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Articles 61 - 85 of 85
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Fathers' Time Investments In Children: Do Sons Get More?, Kristin Mammen
Fathers' Time Investments In Children: Do Sons Get More?, Kristin Mammen
Publications and Research
Evidence suggests that, from birth, fathers treat sons differently than daughters in the U.S., as well as in developing countries. Fathers' time investments in children are one channel through which differential treatment by gender may affect children's outcomes. This paper uses data from the 2003 American Time Use Survey to explore three questions about paternal time in married two-parent families: Does the gender composition of his children affect the amount of time a father spends with them? If so, does the gender of the individual child have an additional effect? And is a girl advantaged or disadvantaged by the presence …
Renegotiating Gender And Class In The Berry Fields Of Michoacán, Mexico, Donna Chollett
Renegotiating Gender And Class In The Berry Fields Of Michoacán, Mexico, Donna Chollett
Anthropology Publications
This article examines the renegotiation of gender and class in a rural Mexican community where economic crisis in the sugar industry led foreign agribusinesses to promote blackberry and raspberry production for export and hire primarily women as berry pickers. Analysis focuses on the transition from a sugar economy where mostly men worked in the cane fields to non-traditional agricultural exports when women entered agricultural waged labor in unprecedented numbers. This restructuring of the regional economy raises important questions regarding the marginalization of differentiated subaltern groups and the nature of new sets of power relations between transnational agribusinesses, berry growers, and …
Diamonds In The Rubble: The Women Of Haiti—Institutions, Gender Equity, And Human Development In Haiti, Tonia Warnecke, Andrew Padgett
Diamonds In The Rubble: The Women Of Haiti—Institutions, Gender Equity, And Human Development In Haiti, Tonia Warnecke, Andrew Padgett
Student-Faculty Collaborative Research Publications
Although Haiti's 2010 earthquake brought to light the inconceivable poverty existing in the Western Hemisphere, Haiti's struggle for economic development long pre-dated that earthquake. One problem in Haiti is the high level of gender inequity, and we argue that human development theory is the best mode for change. We provide a brief background of Haiti's economic development over the last several decades, along with the status of women's rights and gender-differentiated socioeconomic outcomes. We analyze the ways that policy neglect of gender equity in Haiti has contributed to failed economic development in the past. Finally, we identify ways that other …
The Myth Of Endless Accumulation: A Feminist Inquiry Into Globalization, Growth, And Social Change, Martha Freymann Miser
The Myth Of Endless Accumulation: A Feminist Inquiry Into Globalization, Growth, And Social Change, Martha Freymann Miser
Antioch University Dissertations & Theses
This theoretical dissertation examines the concept of growth and its core assumption—that the continual accumulation of wealth is both socially wise and ecologically sustainable. The study challenges and offers alternatives to the myth of endless accumulation, suggesting new directions for leadership and social change. The central question posed in this inquiry: Can we craft a more ethical form of capitalism? To answer this question, the study examines conventional and critical globalization studies; feminist scholarship on standpoint, political economy, and power; and the Enlightenment notions of progress and modernism, drawing on a number of works, including Aristotle on the three intelligences, …
Factors Of Career Mobility In Egypt By Gender, May Gadallah
Factors Of Career Mobility In Egypt By Gender, May Gadallah
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This Population Council working paper describes the opportunity cost of women’s participation in the labor market in Egypt, a critical determinant of not only participating in the labor market, but also of continuing in it. The paper observes career mobility and job-to-job turnover by gender; it also looks at career development over a period of time and analyzes the impact of different factors on career development. The importance of the results increases with the privatization trend in the Egyptian economy. Findings show that 90 percent of women work in the public sector where career paths are similar regardless of gender; …
Women In China, Between Confucius And The Market, Tonia Warnecke, Alain Blanchard
Women In China, Between Confucius And The Market, Tonia Warnecke, Alain Blanchard
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Marital Status & Gender On Health Care Insurance Coverage In The United States, Jessica S. T. Kong
The Effects Of Marital Status & Gender On Health Care Insurance Coverage In The United States, Jessica S. T. Kong
Honors Projects
