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香港影視業勞工狀況終期研究報告2024, 嶺南大學政策研究院, 嶺南大學文化研究及發展中心, 嶺南大學「青年貧窮與就業」研究團隊, 潘毅, 梁仕池, 楊皓鋮, 蔡美琦, 鄧立賢 Jan 2024

香港影視業勞工狀況終期研究報告2024, 嶺南大學政策研究院, 嶺南大學文化研究及發展中心, 嶺南大學「青年貧窮與就業」研究團隊, 潘毅, 梁仕池, 楊皓鋮, 蔡美琦, 鄧立賢

CCRD Research Report

推動影視業發展是港府近年的文創政策重心。影視業較為人注目的是黃金年代後票房積弱和創作自由的議題;而銀幕背後,從業員的處境則容易被忽略。本研究報告兼用定量和定質的調查,深入淺出地分析本地投身電影、電視、廣告、網片等影像製作的從業員的勞動條件,探討不合理待遇的成因,並按研究結果提出政策及行業倡議。

本研究以問卷調查了212為從業員的工作狀況,與44名從業員進行深度訪談,得出以下主要發現:

1)影視業以自由工作者為主,他們的僱傭型態零散,普遍沒有明文及完整合約便要開工,並容易面臨拖糧和其他形式的剝削(詳見第5部分):

  • 影視從業員以自由工作者為主,缺乏保障,面對多種危脆性(見p.26)
  • 多數從業員開工前不會簽署正規協議(見p.35)
  • 業內實際工作協議的完整度,比從業員理想的完整度有很大落差(見p.38)
  • 行業零散度高,導致拖糧問題普遍(見p.47)
  • 從業員容易面臨壓價和被資方轉移商業風險(見p.53)

2)影視業的生態和文化令從業員面對不公的操作和「行規」亦難以改變。這些因素包括:行業以人脈為重、行內層級文化較強、從業員願意為創作犧牲待遇、行內較缺乏團結及行動意識(詳見第6部分):

  • 從業員極度依賴人脈接觸工作機會。遇到不合理待遇時,顧慮到自己形象和開罪前輩的可能性,很多人都會忍氣吞聲,避免被行家覺得麻煩、小器,導致不獲重用。這無疑是製造了灰色地帶,讓掌握工作機會的人士和單位可以刻薄對待和剝削勞工,而毋須被問責(見p.58)
  • 行內論資排輩的文化仍然存在,底層從業員要對前輩服從,表現出「肯捱」、願意「跟師傅學嘢」、甚至「任砌」等特質,難以反駁不合理要求,勞動尊嚴受損(見p.62)
  • 從業員對藝術創作抱有熱誠,在商業製作中亦未必完全以金錢衡量自己的付出,因此容易陷入甘願「自我犧牲」的心態,導致被剝削(見p.64)
  • 從業員若遇到不公平待遇,普遍不傾向團結行家一起尋求改變。主流的做法是在個人網絡傳播、私下聯絡對方追討、或放棄追究。多名受訪者歡迎行內發展出爭取權益導向的工會,惟他們認為現時並未有足夠條件推動(見p.65)

3)影視製作市道不佳,令製作預算壓縮,令長工時、職安意識不足問題亦更難有資源應對(詳見第7部分):

  • 拍攝現場有不少職安隱患,頗多從業員曾經歷或目睹工傷發生。從業員工時長、經常在疲勞狀態下工作;拍攝節奏趕急;現場未必有專業人員把關安全,僅靠經驗判斷安危等,都是造成職安隱患的原因(見p.77)
  • 從業員連續多日超時工作的情況非常嚴重。受訪從業員認為行內有必要對作息時間有合理的規範,不應犧牲從業員健康(見p.74)
  • 從業員認同需要專人負責監察片場安全,但對於如何實行並無共識(見p.81)
  • 從業員普遍認為政府對行業的支援資源不足、不到位,應邁向更開放、不以商業效益為主要考量的方向改善(見p.84)

基於研究結果,我們對香港影視行業及政府提出以下倡議(詳見第8部分):

保障自由工作者基本待遇(見p.87)

  • 業界引入標準合約,推廣開工前先簽訂完整協議的文化
  • 政府透過資助影像製作項目,推廣勞工友善措施
  • 業界規範工時,減低超時、高強度工作的情況

改善工作條件及職業安全(見p.89)

  • 業界和政府合作,設定適用於影視製作的職安課程、認證系統、作業指引
  • 政府改善職安執法
  • 從業員自我組織,維護及推動權益

支援業界發展(見p.92)

  • 政府改善資助制度,支援各規模、多元創作
  • 增加畢業生支援,輔助院校新晉人才與業界接軌


Sandurot Festival As Mugna : Exploring Modernity And Belonging Through The Civic Festival, Lady Flor Niñal Partosa Jan 2023

Sandurot Festival As Mugna : Exploring Modernity And Belonging Through The Civic Festival, Lady Flor Niñal Partosa

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

Focusing on the Sandurot Festival organized by the City of Dumaguete in the Philippines, my study explores the process of embodying local identity as site to actualize modernity. To highlight this collaborative, creative, and often contentious process, I put forward the concept of mugna (a Cebuano word which means to create) to examine how social actors (such as festival organizers, cultural workers, and artists) configure nodes of belonging to the time and space of the city by engaging with notions of tradition, authenticity, progress, and development. As Cultural Studies stresses the significance of radical contextuality, I examine in this project …


