Price, Long D. Nghiem
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
This study reports the removal of 30 diverse trace organic contaminants (TrOC) by live (biosorption þ biodegradation), intracellular enzyme-inhibited and chemically inactivated (biosorption only) whole-cell preparations and the fungal extracellular enzyme extract (predominantly laccase) from Trametes versicolor (ATCC 7731). Because phenolic substrates are amenable to degradation by laccase, all 14 phenolic TrOC were readily biodegraded. On the other hand, only eight of the 16 non-phenolic TrOC were readily biodegraded while the removal of hydrophilic TrOC (log D < 3) was negligible. With the exception of diclofenac, no non-phenolic TrOC were degraded by the extracellular enzyme extract. The whole-cell culture showed considerably higher degradation of at least seven compounds, indicating the importance of biosorption and subsequent degradation by intracellular and/or mycelium associated enzymes. Improvement (20e90%) of enzymatic degradation of four phenolic and seven non-phenolic TrOC was achieved in the presence of a redox mediator. Compared with the whole-cell culture, mediator-amended extracellular extract achieved better removal of six TrOC, but lower removal of six others. A particular concern was the increased toxicity of the treated media when the redox-mediator was used. In addition to reporting the white-rot fungal removal of two UV filters, three phytoestrogens and a few other pharmaceutically active TrOC for the first time, this study provides unique insights into their removal mechanisms.
Small Field In-Air Output Factors: The Role Of Miniphantom Design And Dosimeter Type, Kirbie Warrener, Benjamin Hug, Paul Liu, Anna Ralston, Martin A. Ebert, David Mckenzie, Natalka Suchowerska
Small Field In-Air Output Factors: The Role Of Miniphantom Design And Dosimeter Type, Kirbie Warrener, Benjamin Hug, Paul Liu, Anna Ralston, Martin A. Ebert, David Mckenzie, Natalka Suchowerska
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
The commissioning of treatment planning systems and beam modeling requires measured input parameters. The measurement of relative output in-air, Sc is particularly difficult for small fields. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of miniphantom design and detector selection on measured Sc values for small fields and to validate the measurements against Monte Carlo simulations. Measurements were performed using brass caps (with sidewalls) or tops (no sidewalls) of varying heights and widths. The performance of two unshielded diodes (60012 and SFD), EBT2 radiochromic film, and a fiber optic dosimeter (FOD) were compared for fields defined by MLCs …
Improved Workflow Modelling Using Role Activity Diagram-Based Modelling With Application To A Radiology Service Case Study, Nagesh Shukla, John Keast, Darek Ceglarek
Improved Workflow Modelling Using Role Activity Diagram-Based Modelling With Application To A Radiology Service Case Study, Nagesh Shukla, John Keast, Darek Ceglarek
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
The modelling of complex workflows is an important problem-solving technique within healthcare settings. However, currently most of the workflow models use a simplified flow chart of patient flow obtained using on-site observations, groupbased debates and brainstorming sessions, together with historic patient data. This paper presents a systematic and semi-automatic methodology for knowledge acquisition with detailed process representation using sequential interviews of people in the key roles involved in the service delivery process. The proposed methodology allows the modelling of roles, interactions, actions, and decisions involved in the service delivery process. This approach is based on protocol generation and analysis techniques …
Role Of The Compaction Energy Level On The Small Strain Stiffness Of A Silty Sand Soil Subjected To Wetting And Drying, A Heitor, B Indraratna, C Rujikiatkamjorn
Role Of The Compaction Energy Level On The Small Strain Stiffness Of A Silty Sand Soil Subjected To Wetting And Drying, A Heitor, B Indraratna, C Rujikiatkamjorn
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
The dynamic properties of a soil are routinely quantified to describe its engineering behaviour under repeated loading. While the results of previous research studies indicate that the effect of changes in suction on the dynamic response is significant, only limited research has been engaged in the assessment of post-compacted changes in suction induced by cycles of wetting and drying. In this paper, aspects related to the dynamic properties with special reference to small strain shear modulus behaviour at different compaction energy levels are described and outlined. Particular emphasis is placed on the hysteric behaviour observed (i.e. amplitude of the hysteresis …
Impact Of Organic And Colloidal Fouling On Trace Organic Contaminant Rejection By Forward Osmosis: Role Of Initial Permeate Flux, Ming Xie, Long D. Nghiem, William E. Price, Menachem Elimelech
Impact Of Organic And Colloidal Fouling On Trace Organic Contaminant Rejection By Forward Osmosis: Role Of Initial Permeate Flux, Ming Xie, Long D. Nghiem, William E. Price, Menachem Elimelech
Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A
Fouling behaviour and its impact on the rejection of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) by forward osmosis (FO) were investigated.Membrane fouling was simulated using humic acid and colloidal particles asmodel foulants at different initial permeatewater fluxes.Water flux declinewas insignificant at an initial permeate flux of 9 L/m2h and the fouling layerwas loose and fluid-like. By contrast, thewater flux declinewas substantial at an initial permeate flux of 20 L/m2h, resulting in the formation of a compact fouling layer. Water flux recovery after physical cleaning for both humic acid and colloidal particle fouledmembraneswas consistently higher at an initial permeate flux of 9 L/m2h …