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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Counselor education (37)
- Supervision (10)
- Pedagogy (9)
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- Doctoral students (3)
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- Professional development (3)
- Signature pedagogies (3)
- Anti-racist training (2)
- COVID-19 (2)
- Clinical supervision (2)
- Content analysis (2)
- Counselor Preparation (2)
- Critical consciousness (2)
- Critical race theory (2)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 129
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Assessment Of Professional Counseling Dispositions: A Content Validity Analysis, Patrick R. Mullen, Jacob Joseph, Kaitlin Jones Hinchey, Morgan Walker, Jennifer Niles
Assessment Of Professional Counseling Dispositions: A Content Validity Analysis, Patrick R. Mullen, Jacob Joseph, Kaitlin Jones Hinchey, Morgan Walker, Jennifer Niles
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
Counselor educators evaluate the professional counseling dispositions of trainees throughout their development within training programs. There have been few consistent articulations of professional dispositions as many programs and measures define them differently. In our study, we developed the Assessment of Professional Counseling Dispositions (APCD) and performed a content validity study of the measure. Our findings provide evidence for the content validity of the APCD. We discuss these findings, their implications, and future research using the measure.
The Class Of 2019: Academic Employment Prospects For Counselor Education Doctoral Graduates, Christopher Lawrence, Gregory Hatchett
The Class Of 2019: Academic Employment Prospects For Counselor Education Doctoral Graduates, Christopher Lawrence, Gregory Hatchett
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the percentage of counselor education doctoral (CED) program graduates who attained faculty positions within two years of graduation and to compare the number of these graduates to the number of advertised faculty positions during this same timeframe. To do so, we used archival, publicly available data for graduates of CACREP-accredited CED programs during the 2018-2019 academic cycle (N = 314). Approximately two-fifths of these graduates had faculty positions. Graduation from a public university increased the odds of having any faculty post, whereas graduation from a public university and the Carnegie Classification of …
A Model Of Retention And Remediation For Online Counselor Education, Colleen M. Grunhaus, Matthew Lyons
A Model Of Retention And Remediation For Online Counselor Education, Colleen M. Grunhaus, Matthew Lyons
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
Online counseling programs experience unique retention and gatekeeping challenges. Increased isolation and personal adversities are common factors associated with attrition for online students; and broad-access admission policies of online counseling programs often lead to increased gatekeeping concerns postadmission. Counseling programs develop policies and procedures related to retention, remediation, and dismissal, but extant models of remediation do not also address student retention or the unique challenges of online counselor education. We present a model, The Retention and Remediation Model for Online Counselor Education, that demonstrates a comprehensive policy for retention, remediation, and dismissal in online counseling programs through a three-prong approach …
Professional Identity Development Of Black Doctoral Students In Counselor Education: A Reflexive Model, Olivia T. Ngadjui Phd, Elizabeth A. Doughty Horn
Professional Identity Development Of Black Doctoral Students In Counselor Education: A Reflexive Model, Olivia T. Ngadjui Phd, Elizabeth A. Doughty Horn
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
This grounded theory study comprised the perspectives of how past and current Black doctoral students formalized their professional identity in counselor education. Findings included reflexivity as a central theme within the internal process of Black doctoral students navigating counselor education programs and a model of professional identity development.
Relationships Of Empathy And Color-Blind Attitudes On Counseling Students’ Critical Consciousness, Bagmi Das, Maggie M. Parker, Sarah Litt
Relationships Of Empathy And Color-Blind Attitudes On Counseling Students’ Critical Consciousness, Bagmi Das, Maggie M. Parker, Sarah Litt
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
A critical piece of counselor education is enhancing counselors’ in training (CITs) multicultural competence. Concepts included in CIT cultural development include both developing empathy (Constantine, 2001) and dismantling color-blind racial attitudes` (Neville et al., 2013). Thus, this study presents multiple regression to explore the relationships between color blindness, empathy development, and critical consciousness of 166 counseling students. Results indicate that that empathy and color-blind attitudes have associations with some aspects of critical consciousness, but not sociopolitical participation. Implications for counselor education and directions for future research are discussed.