影視業勞工狀況中期研究報告2023, 嶺南大學政策研究院, 嶺南大學文化研究及發展中心, 嶺南大學「青年貧窮與就業」研究團隊, 鄧立賢, 蔡美琦, 楊皓鋮, 梁仕池, 潘毅 Jan 2023

影視業勞工狀況中期研究報告2023, 嶺南大學政策研究院, 嶺南大學文化研究及發展中心, 嶺南大學「青年貧窮與就業」研究團隊, 鄧立賢, 蔡美琦, 楊皓鋮, 梁仕池, 潘毅

CCRD Research Report

文化及創意產業是近年香港政府重點發展的產業,銳意將香港打造成「中外文化藝術交流中心」。然而文化及創意產業行內的運作模式、勞動條件和文化卻鮮有被研究。近期,業內發生了幾宗轟動的工業意外,備受社會關注。此外,媒體不時報導從業員被「拖糧」、長時間超時工作、行業前景受限等,反映需要深入研究創意產業勞工的工作狀態。在眾多的創意產業行業中,影視業的從業員人數較多,每年亦有大量畢業生投入市場,因此本研究報告集中討論影視行業的狀況。我們在今年四月至八月透過訪談接觸了30位從業員,訪問他們的入行經歷、勞動狀態、待遇等問題。另外在六月至八月,我們利用問卷調查了123名從業員,主要收集他們的接案協議及酬勞、工時及勞動強度、職業安全等數據。

研究發現

外判制度導致影視業工作普遍零散化、延遲支付酬勞(即「拖糧」)情況常見。問卷顯示,有42.3%回覆者表示在現時或上一份工作,開工前僅前有口頭或訊息協議,14.6%回覆者則在開工前沒有任何形式的協議。影視業的外判制度其來有自,經歷九十年代港產製作大幅萎縮,投資商須緊縮成本製作預算,改以承包及自由工作方式聘用勞工,導致從業員缺乏正式僱傭關係和相關勞工保障。零散化的勞動模式亦造成普遍的不合理待遇,包括「拖糧」、欠缺清晰的工作協議、內容修改和工時安排等。

影視業從業員的勞動強度普遍較高,過勞和工傷普遍,但甚少有適當處理。超過六成回覆者表示「頗多」或「經常」連續兩天工作12小時以上;76.4%回覆者表示試過或目睹工傷,不過,只有11.7%回覆者表示有向勞工處呈報工傷。

政策倡議

訂立從業員基本待遇守則。影視業應制訂標準合約以保障從業員的基本權益,包括明確的酬勞支付方式、日期、付款分期,以及具體的休息時間規定。在盡量減低各持份者的行政成本下,標準合約讓自由工作者享有合理保障。行業亦應規範每組拍攝之間的最短休息時間及每週休息日。政府應負起帶頭責任,規定受資助團體或個人必須以不亞於行業標準合約的待遇聘請製作人員。

訂立工業安全指引。業界組織、勞工團體和勞工處應盡快共同制定工業安全指引。勞工處應研究拍攝場地的安全隱患,參考現行法例和工作守則,製作適用的宣傳材料和訓練課程。確立工作守則後,勞工處可研究不同執法的可行性,例如要求呈報拍攝現場、巡查、鼓勵舉報不安全的拍攝環境等。勞工處應審視勞工法例,研究同時保障僱員、日薪從業員、自由工作者的工傷補償。另外,勞工處應積極研究將中暑和過勞納入工傷保障範圍。

政府須完善對影視業的資助。政府應完善電影發展資助階梯,並鼓勵影視製作人擴展到不同平台,開拓市場。同時須增加畢業生支援,並聯同業界和學界,研究影視製作的區域分工及香港影視界的比較優勢,並按此推行相關的教育、人才培訓和資助計劃,使香港影視業能在區域分工中突圍而出。


Subject Formation In Hong Kong’S “Alternative Communities”, 2010-2020, Chor See Chan Oct 2021

Subject Formation In Hong Kong’S “Alternative Communities”, 2010-2020, Chor See Chan

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

This research explores the history and development of the concept “community” in Hong Kong from the late colonial period to date, aiming to show the complex understanding of this ambiguous term. Responding to the (colonial) government’s invention of community as a means of control, there have been different types of bottom-up intervention that have sought to re-define the meaning of that concept. My research focuses on one of these attempts that emerged in the 2010s during the new social movements in Hong Kong. This attempt has been to create what I call “alternative communities”, in which members intentionally build communities …


Towards Satu Bangsa : A Reevaluation Of The Race-Based Narrative And Its Impact On Chinese Communities In Malaysia, Chun Lean Lim Sep 2021

Towards Satu Bangsa : A Reevaluation Of The Race-Based Narrative And Its Impact On Chinese Communities In Malaysia, Chun Lean Lim

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

Pakatan Harapan has terminated Barisan Nasional’s 61-year rule in Malaysia through the ballot box in the 2018 14th General Election (GE14) of Malaysia. The regime change did not happen overnight; it resulted from (a) the democratization progress in Malaysia over decades, (b) the exposure of corruption and crime related to top tier government officials, and (c) the changing political landscape of Malay political parties. Criticism from the people and its coalition and party overwhelmed Najib Razak and Barisan Nasional. On the other hand, Pakatan Harapan successfully incorporated all the opposition voices to vote against Najib’s regime, but the opposition front, …


