Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Driving The Economy Home: What Matters Most To Northeast Ohio's Economy (Dashboard Of Economic Indicators 2011), Emily Garr, Ziona Austrian, Merissa Piazza

Ziona Austrian

This report describes trends which occur between 2007 and 2010, the most recent year for which data are available. The essay distinguishes between those that take place in the “recession period” (from the peak of the economic cycle in 2007 to the start of economic recovery in 2009) and the “recovery period” (from 2009 to 2010).

Economic Impact Of Jumpstart Inc. Portfolio And Client Companies, 2010, Ziona Austrian, Candice Clouse

Ziona Austrian

2010 economic impact of JumpStart Inc. Portfolio and Client Companies

Upstate New York Regional Analysis: Demographics, Economy, Entrepreneurship And Innovation, Ziona Austrian, Merissa Piazza, Eli Auerbach, Sunjoo Park, Joan Chase

Ziona Austrian

This report is associated with "Upstate New York Entrepreneurial Opportunity Survey Analysis"

Jumpstart Inc. Economic Impact And Contributions To Northeast Ohio, 2009, Ziona Austrian, Afia Yamoah

Ziona Austrian

No abstract provided.

Jumpstart Inc: Economic Impact On Northeast Ohio, Ziona Austrian

Ziona Austrian

This research note estimates the economic impact resulting from JumpStart Inc. investment in start-up companies in Northeast Ohio. JumpStart is a business development organization or, more specifically a venture-development organization that funds high-growth businesses and ideas, works with their founders to develop the businesses into venture-ready entities, and celebrates Northeast Ohio's early-stage company successes.

Upstate New York Entrepreneurial Opportunity Survey Analysis, Ziona Austrian, Merissa Piazza, Eli Auerbach, Sunjoo Park, Joan Chase

Ziona Austrian

This survey report is associated with "Upstate New York Regional Analysis: Demographics, Economy, entrepreneurship and Innovation"

Political Connections And Entrepreneurial Investment: Evidence From China’S Transition Economy, Wubiao Zhou

Wubiao Zhou

No abstract provided.

Entrepreneurship Education In The Research-Intensive Entrepreneurial University, Edward Feser

Edward J Feser

Knowledge commercialisation and commodification are important components of universities’ “Third Mission” to contribute to the development of their home regions by strengthening their engagement with the public, private, and third sectors. Entrepreneurship education programmes have tended to develop in parallel to such “entrepreneurial university” initiatives, rather than in intentional alignment with them. This is reflected in the research literature as well, where the analysis of the “entrepreneurial university” and studies of entrepreneurship education have little overlap. This paper examines the evolution of the entrepreneurship education initiative of a single research-intensive institution—the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom—and the ways …

Detroit Regional Analysis: Demographics, Economy, Entrepreneurship And Innovation, Merissa Piazza, Joan Chase, Chang-Shik Song, Elorm Tsegah, Ziona Austrian

Ziona Austrian

No abstract provided.

Minority Participation In Technology Based Growth Industries In Northeast Ohio, Merissa Piazza, Elorm Tsegah, Ziona Austrian, Ellen Cyran

Ziona Austrian

No abstract provided.

Economic Outlook 2010: Innovation, Connie I. Reimers-Hild

Connie I Reimers-Hild, PhD, CPC

This article discusses the importance of innovation to individuals and the overall economy.

The Civic Innovation Lab: Economic Impact, Ziona Austrian Ph.D.

Ziona Austrian

The services provided to entrepreneurs through funding and mentoring between 2004 and 2008 by the Civic Innovation Lab resulted in the following economic impacts for 2008: output impact of $9.4 million; employment impact of 128 jobs; income (household earnings) impact of $4.1 million; and a tax impact of 1.2 million ($454,000 in state and local and $734,000 in federal).

The Civic Innovation Lab: Economic Impact, Ziona Austrian Ph.D.

Ziona Austrian

The services provided to entrepreneurs through funding and mentoring between 2004 and 2008 by the Civic Innovation Lab resulted in the following economic impacts for 2008: output impact of $9.4 million; employment impact of 128 jobs; income (household earnings) impact of $4.1 million; and a tax impact of 1.2 million ($454,000 in state and local and $734,000 in federal).