Social Justice Identity And Program Evaluation: A Pilot Study Of Cmhc Students, Heidi L. Henry
Social Justice Identity And Program Evaluation: A Pilot Study Of Cmhc Students, Heidi L. Henry
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
Program development and evaluation can be used to address historical inequities in mental health, but they are scarcely studied in counselor education. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine how taking one social-justice focused CMHC management course impacted 66 counseling students’ social justice identity and program evaluation understanding. Participating students completed a group program proposal focused on social justice and program evaluation. To assess change in their social justice attitudes, behaviors, and program evaluation understanding, they completed a demographic questionnaire, pre-test, and post-test. The results, derived from t-tests and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests, indicated a significant improvement from pre- …
"Use Of Clinical Mental Health Counseling Student And Client Recording In Practicum: An Overview Of Cacrep Training Programs In The Saces Region", Mona Gallo, Daniel Romero, Daniel Melear
"Use Of Clinical Mental Health Counseling Student And Client Recording In Practicum: An Overview Of Cacrep Training Programs In The Saces Region", Mona Gallo, Daniel Romero, Daniel Melear
Educational Psychology & Counseling Publications and Other Works
SACES CACREP accredited clinical mental health counseling practicum training handbooks were explored to discover the designated use of video recording and review during practicum. Results from an artifact review indicated a lack of standardization across programs. Implications for future research and clinical counseling programs practicum experiences are presented.
Social Wellness Of Counselor Education And Supervision Doctoral Students Before, During And After Covid-19, Alexandria Barnette
Social Wellness Of Counselor Education And Supervision Doctoral Students Before, During And After Covid-19, Alexandria Barnette
Doctoral Dissertations
Counselor education and supervision doctoral students (CESDS) comprise a unique population with oftentimes strenuous and competing roles that may impact their social wellness and feelings of connection and support. The arrival and continued presence of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic also heightened isolation and increased impediments to connection and support for many. Given some of the benefits of social wellness, research on recent CESDS experiences is timely. This two-manuscript dissertation begins with a literature review on the topic and ends with an empirical study to further knowledge on the experience of social wellness that CESDS had during their doctoral programs taking …
If Not Us, Then Who?: Qtbipoc Graduate Researchers’ Experiences Researching Qtbipoc Communities, Vardaan Dua
If Not Us, Then Who?: Qtbipoc Graduate Researchers’ Experiences Researching Qtbipoc Communities, Vardaan Dua
Masters Theses
Experiences of minority graduate student researchers, specifically graduate student researchers that identify as queer and/or trans and Black, Indigenous, and other People of Color (QTBIPOC) have been largely underrepresented in current scholarship. Utilizing reflexive thematic analysis and semi-structured interviews, in the current study we explored the experiences of 20 QTBIPOC graduate student researchers who conduct QTBIPOC research. Results revealed five thematic patterns, including: (a) recognizing, resisting, and reforming systemic oppression within academia; (b) encountering interpersonal oppression within academic contexts; (c) personal well-being and the role of QTBIPOC research; (d) relations among one’s personal identities and engagement in QTBIPOC research; and …
Students’ Perceptions Of Grades And Grade Inflation In Counselor Training, Daniel A. Decino, Phillip L. Waalkes, Steven Chesnut
Students’ Perceptions Of Grades And Grade Inflation In Counselor Training, Daniel A. Decino, Phillip L. Waalkes, Steven Chesnut
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
Previous scholars have suggested grade inflation has been in higher education for decades, may devalue high grade point averages, and blur important differences between qualified and unqualified job candidates. In counselor training programs, grade inflation may cause students to overestimate their abilities to handle challenging real-world situations, impede faculty evaluation practices, and promote unfavorable student learning environments. In this exploratory study, we surveyed 240 counseling students on their perceptions of their grades and their peers’ grades before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results suggest that students perceived their peers succeeded academically despite inappropriate and unethical behaviors, especially during the …
Mentorship In Counselor Education: A Scoping Review, Gideon Litherland, Gretchen Schulthes, Edward Ewe, Kaj Kayij-Wint, Kok-Mun Ng
Mentorship In Counselor Education: A Scoping Review, Gideon Litherland, Gretchen Schulthes, Edward Ewe, Kaj Kayij-Wint, Kok-Mun Ng
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
Mentorship has been widely lauded as meaningful for trainees in their professional development. To better understand the gaps in the scholarship of mentorship in counselor education, a scoping review was conducted to examine peer-reviewed research from 2005-2020. Results found eligible articles (n = 18) met the eligibility criteria. Implications from this study include improving conceptual rigor of mentorship outcomes in counselor education research, further investigating how underrepresented identities may benefit from mentorship, and tailoring mentorship interventions for the learning context and graduate level for counselor education students.