Tracing The Roots Of Disjunction : Dutertismo And The Discourse Of Liberal Democracy In The Philippines, Kristine Marie Tayo Reynaldo Sep 2021

Tracing The Roots Of Disjunction : Dutertismo And The Discourse Of Liberal Democracy In The Philippines, Kristine Marie Tayo Reynaldo

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

This dissertation examines Dutertismo as an event in the context of what it put forwards as the problem-spaces of Philippine postcolonial modernity: nationalism, democracy, and development. Specifically, it investigates the substance of the contemporary disjunction between the discourse of liberal democracy, which often frames critiques of Dutertismo, and Philippine social experience. Its objective is to examine the underlying causes of the democratic "crisis" that Dutertismo represents, both material/structural and discursive/ideological.

“Dutertismo,” a populist political movement and discourse, is characterized by its subversion of the inherited norms and mores of Philippine society, and consolidation of popular support for a charismatic leader …


Negotiating Housing Precarity : Displacement And Homing Of Migrant-Tenants Under Urban Redevelopment In Hong Kong, Ka Wai Wu Jan 2021

Negotiating Housing Precarity : Displacement And Homing Of Migrant-Tenants Under Urban Redevelopment In Hong Kong, Ka Wai Wu

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

Urban displacement, one of the key issues of socio-spatial injustices, is often portrayed as a process of class restructuring and eliminating sense of place. Problematising the conventional understanding of local space as a static entity, this research foregrounds the experience of displacement of migrant-tenants living in the area of To Kwa Wan, a district in Hong Kong which still serves as the lowest rental market in the city as it is gradually subsumed into intensified private and government-initiated urban redevelopment in the last decade.

Drawing on the literature on displacement, mobility studies and critical home studies, this research explores how …


Cold War Intimacy Beyond The Taiwan Strait : Sexual Labour And Chinese Modernities In The Teahouse, I-Ting Chen Oct 2020

Cold War Intimacy Beyond The Taiwan Strait : Sexual Labour And Chinese Modernities In The Teahouse, I-Ting Chen

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

This research asks who the mainland Chinese hostesses are with regard to not only their sexual labour but also the ways the ambiguity of language, nationality, and history is manifested in their daily life, such as in using Japanese loanword “annada” (sweetheart) to call their clients and being seen as dalumei (the mainland little girl) despite their age and Taiwanese citizenship. What emotions and affects are at work when they sing a duet in both Mandarin and Minnanese with each other to express their feelings? How do we understand the sexual labour and women’s encounters in relation to not only …


Blurring Boundaries : Life And Work Of Young Middle-Class Women In Post-2000s Urban China, Lili Lin Jul 2020

Blurring Boundaries : Life And Work Of Young Middle-Class Women In Post-2000s Urban China, Lili Lin

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

The research concerns young middle-class women’s labor practices and experience in cultural and creative industries (CCI) and the formation of labouring subjectivity in the post-2000s urban China, based on text analysis and eight months of ethnographic fieldwork in Shanghai. Tracing women’s work histories throughout the twentieth century in urban China, it is apparent that women’s work has historically been prominently shaped by reproduction. Women have been positioned as flexible labour and are embodied in the contradiction between production and reproduction. Since the 2000s, a new round of reform has begun calling for ‘upgrading and transforming’ production that is ‘made in …


Conditions Of Enablement Of Sound Practices In Hong Kong And Manila, Dayang Magdalena Nirvana Tamanio Yraola Mar 2020

Conditions Of Enablement Of Sound Practices In Hong Kong And Manila, Dayang Magdalena Nirvana Tamanio Yraola

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

While sound practices in Hong Kong and Manila operate separately, they are interlinked by various factors that have enabled their practices, respectively. This research is a study of such connection. In particular, I claim that sound practices in Hong Kong and Manila share distinct characteristics that allow inter-referencing to be adopted as an effective tool in approaching the problem at hand. Sound practice for both Hong Kong and Manila is uniquely located in the interstices of music and art—a location where their distinct form, history, and ethics are entangled with those of music and art. I argue that this unique …


当代中国农村生态丶生计的文化批判 : 以山西"蒲韩社区" 为例, Xiaohui Yan Aug 2019

当代中国农村生态丶生计的文化批判 : 以山西"蒲韩社区" 为例, Xiaohui Yan

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

在发展主义语境下,农村常常被视为衰败和落后的地区,农村发展也多被看成由贫变富的经济化过程,尤其依赖对各种“生态资源”的开发。在这一过程中,人被塑造成将“资源”变成“资本”的主体,同时人自身也被当成某种资源,乡村社会似乎被裹挟。而当代乡村建设运动,即使提出各种创新或可持续发展策略,亦未能轻易摆脱上述发展逻辑,常常使运动自身陷入困境。