Resource Wealth And Entrepreneurship: A Blessing Or A Curse?, Mohammad Reza Farzanegan

Prof. Dr. Mohammad Reza Farzanegan

Resource-rich countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) have the highest youth unemployment rate in the world. While other parts of the world are experiencing an increasing trend in new firms’ formation as a potential solution for their unemployment problem, the MENA region has the lowest records in new business establishments. In this study, we investigate the reasons behind such a significant lag of the resource-rich countries in entrepreneurship. Panel data for more than 80 countries from 2004-2009 shows that higher dependence on resource rents reduces entrepreneurship activities. The decline is more significant in countries with higher levels …

Getting An Early Start In Self-Employment, David T. Robinson

David T. Robinson

This paper studies the impact of adolescent work experience on adult self-employment. Using a novel data source, I find that respondents who run their own businesses as adolescents are three times more likely to be self-employed as an adult. This effect is strongest among children with self-employed parents: the impact of adolescent self-employment on adult self-employment is around seven times higher for the offspring of self-employed parents than for those who have wage-earning parents. These findings suggests that adolescent self-employment is a channel that transmits human capital from parents to children, thereby influencing the child's adult-life vocational choice.

Enabling Enterprise: Tackling The Barriers To Formalisation, Colin C. Williams

Colin C Williams

No abstract provided.

Regional Deregulation And Entrepreneurial Growth In China’S Transition Economy,, Wubiao Zhou

Wubiao Zhou

No abstract provided.

Evaluating The Nature Of The Relationship Between Informal Entrepreneurship And The Formal Economy In Rural Communities, Colin C. Williams

Colin C Williams

This paper evaluates critically the different theorizations of the nature of the relationship between informal entrepreneurship and the formal economy, which variously depict informal entrepreneurship as a leftover from a previous era, a survival practice for those excluded from the formal economy, and a complement or an alternative to participation in the formal economy. Reporting evidence from 350 face-to-face interviews in English rural communities, no single theorization is found to be universally applicable. Instead, all are shown to be valid in relation to different forms of informal entrepreneurship, and only by combining them is it feasible to achieve a finer-grained, …

Women Entrepreneurs In The Indian Informal Sector, Colin C. Williams

Colin C Williams

Purpose – Studies on women entrepreneurs either view women through a structuralist lens, as marginalised populations engaged in low-quality work, or through a neo-liberal lens, as engaged in relatively higher quality endeavour more as a rational choice. The aim of this paper is to evaluate critically these explanations in relation to women entrepreneurs in the informal sector in India. Design/methodology/approach – To evaluate the contrasting explanations of structuralist and new liberal approaches, questionnaire surveys were conducted in two phases, namely 2007 and 2010, over a period of several months. The sample design was stratified random and the sample was taken …

The Corporate Income Tax: An Entrepreneurial Perspective, Valerio Filoso

Valerio Filoso

While corporate income taxation is a major issue in the debate over international finance, economic theory has no clear stance on who bears its burden. On balance, economists seem still more prone to accept that taxing profits does not affect corporations’ outcomes. This paper makes three cases for non-neutrality. First, since corporate income taxation is asymmetric between profit and loss, the tax rate may change the ranking of alternative investments. Secondly, the imperfect observ- ability of the use of internal resources makes pure economic profits very difficult to detect. Thirdly, when the pervasive role of entrepreneurship is fully taken into …

Immigrants In The Informal Sector: Evidence From Africa (Short Note), Mohammad Amin

Mohammad Amin

A survey of informal businesses in Burkina Faso, Cameroons and Cape Verde shows that roughly half of the businesses are owned by immigrants. Systematic differences between immigrant-owned and native-owned businesses might be expected given that immigrants are usually a vulnerable group and take time to assimilate with the native community. While the survey shows some important differences between native and immigrant owners of businesses, there is no clear evidence that relative to natives, immigrants are either discriminated against, are less efficient or come from a relatively less privileged background. However, immigrants are more likely to be males, unmarried and migrate …

Spatial Variations In The Character Of Off-The-Books Entrepreneurship: Lessons From A Study Of Contrasting Districts In Moscow, Colin C. Williams

Colin C Williams

Although there is growing recognition that many entrepreneurs start-up trading partially or wholly off-the-books, few have evaluated whether the character of this hidden enterprise culture varies spatially. To begin to do so, this paper evaluates whether and how the nature of off-the-books entrepreneurship differs across an affluent, mixed and deprived district of Moscow. Drawing upon 313 face-to-face interviews, the finding is that wholly legitimate enterprises represent just the tip of the iceberg in Moscow. Beneath the surface in all the districts is a large hidden enterprise culture. However, off-the-books entrepreneurship in the affluent district is comprised more of registered businesses …