Teaching Trauma Theory And Practice In Counselor Education: A Multiple Case Study, Charmayne R. Adams, Casey A. Barrio Minton, Jennifer Hightower
Teaching Trauma Theory And Practice In Counselor Education: A Multiple Case Study, Charmayne R. Adams, Casey A. Barrio Minton, Jennifer Hightower
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
Teaching about trauma theory and practice is an integral part of counselor preparation. The purpose of this multiple case study was to understand how counselor educators (CEs) designed and facilitated significant learning experiences regarding trauma theory and practice. The researchers aimed to answer two research questions (1.) how do CEs choose which content to address in trauma courses and (2.) which teaching methods do CEs use to facilitate significant learning experiences in trauma courses? The study participants were three CEs teaching trauma courses in multiple formats (face-to-face, online, and hybrid) in CACREP programs. The results indicated that instructors faced unique …
Infusing Anarchist Pedagogy Into Counselor Education, Andrew Wood
Infusing Anarchist Pedagogy Into Counselor Education, Andrew Wood
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
Anarchist pedagogy has existed for well over 100 years, but little has been written on the subject within the counseling profession and the counselor education literature specifically. Anarchist pedagogy offers a direct relationship between education and social justice praxis that many counseling programs espouse, and thus the consideration of an explicitly political pedagogy may benefit the counselor education profession. This manuscript aims to provide a brief overview of anarchist pedagogy, how it fits into the work of counselor education, and how counselor educators can utilize anarchist pedagogy. Limitations for the infusion of anarchist pedagogy into counselor education and future areas …
Exploring The Relationship Between The Supervisory Alliance And The Development Of Reflexive Self-Awareness: A Mixed Methods Approach, Alexandre Brien, Réginald Savard, Cynthia Bilodeau, Patricia Dionne
Exploring The Relationship Between The Supervisory Alliance And The Development Of Reflexive Self-Awareness: A Mixed Methods Approach, Alexandre Brien, Réginald Savard, Cynthia Bilodeau, Patricia Dionne
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
The study used embedded design to explore the relationship between alliance and perceived change in reflexive self-awareness in graduate trainees following counseling and psychotherapy programs (n = 48). Linear regression analyses were used to measure the predictive value of alliance on the development of supervisees' reflexive awareness. Qualitative reflexive thematic analysis was also conducted on critical incident reports of supervisees who perceived low vs strong alliances to gain greater in-depth understanding of the quantitative data. Results showed that the alliance does not directly predict observed changes in reflexive awareness. While alliance was found to create favorable conditions to support the …
Experiences Of School Counseling Trainees In A Primary Care Integrated Behavioral Health Care Practicum, Kaprea Johnson, Krystal Clemons, Lauren Robins, Alexandra Gantt-Howrey, Afroze Shaikh, Heather A. Jones
Experiences Of School Counseling Trainees In A Primary Care Integrated Behavioral Health Care Practicum, Kaprea Johnson, Krystal Clemons, Lauren Robins, Alexandra Gantt-Howrey, Afroze Shaikh, Heather A. Jones
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
Youth integrated behavioral healthcare (IBH) is a preferred method of service delivery, and school system expertise on these teams is imperative. In this descriptive phenomenological study, we sought to understand the experiences of five school counseling practicum students (SCITs) engaged in IBH in an urban children's hospital. Phenomenological analysis resulted in five themes: (a) contributing school system knowledge, (b) expansion of professional identity through practical application, (c) collaborative interventions and techniques, (d) interprofessional supervision, and (e) program and setting challenges. Implications for counselor education and supervision, including IBH-specific training for SCITs, conclude.