本研究以山西“蒲韩社区”为主要案例,借助Felix Guattari关于三生态(the three ecologies)的视野,尝试指出,思考当下中国乡村的发展问题,须跳出一般的环境保护和经济发展论述,以及以人为中心、理性主义的主体形而上学,引入生态哲学(ecosophy)思想,在更宏观的人类生存视野下开展主体性(subjectivity)生产领域的研究,尤其要重视无意识(unconscious)的层面,重新把握构成主体性的各种力量,在乡村社区的自我组织和生产中寻求不一样的应对危机的出路。

本文探索了“蒲韩社区”如何致力于生产去辖域化(deterritorialization)的主体性,脱离同质化的辖域和个人主义的束缚,让农民可以在日常生活的各个领域重新构建集体实践活动,通过再独特化(resingularization)应对生态和生计危机。在当前的生态问题以及经济发展主导的危机面前,农民群体既不完全是被压抑和被动,也不具有充分的自主创新空间;农村社区/集体作为一个组合体(assemblage),是在各种构件(components)关系变化中持续生成的,大气候有各种限制和辖域,自我组织的集体具有潜存(virtual)的抗衡空间,在压抑和抗衡的相互斗争中持续生产出不同的主体性。

本文认为,当代的乡村建设运动,应该以主体性的生产作为突破点,克服宏大论述,在农民具体生活的领域重新把握各种潜存关系和力量,让农民可以在重新构建集体实践活动中走向再独特化的生存之路。


漫長的八十年代 : 蔬菜、菜農與香港構成, Sze Chung Chow Mar 2019

漫長的八十年代 : 蔬菜、菜農與香港構成, Sze Chung Chow

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

流行說法與學術文獻裡,香港戰後農業發展得益於始自1946年的蔬菜統營系統,八十年代逐漸被國内進口菜打擊。無論同情與否,菜農都被描繪為受害/被動者,本研究嘗試超越這視角,提出殖民管治大計既無法馴化菜農,後者亦不能被簡化為内地進口菜的受害者。

借助文化研究的歷史知識論(historical epistemology,見Hall, 2003)、歷史資本主義(historical capitalism,見 Polanyi 1957 ; Braudel 1982)、社會史/庶民研究(social history/ subaltern studies,見 Guha 1997 ; Scott 2009)、行動者網絡理論(actor-network theory,見Latour 2005)等理論視野,本研究試圖開展以本地農業軌跡為本的批判進路,反思農業不斷重組的過程。

研究結果顯示:蔬菜業於殖民地年代並非馴服、被妥貼規管對象,業界積極在内地開設菜場,甚至一度可視為「中港融合」的「典範」,同時曝露出其限制。蔬菜業與市場競爭/發展並不矛盾,特大地理範圍裡的激進商品化,卻改寫了蔬菜、香港的性質與意義。

研究貢獻有三:首先為菜農及蔬菜提供了一種超越國族框架、發展主義的動態理解,補充香港研究、單一學科的狹隘視野;第二,文化研究、歷史資本主義、社會史/庶民研究、行動者網絡的交錯引用,與香港農業史對照和對話,亦豐富了這些潛藏互補可能性的理論傳統;第三,從庶民及蔬菜的角度,補充現存香港故事的某些空白。一方面鬆縛了關於農民及廣義香港人在論述上的被動性,另一方面攞脫人類中心的觀點,考察蔬菜的生產、消費、呈現、身份、規管等環節,如何局部地形構香港社會,及在更廣闊的尺度裡定位「香港」與其他地區的關係,提供一種將狹獈、簡化「本土」觀問題化的視角。

論文主要部份有五章,第一章介紹本研究所採用的方法,並闡釋有關的理論視野與本研究的相關之處及限制。第二章嘗試將新界「問題化」,指出「新界」與「内地」的區分,並非如官式文件般清晰和理所當然。第三章指出在政府統計數據裡「隱形」的農業部門,並不服務殖民地的國民經濟體系,有其自身邏輯與規律。第四章透過八十年代「毒菜心j的兩宗事件,重組所謂「香港農業式微」的社會及制度脈絡,並問題化「香港」和「内地」的對立。第五章分析近年成為本港「菜籃子」寧夏的供港菜場。筆者認為,與其說是「北進」,供港菜場自八十年代其實不斷向「北退」,是一個前境未見樂觀的「中港融合」故事。


在60、70年代之交香港文化雜誌的政治性視覺生產初覽, Kin Wah Lau Feb 2019

在60、70年代之交香港文化雜誌的政治性視覺生產初覽, Kin Wah Lau

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

香港社會在六、七十年代之交可算風起雲湧,先來六六、六七年兩場不同因由的騷動,接著又掀起了中文成為法定語文、保衛釣魚台等連串場的社會運動,及至反貪運動才稍告一段落。當時的文化雜誌不但投入關注,好些還會介入或參與運動。本研究選取了一九六六至七三年間,《大學生活》(1955-1971)、《盤古》(1967-78),以及《七O年代》(1970-76, 78)幾本各具代表性的雜誌作考察,追踪當時文化界出版物上的政治性視覺生產。

所謂「政治性視覺生產」(political visual production),意指視覺性元素與政治的連結發揮,將之應用在「文化雜誌」場域,主要指通過封面、插圖、排版等元素作視覺性的操作,介入社運或政治文化。文化雜誌作為印刷出版物,既是媒體,也是集合思想討論的平臺,當中接通的仝人網絡,更使其成為一個富政治性與視覺性交叉滲透誘因的文化實驗空間。