Having health insurance is a crucial factor for many to sustain life in America. This study examines the demographic determinants of health care coverage within the United States with a focus on how gender and marital status influence the likelihood of having health insurance. Using the human capital theory and the theory of statistical discrimination, it is predicted that married females will have a higher probability of being insured than divorced and separated females. Also, divorced males are predicted to have a higher probability of coverage than divorced females. The data for this research is retrieved from the United States …
Shaping Economic Practices In China’S Post-Command Economy Period: The Interaction Of Politics, Economics And Institutional Constraints, Tonia Warnecke, Alain Blanchard
Shaping Economic Practices In China’S Post-Command Economy Period: The Interaction Of Politics, Economics And Institutional Constraints, Tonia Warnecke, Alain Blanchard
Student-Faculty Collaborative Research Publications
Although much has been published on China's economic transition, less research has focused on how Chinese culture and the Communist political system have interacted to shape the new Chinese economy. In this paper, we argue that China's post-command economy period reflects not only the 'new' infusion of neo-liberal ideology into the country, but also the consistent filtering of economic practices through a historical and complex institutional arrangement of cultural and political norms. The tensions between neo-classical free market principles and the overarching authority of the Communist state explain the variety of institutional constraints on actual economic practices in China. While …
Loving The Longshot: Risk Taking With Skewed Gambles, Philip Grossman, Catherine Eckel
Loving The Longshot: Risk Taking With Skewed Gambles, Philip Grossman, Catherine Eckel
Economics Seminar Series
To examine the effect of increased skewness on risk taking, we conduct controlled laboratory experiments. Our instrument is an adaption of the Eckel and Grossman (2002, 2008) risk measure (with six gamble choices). The Eckel and Grossman measure is a simplest, easy to understand, exercise that gives sufficient heterogeneity in choices while at the same time minimizing errors. Its simplicity also makes it easy to adapt. The adapted gamble choices are designed to have the same expected payoffs and risk as the original gamble choices, but to exhibit increasing degrees of right skewness. The adapted instrument is used to address …
Critical Tax Theory: An Introduction, Anthony C. Infanti, Bridget J. Crawford
Critical Tax Theory: An Introduction, Anthony C. Infanti, Bridget J. Crawford
Book Chapters
Our book Critical Tax Theory: An Introduction (Cambridge University Press 2009) highlights and explains the major themes and methodologies of a group of scholars who challenge the traditional claim that tax law is neutral and unbiased. The contributors to this volume include pioneers in the field of critical tax theory, as well as key thinkers who have sustained and expanded the investigation into why the tax laws are the way they are and what impact tax laws have on historically disempowered groups. This volume will provide an accessible introduction to this new and growing body of scholarship. It will be …
Gender-Role Orientation As Determinant Of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, Mary Conway Dato-On, Stephen L. Mueller
Gender-Role Orientation As Determinant Of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, Mary Conway Dato-On, Stephen L. Mueller
Faculty Publications
Entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) is often included in entrepreneurial intentions models to explain why some individuals are more likely than others to become entrepreneurs. An unsettled question among researchers is whether ESE differs between men and women. While early studies seem to suggest that men have higher ESE than women, more recent studies are inconclusive. Lacking empirical support for gender differences in ESE compels researchers to look for other factors to explain variation in entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The present study confirms two recent studies finding no significant difference in ESE between men and women in a representative sample of MBA students. This …
Leadership And Gender: An Experiment, Mana Komai, Philip Grossman
Leadership And Gender: An Experiment, Mana Komai, Philip Grossman
Economics Faculty Working Papers
We present an information based model of leadership in a setting that exhibits the familiar problems of free riding and coordination failure. Leaders have superior information about the value of the project in hand and can send a costly signal to their uninformed followers to persuade them to cooperate in the project. Followers voluntarily choose whether or not to follow the better informed leader. We provide experimental evidence that, when the leaders’ gender is revealed to their followers, female subjects hesitate to lead (send a costly signal) while followers’ behavior does not indicate any gender discrimination. Such behavior is not …
Gender, Distribution, And Balance Of Payments Constrained Growth In Developing Countries, Stephanie Seguino
Gender, Distribution, And Balance Of Payments Constrained Growth In Developing Countries, Stephanie Seguino