Using The Five Ps: Conceptualizing Covid-19-Related Mental Health Concerns, Christine D. Gonzales-Wong, Scott Peters
Using The Five Ps: Conceptualizing Covid-19-Related Mental Health Concerns, Christine D. Gonzales-Wong, Scott Peters
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in rising mental health concerns. As individuals experience loneliness, anxiety, and depression related to the pandemic, counselors-in-training navigate their treatment of clients while also living through the pandemic and its polarization. The authors present the Five Ps, a case conceptualization model that supervisors can use to help beginning counselors consider the history and context of the presenting concerns of clients, in addition to utilizing clients’ strengths in treatment. The authors provide a case illustration using the Five Ps in a supervision setting and discuss implications for supervision and future research.
Juvenile Probation Officers’ Lived Experiences Of Collaboration With Clinical Mental Health Counselors: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis., Henrietta Gantt
Juvenile Probation Officers’ Lived Experiences Of Collaboration With Clinical Mental Health Counselors: An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis., Henrietta Gantt
Doctoral Dissertations
Juvenile offenders (JO) are at high-risk due to significant mental health challenges. We review the importance of collaboration between the mental health providers and juvenile justice system (JSS) and identify that more research regarding collaboration experiences between clinical mental health counselors (CMHC) and juvenile probation officers (JPO) would be beneficial. Using interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) we explored JPO’s lived experiences of collaborating with mental health professionals (MHP). The aim of the study was to unveil more nuance and description of collaboration efforts to better support JO. Our findings offer a systemic understanding of collaboration as well as the catalysts and …
Exploring Wellness Behaviors Following A Non-Death Loss Experience: A Structural Equation Model, Covington Hanley
Exploring Wellness Behaviors Following A Non-Death Loss Experience: A Structural Equation Model, Covington Hanley
Doctoral Dissertations
Loss and grief are inevitable aspects of the lifespan. Although non-death loss (NDL) is not a new phenomenon; it has recently entered the public knowledge. The first manuscript is a basic primer on NDL for counselors. I review the types of non-death loss experiences, grief responses, theories, and skills and processes utilized for clinical work with NDL. The second manuscript is the empirical study. In this study, I utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationship between reactions to non-death loss (loss of control, avoidant, positive) and wellness behaviors (physical, essential, social, creative, coping), as moderated by resilience. The …
Counselor Educators’ Engagement In Mental Health Services In Higher Education Institutions, Kristen Anne Carlosh
Counselor Educators’ Engagement In Mental Health Services In Higher Education Institutions, Kristen Anne Carlosh
Doctoral Dissertations
In campuses across the U.S., and especially in the wake of the global pandemic, concern for student mental health is increasing. Descriptions of disparity between service provision and demand are making national headlines, as reports of student depression, anxiety, substance use, and suicidality rise. Additionally, several marginalized groups, among them: racial, ethnic, and cultural minorities, continue to have mental health needs that go unaddressed and unmet. As the future workforce of the world, students’ mental health support remains a crucial priority. This is not to discount the wealth of campus resources that exist, but merely to advocate for the need …
Assessing The Landscape Of Relationship Help And A Pilot Adaptation Of Relationship Checkups For Christian Churches, Adam W. York
Assessing The Landscape Of Relationship Help And A Pilot Adaptation Of Relationship Checkups For Christian Churches, Adam W. York
Doctoral Dissertations
The health and stability of adult romantic relationships and the health of a society are deeply intertwined. This two-part dissertation aims to highlight the potential to bridge the gap between effective interventions and couples who need them most. The first section reviews the literature concerning relationship health, relationship help-seeking, and relationship assistance. A few important findings are revealed. Effective relationship help exists. People often do not seek help for their relationship. When people do seek help for their relationship, the methods they seek have varying degrees of effectiveness. People prominently seek religiously mediated help for their relationship. These findings led …
Saudi Women's Abuse And Help-Seeking Experiences: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis, Shahad Ahmed Subiani
Saudi Women's Abuse And Help-Seeking Experiences: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis, Shahad Ahmed Subiani
Doctoral Dissertations