Entrepreneurship And The Informal Economy: An Overview, Colin C. Williams

Colin C Williams

In recent decades, the field of entrepreneurship studies has become increasingly interested in the relationship between entrepreneurship and the informal economy. This paper reviews this burgeoning sub-field of entrepreneurship studies that recognizes how entrepreneurs do not always conduct their business affairs wholly by the rulebook. Evaluating this rapidly growing body of literature, it reviews the findings regarding the preponderance of entrepreneurs to engage in the informal economy, the nature of such informal entrepreneurship, the characteristics of informal entrepreneurs and the motives underpinning participation in such endeavor, along with the competing theories that have sought to explain engagement in this type …

Explaining The Off-The-Books Enterprise Culture Of Ukraine: Reluctant Or Willing Entrepreneurship?, Colin C. Williams

Colin C Williams

In recent years, there has been a growing realisation that beyond the realm of legitimate entrepreneurship is a large hidden enterprise culture composed of entrepreneurs conducting some or all of their trade off-the-books. Until now, however, few have evaluated how many entrepreneurs start-up their ventures trading off-the-books and why they do so. Reporting face-to-face interviews conducted in Ukraine during 2005-06 with 331 entrepreneurs, the finding is not only that the vast majority (90%) operate partially or wholly off-the-books but also that they are not all driven by necessity and as a last resort and survival strategy into entrepreneurship. Revealing how …

Labor Productivity In The Informal Sector: Necessity Vs. Opportunity Firms, Mohammad Amin

Mohammad Amin

Differences between opportunity and necessity firms within the informal sector have long been debated. This paper revisits this debate using a new dataset of informal firms in three African countries. Focusing on average productivity of labor, a measure of firm efficiency, we find that it is much higher for opportunity compared with necessity firms. However, this difference between necessity and opportunity firms holds only within the sample of manufacturing firms. For firms in the service sector, there is no such difference.

[Data and Stata do files included]

Obstacles To Registering: Necessity Vs. Opportunity Entrepreneurs, Mohammad Amin

Mohammad Amin

Using a new dataset on informal or unregistered firms in three African countries, this paper identifies the type of firms or entrepreneurs that experience greater obstacles to registering. We find important differences between necessity and opportunity entrepreneurs. Averaged over six different obstacles, the severity of obstacles to registering is much higher for necessity compared with opportunity entrepreneurs. This finding appears to be driven by important obstacles including taxes that registered businesses have to pay, registration fees and information required to complete registration procedures. We argue that our results have important policy implications.

[Data and Stata do files included]

Necessity Vs. Opportunity Entrepreneurs In The Informal Sector (Short Note), Mohammad Amin

Mohammad Amin

Some informal businesses are started to take advantage of business opportunities (opportunity firms) while others are started because the owner cannot find a satisfactory job (necessity firms). Comparing opportunity vs. necessity informal firms, this note finds that opportunity firms are more efficient and larger. They are also more likely to use external finance, and suffer less from infrastructure bottlenecks such as power outages. The key point in all these differences is that they apply to the manufacturing sector alone. With the exception of having more educated managers and more businesses located outside than inside household premises, opportunity firms in the …

Innovation And Entrepreneurship In Latinamerican, Phd(C) José Luis Massón-Guerra

José Luis Massón Guerra, PhD

No abstract provided.

Measures Of Science & Technology In Ecuador, Phd(C) José Luis Massón Guerra

José Luis Massón Guerra, PhD(c)

One of the structural problems in Latin-American has been the lower innovative capacity and lower generation of economically exploitable knowledge. This phenomenon has been produced by the absence of government’s incentives and strategies in order to be competitive inside the Knowledge Based Economy. More concretely, political, institutional and social factors have contributed negatively within this reality. As a consequence, the knowledge generation in this region is insufficient not only to satisfy its necessities but also to be competitive in the global context. At difference, the developing regions have recognized the significance impact of Science and Technology (S&T) and Education in …

The Impact Of Entrepreneurship Capital On Spanish’S Labor Productivity And Economic Growth, Phd(C) José Luis Massón Guerra

José Luis Massón Guerra, PhD

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la relación que existe entre el capital empresarial y la productividad laboral (renta per cápita) en España. Para tal efecto, se utilizará el modelo de impactos del capital empresarial de Audretsch y Keilbach (2004a), que explica las variaciones de la renta per cápita, a partir de la propensión sectorial para crear nuevas empresas. Esta propensión es una medida del capital empresarial que se incorpora en una función de producción Cobb–Douglas (1928) con datos de panel de 75 sectores en un período de seis años, de la misma manera que los factores capital físico, …