透過把雜誌中的政治性視覺生產置於社運的階段性發展來觀察,研究意圖呈示時代政治關鍵性的多重起承轉合如何與之扣連,同時微觀圖像生產遇上的美學政治。正視在香港這火紅的年代造就的政治性視覺生產,其實恰如同從去政治化的香港藝術史書寫中,試勾出被隱沒了的前衛藝術系譜,在探索其特質同時,更望能引動對於香港現當代藝術發展的認知作政治性的反思。


Heritagising The Everyday : The Case Of Muyuge, Cuiyan Wen Oct 2018

Heritagising The Everyday : The Case Of Muyuge, Cuiyan Wen

Lingnan Theses and Dissertations (MPhil & PhD)

Ever since the commencement of the new millennium, intangible cultural heritage, the cultural concept and campaign promoted by the UNESCO has rapidly spread the world. In China, thousands of traditional cultures and everyday practices have been absorbed into the intangible heritage system over the past decade, which is reshaping people's perception and engagement with everyday life and traditions. Intangible cultural heritage as an 'imported' concept has been highly localised and resituated in contemporary China. I seek to examine how intangible heritage as a prevalent cultural phenomenon incorporates everyday practices into regional and national narratives in China in light of the …


Learning To Be A Lesbian : Identity And Sexuality Formation Among Young Hong Kong Lesbians, Yuk Ying, Sonia Wong Aug 2017

Learning To Be A Lesbian : Identity And Sexuality Formation Among Young Hong Kong Lesbians, Yuk Ying, Sonia Wong

Theses & Dissertations

While the LGBT equal rights movements in Hong Kong have become increasingly visible and popular in recent years, and lesbians, when compared to homosexual male, seem to enjoy high visibility in the city’s public space and relevant safety from violent discrimination, their presence in the public sphere continue to be low. Writings by local queer activists and scholars such as Mary Kam Pui Wai (2001) and Denise Tang (2011) point out that instead of violent attacks, since the beginning of local LGBT activism, female have been facing systematic silencing and marginalizing within the community, their presence invisible, and their problems …


The Bakla And The Silver Screen : Queer Cinema In The Philippines, Michael Nuñez Inton Mar 2017

The Bakla And The Silver Screen : Queer Cinema In The Philippines, Michael Nuñez Inton

Theses & Dissertations

This study looks at representations of the bakla in Philippine cinema from 1954 to 2015. I argue that the bakla, a local gender category that incorporates ideas of male homosexuality, effeminacy, cross-dressing, and transgenderism, has become a central figure in Philippine cinema. I examine the films of Dolphy, the actor who was the first to popularize bakla roles in mainstream cinema, and I outline several tropes that create the bakla image in movies: “classical” kabaklaan (being bakla), which involves crossdressing, effeminacy, and being woman-hearted; the conversion trope, where the bakla stubbornly resists being forcibly masculinized by the men that surround …


The Discourse Of Ruination : Interrogating Urban Renewal In Hong Kong, Eun Soo Lee Sep 2016

The Discourse Of Ruination : Interrogating Urban Renewal In Hong Kong, Eun Soo Lee

Theses & Dissertations

As stated in the Urban Renewal Strategy (2011), “the problem of urban decay” has been identified as the major task of urban renewal in Hong Kong. Rows of densely packed, “dilapidated” tenement buildings constitute the imaginary of a declining urban landscape that, much like the squatter areas of the 1950s, are seen to pose threats to public health and to the “prestige” of Hong Kong. I propose the concept of the discourse of ruination as a way to interrogate and at the same time, de-naturalise the pervasive assumption of the problem of decay, which serves to rationalise and perpetuate the …


在不明不暗的虚妄中寻找青春 : 当代中国“80 后”非政府组织工作者的价值观和行为转变研究, Guoyuan Sun Aug 2016

在不明不暗的虚妄中寻找青春 : 当代中国“80 后”非政府组织工作者的价值观和行为转变研究, Guoyuan Sun

Theses & Dissertations

这是一个关于人的成长和转变的叙事研究。本研究的问题意识是:一方面,1990 年代以来,伴随着中国社会的进一步市场化,青年文化呈现出去政治化、物质主义、“小时代”的窄化的走向。越来越多的青年人希望进入“体制”,以求得社会认可、物质有保障之生活。但另一方面,1990 年代以来亦是中国民间非政府组织(NGO)迅速发展的时期,一小部分青年人选择在NGO 工作。然而,NGO 长期以来面临着公众的不理解、政府一定程度的漠视甚至猜测以及物质上的低回报。本研究正是希望进入NGO 工作者的生命故事,理解他们为何逆社会窄化的价值之流、选择在NGO 工作,形成了怎样的文化以及如何形成这一文化。另一方面,本研究亦希望向组织内部回观以批判性地分析NGO 携带的意识形态、操演等如何对工作者的价值观和行为产生不经意的影响,以期改造其身处之社会脉络。

因此,本研究试图回答的研究问题是:在1980 年代以来的社会脉络之下,“80 后”NGO 工作者如何与发展主义和“小时代”的青年文化、以及NGO 内部的文化与操作进行协商?形成了怎样的价值观和行为方式?