In 2013 the Saudi government established the Protection from Abuse Act, which made domestic violence (DV) a crime, as well as outlined the responsibilities of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development in providing reporting mechanisms. These and more societal shifts, along with the creation of the governmental family protection units (FPUs), set the stage for greater recognition of DV and more women seeking help. Though public opinion is slowly changing, DV in Saudi Arabia is still largely perceived as a private family matter (Alhabib et al., 2010). Guided by the help-seeking and change model (Liang et al., 2005), …
Problems Of Professional Competencies And Pre-Licensed Counselors: Licensure Supervisors’ View Of Critical Incidents, Jennifer Moralejo
Problems Of Professional Competencies And Pre-Licensed Counselors: Licensure Supervisors’ View Of Critical Incidents, Jennifer Moralejo
Doctoral Dissertations
Problems of professional competencies (PPC) and remediation have grown in awareness in the counseling profession and within the literature. Counselor education programs adopt guidelines from their accrediting bodies to identify, evaluate, and remediate PPC exhibited by counseling students. The literature indicates that students are still entering the professional field without proper remediation and are seeking licensure through licensure supervision. Manuscript one includes a review of literature regarding PPC in context of licensure supervision. The literature indicates lack of structure within licensure supervision, reports of inadequate and harmful supervision, issues of non-disclosure, and lack of observation of pre-licensure counselors’ clinical skills …
The Predictability Of Grit On Counselor Educators’ Competencies And Publications, Mary K. Depue, Jacqueline M. Swank, Jo Lauren Weaver, Ren Liu
The Predictability Of Grit On Counselor Educators’ Competencies And Publications, Mary K. Depue, Jacqueline M. Swank, Jo Lauren Weaver, Ren Liu
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
Counselor educators are expected to engage in research and mentor doctoral students, highlighting the importance of competency in both areas. Grit predicts positive work outcomes, and we found no studies on grit in relation to counselor educator success measures. We wanted to understand the role of grit in counselor education productivity levels and necessary competencies. We recruited counselor educators at CACREP-accredited institutions with doctoral programs. We hypothesized that grit would predict both mentoring competencies and publication rates, mediated by research competencies. We tested a model with counselor educators (N = 110) and found that the relationship between grit, as measured …
Bilingual Counseling Students Developing Cultural And Language Competence In Mexico, Claudia G. Interiano-Shiverdecker, Derek Robertson, Sofia Santillan, Mica Stumpf
Bilingual Counseling Students Developing Cultural And Language Competence In Mexico, Claudia G. Interiano-Shiverdecker, Derek Robertson, Sofia Santillan, Mica Stumpf
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
Scholars have recently called for a greater research focus on bilingual counselor education and training. This study aims to explore the impact and development of study abroad immersion experiences on Latine bilingual counseling students. This study used transcendental phenomenological research to explore the lived experiences of bilingual counselors (N = 7) during a two-week study abroad program in Oaxaca. Participants comprised master’s and doctoral level students at a CACREP-accredited program who identified as Latine, Spanish-speakers. Through individual interviews, we discovered three themes from the data: (a) personal and professional connection to the study abroad program, (b) developing cultural competence through …
The Intentional Andragogy Model: A Teaching Framework For Counselor Educators, Phillip L. Waalkes, Paul H. Smith, Daniel Hall
The Intentional Andragogy Model: A Teaching Framework For Counselor Educators, Phillip L. Waalkes, Paul H. Smith, Daniel Hall
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
Counselor education programs can help support doctoral students in developing teaching philosophies. Yet, limited guidance exists about how counselor educators can help doctoral students integrate andragogies into their teaching philosophy statements. Overlooking andragogy may impede educators from deepening their philosophical beliefs and teaching with authenticity and intentionality. Therefore, we offer the Intentional Andragogy Model (IAM), a process-oriented reimagining of Halbur and Halbur’s Intentional Theory Selection model (ITSM). Counselor educators-in-training can follow this scaffolded step-by-step process to write teaching philosophy statements rooted in their life philosophies and their unique contexts. This model can help counselor educators-in-training root their teaching philosophy statements …
Anti-Racist Considerations For Teaching Cacrep Assessment And Diagnosis Courses, Haley R. Ault, Henrietta S. Gantt, Casey A. Barrio Minton
Anti-Racist Considerations For Teaching Cacrep Assessment And Diagnosis Courses, Haley R. Ault, Henrietta S. Gantt, Casey A. Barrio Minton