PERI Working Papers
An unresolved debate in the development literature concerns the impact of gender inequality on economic growth. Previous studies have found that the effect varies, depending on the measure of inequality (wages or capabilities). This paper expands that discussion by considering both the short- and long-run, evaluating the effects of gender equality in two types of economies—semi-industrialized economies (SIEs) and low-income agricultural economies (LIAEs). Further, it incorporates the effect of gender equity on the balance of payments constraint to growth. These preliminary results suggest that gender equality is more likely to stimulate growth in LIAEs than in SIEs in both the …
Gender, Marriage, And Asset Accumulation In The United States, Lucie Schmidt, Purvi Sevak
Gender, Marriage, And Asset Accumulation In The United States, Lucie Schmidt, Purvi Sevak
Economics: Faculty Publications
Wealth accumulation has important implications for the relative well-being of households. This article describes how household wealth in the United States varies by gender and family type. Evidence is found of large differences in observed wealth between single-female-headed households and married couples. Although some of this gap reflects differences in observable characteristics correlated with gender and wealth - such as position in the life cycle, education, and family earnings - controlling for these characteristics reduces but does not eliminate the estimated wealth gap. The wealth holdings of single females in the US, controlling for these same characteristics, are also significantly …
Whose Money? Whose Time? A Nonparametric Approach To Modeling Time Spent On Housework, Sanjiv Gupta, Michael Ash
Whose Money? Whose Time? A Nonparametric Approach To Modeling Time Spent On Housework, Sanjiv Gupta, Michael Ash
Economics Department Working Paper Series
We argue that earlier quantitative research on the relationship between heterosexual partners’ earnings and time spent on housework has two basic flaws. First, it has focused on the effects of women’s shares of couples’ total earnings on their housework, and has not considered the simpler possibility of an association between women’s absolute earnings and housework. Consequently it has relied on unsupported theoretical restrictions in the modeling. We adopt a flexible, nonparametric approach that does not impose the polynomial specifications on the data that characterize the two dominant models of the relationship between earnings and housework, the “economic exchange” and “gender …
The "Duty" To Be A Rational Shareholder, David A. Hoffman
The "Duty" To Be A Rational Shareholder, David A. Hoffman
All Faculty Scholarship
How and when do courts determine that corporate disclosures are actionable under the federal securities laws? The applicable standard is materiality: would a (mythical) reasonable investor have considered a given disclosure important. As I establish through empirical and statistical testing of approximately 500 cases analyzing the materiality standard, judicial findings of immateriality are remarkably common, and have been stable over time. Materiality's scope results in the dismissal of a large number of claims, and creates a set of cases in which courts attempt to explain and defend their vision of who is, and is not, a reasonable investor. Thus, materiality …
Female Land Rights And Rural Household Incomes In Brazil, Paraguay And Peru, Carmen Diana Deere, Rosa Luz Durán, Merrilee Mardon, Tom Masterson
Female Land Rights And Rural Household Incomes In Brazil, Paraguay And Peru, Carmen Diana Deere, Rosa Luz Durán, Merrilee Mardon, Tom Masterson
Economics Department Working Paper Series
This paper explores the determinants of female land rights and their impact on household income levels among owner-operated farms in Brazil, Paraguay and Peru. Previous studies in Latin America suggest that the gender of the household head is not a significant predictor of household income, not unsurprising given the ambiguities with which self-declared headship is associated. We hypothesize that female land rights, by increasing women’s options, are a positive determinant of household income, but given the disadvantages that they face as farmers, that their land rights will more likely impact upon off-farm rather than farm income. Regression analysis indicates that …
Strivers And Underachievers: Effects On First Year College Grades And Retention, Heather M. O'Neill
Strivers And Underachievers: Effects On First Year College Grades And Retention, Heather M. O'Neill
Business and Economics Faculty Publications
In 1999, the Educational Testing Service created a Strivers Index where students who scored 200 points higher than expected on the SAT exam, based on their socioeconomic background, were called Strivers. Similarly, an Underachiever is a student who scores 200 below expected on the SAT. The presumption is that tagging a student as Striver or Underachiever will assist admissions offices in selecting the students. How Strivers and Underachievers perform in their first year academically and their college persistence patterns are examined in this paper.