本研究通过叙事研究方法,深入理解10 位NGO 工作者的生命故事和日常实践。采取Dorothy Holland 等(1998)的形意世界(figured worlds)理论视角,本研究认为:一方面,NGO 工作者在参与NGO 的过程中增进了自我认识和成长,对社会发展有更深的理解和反思,并且形成一定的介入社会和公共生活的行动。另一方面,NGO 的操作中,可能带有缩窄批判思考和开放的学习多种思想资源的空间,缺乏对社会问题成因和解决方案的深入分析与公开论述,习惯性地以“主流”/“另类”二元简化的分析视角,这无益于NGO 工作者的成长,也可能阻碍NGO 对于社会和人的改造的工作。


「超越藍綠」、想像「中國」、參照「香港」下的台灣政治論述, Keng Liang Cheng Feb 2016

「超越藍綠」、想像「中國」、參照「香港」下的台灣政治論述, Keng Liang Cheng

Theses & Dissertations

本論文疏理台灣民主化過程中,訴諸「超越藍綠統獨」的「台灣」民主共同體形構及其「中國」想像。「超越藍綠」是分析對象,包括1980年代末以來國民黨與民進黨的「藍綠」政治論述,以及「超越藍綠」的社會運動論述,想像「中國」是分析當中台灣主體形構的「中國」想像,參照「香港」是以香港的「中國」想像為對照,並試圖回應「今日香港明日台灣」的說法。

本論文分為四章節:「中國統一」與「台灣獨立」、國民黨與民進黨的「藍綠統獨」、知識批判界與社會運動的「超越藍綠」,香港的「中國」想像。本論文指出,台灣國民黨的反共「中國統一」與反國民黨的「台灣獨立」意義,是訴諸他者「中國」的威脅,建構政治現代化的自我。在此論述下,國民黨與民進黨在國家認同與兩岸主張上,形成「藍綠統獨對立」的立場,但各自政治論述又共同召喚面對「中國」(中共)的政治與經濟危機想像,共構政治上捍衛台灣「主權-民主」完整與經濟上追求兩岸「經濟發展共榮」的共同體想像。社運與批判知識界的「超越藍綠」,雖然企圖超越藍綠民粹化的對立,並修補政黨輪替後民進黨執政的「民主創傷」,但隨著國民黨重新執政與強調兩岸共榮的中國政策/超越藍綠」接合「藍綠」的「中國」迫切焦慮,從解決內部「民主創傷」轉為「捍衛台灣民主」、對抗外部「中國因素」的政治修辭,藍綠政黨也挪用此修辭標榜自身優於對方政黨的正當性。「超越藍綠」成為消費性的符碼,陷入「藍綠統獨」的迴圈。香港的「中國」想像,則凸顯「中國」內在於香港人民基層歷史與日常生活中,有難以切割的距離,進而問題化「香港」與「中國」的對立指稱,是台灣重新想像「中國」的可能參照。

知識批判上,本論文疏理台灣「藍綠統獨對立」問題的「中國」論述,作為未來「中國」轉向的討論基礎。政治意義上,本論文反思政治「藍綠」到社會運動「超越藍綠」的民粹化困境。最後,本論文嘗試提出「人民」與「階級」的「第三方」,作為超克前述困境與「中國」想像侷限的未來方向。


Greed, Grief, A Gift. War-Traumatized Women And Contextualizing Expressive Arts Therapy, Sjoukje Marloes Van Houten Jan 2016

Greed, Grief, A Gift. War-Traumatized Women And Contextualizing Expressive Arts Therapy, Sjoukje Marloes Van Houten

Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation explores the universality of trauma-storing in the body and the need for contextualization when it comes to treatment. Of the two central themes addressed, the first is war-related trauma and the intersection of expressive arts therapy and South (East) Asia (Nepal and Hong Kong in particular) with its specific imagery, art, and culture, and to see how both feed into each another and can transform as a result. The question is how to locally sensitize expressive arts therapy, which has its roots in Europe and the United States, to the Hong Kong setting; more specifically, to working with …


Trash, A Curatorial : An Ethnographic And Visual Study Of Waste In Urban Hong Kong, Anneke Coppoolse Dec 2015

Trash, A Curatorial : An Ethnographic And Visual Study Of Waste In Urban Hong Kong, Anneke Coppoolse

Theses & Dissertations

This is an ethnography of waste in the streets of urban Hong Kong and a curatorial inquiry into the significance of its visuality. Presented in the form of a triptych, the dissertation probes and portrays fragments of urban life in Hong Kong, consequently opening up a new vista for intellectual and social engagement at the juncture of aesthetics, lived experiences, and power. While urban density provides for its equivalent in trash, much of Hong Kong’s refuse first lands in the streets. It is thereupon regulated to be rendered invisible through government organisation which corresponds with what Gay Hawkins (2007) calls …


Africans In Guangzhou : A Cultural Analysis Of Transnationality Amongst Africans On The Move, Roberto Carlos Castillo Bautista Mar 2015

Africans In Guangzhou : A Cultural Analysis Of Transnationality Amongst Africans On The Move, Roberto Carlos Castillo Bautista

Theses & Dissertations

Over the last three decades, the shifts brought about by the ‘rise of China’ as a key player in global capitalism have had implications in a myriad of places, practices and imaginations. One such implication can be seen in the decade long presence of an African population in the southern city of Guangzhou.