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
Professional counselors must act as anti-racist social justice advocates throughout the counseling relationship, including assessment, diagnosis, and treatment planning. Due to internalized racism and inappropriate instruments, assessment and diagnosis are two critical areas where marginalized populations have historically experienced misdiagnosis and pathologizing impacting overall client care and wellbeing. Inappropriate instruments, inadequate training, and counselor bias have profound impacts on access to treatment and resources for individuals holding marginalized racial identities. Although the call for anti-racist counseling is clear, the profession is still unclear on how to teach these concepts to counselor trainees. Counselor educators must be intentional about incorporating anti-racist …
Practicum & Internship Coordinators’ Experiences Amid Covid-19 Emergency Remote Teaching, Alexander T. Becnel, Sarah Irvin, Theodore Remley
Practicum & Internship Coordinators’ Experiences Amid Covid-19 Emergency Remote Teaching, Alexander T. Becnel, Sarah Irvin, Theodore Remley
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
Although recent literature addresses online pedagogy and online counselor education, few articles address the challenges faced by counselor educators during emergency remote teaching, an unplanned and unanticipated switch from in-person education to online education. To address this gap, we conducted a phenomenological study of the lived experiences of practicum and internship coordinators (N = 8) during the emergency remote teaching phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Five themes emerged: (a) uncertainty, (b) adaptation to leadership, (c) changes to student experience, (d) personal support, and (e) readiness. Implications for counselor educators and supervisors are addressed.
Basic Needs Adversities Among Counselors In Training: A Cluster Analysis, Jamie E. Crockett, Nathaniel N. Ivers
Basic Needs Adversities Among Counselors In Training: A Cluster Analysis, Jamie E. Crockett, Nathaniel N. Ivers
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
During the intersection of COVID-19 with ongoing identity-based injustices in the US, Counselors-in-Training (CITs) experience unprecedented challenges including new or exacerbated basic needs insecurity. In this descriptive study, the authors examined Basic Needs Adversities (BNA) in a national sample of CITs (n = 233) during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors used cluster analysis to investigate CITs reported BNAs and identified four subgroups of participants based on similarities and dissimilarities in the number and type of BNAs endorsed. The authors discuss implications for training and supervision with a focus on social justice in counselor education.
Practicum Student Counselor Identity Development Through The Covid-19 Pandemic, Joy Teles Oliveira, Sarah A. Silveus
Practicum Student Counselor Identity Development Through The Covid-19 Pandemic, Joy Teles Oliveira, Sarah A. Silveus
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
The process of developing a counselor identity is a complex task, and it starts as early as when a student first enrolls in a Master’s program. Within the events surrounding COVID-19, limited information is known about how that experience might have affected counseling students' professional identity development. Through Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis, we explored the counselor identity development process of Master’s-level counseling practicum students (n=6) during the events of the COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging themes indicated that students' experiences throughout the pandemic had a unique influence on their conceptualization of the practicum experience. Findings illustrated that these events slowed some aspects of …
The Impact Of Supervisor Servant Leadership On Counselor Supervisee Burnout And Secondary Traumatic Stress, Colleen M. Grunhaus, Thomas J. Ward, Victor E. Tuazon, Kristal James
The Impact Of Supervisor Servant Leadership On Counselor Supervisee Burnout And Secondary Traumatic Stress, Colleen M. Grunhaus, Thomas J. Ward, Victor E. Tuazon, Kristal James
Teaching and Supervision in Counseling
This study investigates the prediction of supervisee burnout and secondary traumatic stress by perceived supervisor servant leadership. Authors hypothesized that the servant leadership of supervisors would predict diminished burnout and secondary traumatic stress of supervisees. A sample of 241 counseling supervisees participated in the cross-sectional study and completed instruments measuring burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and perceived servant leadership of their direct supervisors. Data were analyzed with two simple linear regressions, and a one-way MANOVA was performed to determine if supervisee burnout, supervisee secondary traumatic stress, and perceived servant leadership of supervisors differed significantly according to supervisor type (i.e., clinical, administrative, …