Global Labor Standards: Their Impact And Implementation, James Heintz
Global Labor Standards: Their Impact And Implementation, James Heintz
PERI Working Papers
This paper reviews the critical issues concerning the establishment of a global system of labor standards. Global labor standards have gained a renewed prominence in policy debates with the rise of the new international division of labor, in which developing countries are producing an ever-increasing share of the world’s manufactured exports. This paper takes a close look at the research and theories that inform the current debates. In particular, it summarizes the arguments in support of global standards, evaluates the threat of unintended negative consequences, examines gender-specific issues relating to low-wage labor and informal employment, and discusses past and present …
Gender As An Impediment To Labor Market Success: Why Do Young Women Report Greater Harm?, Heather Antecol, Peter Kuhn
Gender As An Impediment To Labor Market Success: Why Do Young Women Report Greater Harm?, Heather Antecol, Peter Kuhn
CMC Faculty Publications and Research
Compared to older women, young female job seekers are more than three times as likely to report that their ability to find a good new job is compromised by their gender. This phenomenon cannot be statistically attributed to observed personal or job characteristics, or to any “objective” measure of discrimination. Further, women's reports of gender‐induced advantage, and men's reports of gender‐induced harm, are also more prevalent among the young. A possible interpretation of all these patterns is that young people are more likely to interpret a given departure from gender‐neutral treatment as causally affected by their gender.
First Year Versus Second Year Retention Of College Students: A Case Study, Heather M. O'Neill
First Year Versus Second Year Retention Of College Students: A Case Study, Heather M. O'Neill
Business and Economics Faculty Publications
Students and their families expend much time, effort and money researching which colleges or universities will best suit the students' needs. Simultaneously, institutions desire to find the cohort of students who will succeed at their schools. Recently, faced with more stringent economic constraints, schools are not only seeking students likely to succeed, but are more aware of the financial burden placed on schools if attrition is high. Since the cost of recruiting a class has risen over the years, the cost of losing students has increased. As a result, institutions are more interested in engaging in student retention studies to …
A Woman's Field Is Made At Night: Gendered Land Rights And Norms In Burkina Faso, Michael Kevane, Leslie C. Gray
A Woman's Field Is Made At Night: Gendered Land Rights And Norms In Burkina Faso, Michael Kevane, Leslie C. Gray
Economics
Gendered social norms and institutions are important determinants of agricultural activities in southwestern Burkina Faso. This paper argues that gendered land tenure, in particular, has effects on equity and efficiency. The usual view of women as holders of secondary, or indirect, rights to land must be supplemented by a more nuanced understanding of tenure. Women's rights are in fact considerably more complex than the simple right to fields from their husbands. First, women's rights to property obtained from men may be coupled with other rights and obligations. In many ethnic groups, women have share rights to the harvest of their …
(Review) Stewart Justman, The Autonomous Male Of Adam Smith, Spencer J. Pack
(Review) Stewart Justman, The Autonomous Male Of Adam Smith, Spencer J. Pack
Economics Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Understanding The Gender Gap: An Economic History Of American Women - Goldin, C.D., Nancy Folbre
Understanding The Gender Gap: An Economic History Of American Women - Goldin, C.D., Nancy Folbre
Economics Department Faculty Publications Series
No abstract provided.
Elderly Population Of Connecticut: 1970, The, Kenneth Hadden, William Clark, Douglas Crockett
Elderly Population Of Connecticut: 1970, The, Kenneth Hadden, William Clark, Douglas Crockett
Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station
No abstract provided.