In this dissertation, I look into the dynamics informing this presence by focusing on transnational connections, relations and practices. I take up the call (coming from different fields in the Humanities and Social Sciences) for an analysis of transnationality grounded in the everyday experiences of individuals ‘on …


The Progression Of Political Censorship : Hong Kong Cinema From Colonial Rule To Chinese-Style Socialist Hegemony, Lai To, Herman Yau Feb 2015

The Progression Of Political Censorship : Hong Kong Cinema From Colonial Rule To Chinese-Style Socialist Hegemony, Lai To, Herman Yau

Theses & Dissertations

Censorship is an important cultural regulatory instrument for the government of a society, or even a state. In certain socio-political settings, it can become a powerful administrative appartus (dispositif) and technique (techne) designed to render society governable. Censorship decisions often embody hegemonic views on social and political issues. No matter how virtuous the original intent maybe, the practice of censorship is inevitably geared to the social tensions surrounding issues of human rights and political dissent. The theory behind film censorship may once have been benign but banning or cutting a movie always involves an unnatural set of procedures and actions. …


後Cepa 時期香港電影懷舊想像中的「本土」身份書寫, Dan Shen Sep 2014

後Cepa 時期香港電影懷舊想像中的「本土」身份書寫, Dan Shen

Theses & Dissertations

2003 年中國內地與香港簽訂《內地與香港關於建立更緊密經貿關係的安排》(Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement, 簡稱CEPA)。其中關於電影的條款放寬了香港電影進入內地的條件,加之龐大的市場需求,香港電影工業的跨境活動變得日益頻繁, 並開啟了新一輪的中港「合拍片」潮流。電影產業及其市場環境的轉變背後是更為深層的中港經濟、政治與文化的融合。香港從「九七」前後至今在新的政治空間及身份脈絡中不斷尋求「本土」位置顯得日益困難。電影作為流行文化文本和社會實踐曲折地表述「本土」、「自我」、「身份」,其中「懷舊」(nostalgia)便是近十年香港電影文化想像中一個顯著的憶述工具和路徑,亦即通過處理「過去」、歷史、集體記憶等來書寫「現在」的某種情感、經驗、欲望。

本論文以後CEPA 時期的香港電影為研究對象,檢閱以合拍片為主導的電影工業體制下,和香港近十年來文化政治脈絡中,不同類型、風格、主題,以及不同生產方式、製作規模、市場面向的香港電影懷舊想像與「本土」身份的互構關係。以及後CEPA 時代香港電影的懷舊想像與此前懷舊電影相比下的延續與新變。


Hidden Agenda? Cultural Policy In Hong Kong’S Urban Redevelopment, Tobias Zuser Sep 2014

Hidden Agenda? Cultural Policy In Hong Kong’S Urban Redevelopment, Tobias Zuser

Theses & Dissertations

For many years industrial buildings in Hong Kong have formed some of the city’s most vibrant cultural clusters by providing local artists with low-cost space to pursue their creative work. However, recent efforts by the government also targeted these areas for commercial revitalization. By 2020 the industrial part of Kwun Tong, a densely populated district in Kowloon East, will not only have been transformed into the city’s second Central Business District, but also seen the majority of the current cultural workers leaving due to the rapid valorisation of land. Nevertheless, these ongoing struggles over spatial power have also opened up …


重讀八、九十年代的「恐怖喜劇」: 殭屍電影與香港後殖民, Yee Man, Mandy Liu Jan 2014

重讀八、九十年代的「恐怖喜劇」: 殭屍電影與香港後殖民, Yee Man, Mandy Liu

Theses & Dissertations

八十年代是香港電影工業的「黃金時期」,電影的類型也可說是「百花齊放」,當中包括了一批以「殭屍vs. 道士」為結構的電影,並廣受歡迎,直到九十年代初衰落。本論文就是以這批電影為研究對象,先借助電影研究中的類型研究的框架,從體裁說明這批電影本身就能自成一個類型/次類型──「恐怖喜劇」,繼而集中分析殭屍和道士這兩個主要角色,並指出這批電影其實是呼應著香港後殖民處境複雜的中港關係。

本研究提出電影中的殭屍和道士都是來自中國的「他者」,而且帶有不同程度的「怪物 性」,因此形成了不同的「自我」與「他者」的權力結構和張力。本文借用了後殖民研究的「我──他」框架以及怪物研究的「怪物性」概念,進一步解讀殭屍和道士的獨特性。最後,本文提出整個類型其實是以香港為本位,透過「馴化」殭屍和「吸納」道士來處理不同「中國他者」所引起的情緒與張力,並在流行文化中實現了中港融和的幻想。


Eurocentrism, Modernity And Chinese Sociality : An Ethnographic Study Of Everyday Socio-Cultural Life In New-Millennium China, Tung Yi Kho Jan 2014

Eurocentrism, Modernity And Chinese Sociality : An Ethnographic Study Of Everyday Socio-Cultural Life In New-Millennium China, Tung Yi Kho

Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation seeks to contribute to our understanding of Eurocentrism, Modernity,and their impacts on traditional Chinese cultural formations. It is based on ethnographic research conducted in Shenzhen, South China and Qinghai, West China, and explores the impacts of Chinese modernization on everyday forms of sociality.

I conceive of Eurocentrism foremost as an Ontology, a mode-of-being grounded in a cosmology about the nature of reality and human being-and-becoming in the world. I argue that because Eurocentrism is an ontology predicated on materialism and individualism - “matter” being the basis of reality and the “individual”, the fundamental unit of society, respectively - …


屬靈戰爭與旅遊 : 一個短期宣教活動的個案研究, Lai Ieng Lau Jan 2013

屬靈戰爭與旅遊 : 一個短期宣教活動的個案研究, Lai Ieng Lau

Theses & Dissertations

本研究試圖描繪香港細胞小組教會網絡短宣參加者的歷程及屬靈體驗,指出他們在旅途內的所見所聞受到了特定的宗教論述及旅遊操作所形塑和建構,而在此脈絡下產生的屬靈經驗可能不再純粹是神秘的、超自然和非物質的力量,相反它是可預期的文化產物,甚至不是本真(authentic)的屬靈經驗。然而,這種被建構的宗教及屬靈視野選擇性地把某些社會文化或問題 (如貧窮、種族主義、色情和異教文化)簡約歸類為邪惡他者的陰謀和控制,巧妙地隱藏或迴避了問題背後複雜而糾結的社會、經濟、政治及文化張力;同時鞏固了基督徒的身份認同及基督教的優越感,並相信基督教的價值觀獲得超越而且凌駕一切文化的合法性,然後將短宣內的屬靈經驗視為經歷神的重要證據。

此研究亦有助我們反思全球靈恩運動(Global Pentecostalism)的擴張,全球靈恩運動是近年基督教內增長最迅速的宗教運動,以屬靈恩賜、屬靈戰爭及繁榮神學(Prosperity Gospel)為主要特徵。除了依賴龐大的宗教媒體和超級教會等意識形態機器宣傳外,透過細緻的旅遊操作、宗教論述及靈性實踐,使短宣成為全球靈恩運動擴張的途徑之一,甚至讓這場源自美國的宗教運動轉化成本土的宗教內容。


自我保護與 "另類" 實踐 : "雙向運動" 視野下的中國鄉村建設, Jiaen Pan Jan 2012

自我保護與 "另類" 實踐 : "雙向運動" 視野下的中國鄉村建設, Jiaen Pan

Theses & Dissertations

本論文希望把中國鄉村建設運動放置在更為複雜與動態的脈絡下,嘗試以一種有別于“成王敗寇”邏輯的敍述與視野,通過參與者獨特的視角,結合起微觀與宏觀層面,將具體實踐扣聯(articulate)到近代中國轉型的“百年激進”、“百年鄉村破壞”、“百年鄉建”這一主線中。以理解鄉村建設的生命力、深層意義與內在困境,並在此基礎上對已有各種“類型化”評價認識、“刻板化”參照座標及背後的“意義系統”進行梳理與反思。

為更好實現以上目的,筆者借助卡爾•波蘭尼“雙向運動”視野,但努力避免因生搬硬套而“削足適履”式的尋找或對應本土及“三農”領域的“雙向運動”,而是更多借鑒其“視野”上的啟示。希望通過該“視野”的幫助,讓筆者可以更好的探討那些被遮蔽與忽略的面向,進而解決困擾筆者的理論思考與現實實踐問題。同時,本論文結合了歷史與當代鄉村建設的各組案例,實踐所蘊含的複雜性與豐富性也希望可以推進筆者對“雙向運動”發生及運作機制所展開的討論。

正如標題所示,本論文希望從“自我保護”和“另類實踐”結合起來的角度重新理解鄉村建設的定位與特點及其與“主流”社會的複雜關係及互動。它們既是鄉村建設的主要意義,同時也決定其將一直面對著各種困境與矛盾張力。

本論文借鑒文化研究的思想資源及其對脈絡與扣聯的強調,希望以此打破“研究者-行動者”、“理論-實踐”的習慣性分割。同時希望能跳出一般分析所隱含“樂觀-悲觀”、“積極-消極”的二元框架,也挑戰將鄉村建設納入“效果論”、“好人好事說”和“效果論”這三種常見的類型化處理。故本文儘量避免事實羅列、簡單代言與一般辯護,而是呼應以個人參與鄉村建設的生命史,反觀其中的興奮、困惑、不甘、無奈等複雜情感與認識,除以此帶出對所存在社會基礎與宏觀環境的討論外,希望再次說明鄉村建設的動力與張力。


Chronotope And Regional Chinese Independent Films, Jingya Liu Jan 2010

Chronotope And Regional Chinese Independent Films, Jingya Liu

Theses & Dissertations

This thesis aims to re-categorize Chinese independent films from a region-based perspective as a critical response to existing literature on Chinese independent films. This thesis analyzes three independent films made in three different regions of China in order to investigate regional Chinese independent cinema as a recently rising phenomenon: respectively, Jia Zhangke’s Xiaowu (1997) made in Shanxi Province, Ying Liang’s Taking Father Home (Bei yazi de nanhai, 2006) in Sichuan Province, and Robin Weng’s Fujian Blue (Jinbi huihuang, 2007) in Fujian Province.

By using Bakhtin’s concept of chronotope (literally time-space) as the fundamental framework and exploring the many aspects of …