Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Challenge Of Measuring Traditional And Digital Audiences In A Global Market, Jorge Gallardo-Camacho, César García, Belén Puebla-Martínez

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Arts and Humanities

This monograph titled Audiences and new forms of broadcast: linear, on-demand, streaming and/or social has five articles that represent the complexity of the phenomenon of audiences across fields and from different perspectives: Traditional television consumption, viewing of Netflix, the social audience of video platforms, the new tastes of viewers for vertical formats driven by mobile phones, and the relationship of influencers with their audiences. This number raises the problem of audience measurement, quantification, and comparison in the new digital age. The measurement of audiovisual audiences faces the problem of the lack of a measurement system accepted in all regions and …

Challenging Hegemony And Power In The Sixteenth Century: The Discourse Of Voluntary Servitude As Antecedent Of Critical Public Relations Theory, César García

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Arts and Humanities

This article applies La Boétie’s concept of voluntary servitude to public relations historiography through a historic-critical analysis. Written in the same Renaissance era than other early history books of the history of public relations such as Machiavelli’s The Prince, The discourse of voluntary servitude (1552-1553) reveals to the publics the power that would lie in their refusal to engage with the authority (or in other words, the state, the prince or the monarch). The result is that, through a postmodern approach of emphasizing dissensus, the concept of voluntary servitude and its encouragement of activism and passive resistance can be considered …

What Do You Meme? An Analysis Of How College Students At Central Washington University Use Memes, Skyler Smith

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Memes have become a key part of modern living on the Internet. However, it is still unclear who is creating, sharing and interacting with memes. This study examines meme use in college students at Central Washington University while also examining the definition of a meme within the population. Data were collected via questionnaire and interviews resulting in 14 responses and 18 total interviews conducted with 6 participants. Analysis suggests that college students use memes as an important component of private conversations and to reiterate their public identities. On the other hand, meme making is not as prevalent as other types …

An Inside Look Into Event Planning, Anastasia Goebel

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This paper will summarize the planning process, methods, and results of a local Ellensburg, Washington event and student project, “Mickey’s Countdown to Christmas.” This event was a fundraiser taking place during the holiday season, where the goal was to raise money for the Ellensburg High School Band (EHS). The EHS Band takes a biannual educational trip to The Disneyland Resort, and as over 100 kids want to go in the year 2020, it has become an expensive endeavor. The hope for the fundraiser was to raise some extra money that could be deposited directly into student accounts, so that more …

Exploring Online Art: Youtube, Libby Akin

Symposium Of University Research and Creative Expression (SOURCE)

Social media has become a predominant feature in contemporary culture and it is increasingly important that scholars assess the impact and implications of its many facets. As online sharing tools like YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, and others, continue to evolve, so does the way we interact with, and manipulate, these platforms – as complex tools, allowing us to freely share, create, and connect with one another. Current scholarly analysis of social media platforms, internet communities, and online content creation fails to include the perspective of the younger generation who grew up heavily influenced by social media content. While there is ample …

Achievements And Limits Of Strategic Communication For Nation-Building: The Case Of Spain’S Catalan Region (1979-2017), César García

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Arts and Humanities

This paper explores the use of strategic communication for nation building purposes in Catalonia after the approval of the Second Statute of Autonomy in 1979. During this period, the Generalitat de Catalunya, Catalonia’s self-government political organization, has used the high degree of autonomy in a number of areas involving culture, communications or education, among others, to enhance a Catalan identity opposed to the Spanish identity. Soft power approaches – mainly the promotion of Catalan language, culture, sports and symbols – and the implementation of linguistic laws have resulted in a positive climate of opinion concerning an inclusive Catalan identity in …

The Power Of Myths And Storytelling In Nation Building: The Campaign For The Independence Of Catalonia From Spain (2012-2015), César García

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Arts and Humanities

Background There is no nation without its origin story. The recent success of the Catalan campaign for independence (2012–2015) can be explained by a strong capacity to build and convey a story capable of informing, persuading, and eliciting emotional responses from Catalans and other Spaniards.

Analysis The recent Catalan nationalism narrative has been forged by updating the foundational myths of Catalan nationalism through four main plots—quest, escape, revenge, and transformation—that with a pragmatic character have been able to integrate current affairs into the old myths.

Conclusion and implications This article explores the elements of the new Catalan nationalism narrative by …

Single And Pair Housed Chacma Baboons’ (Papio Ursinus) Response To Caregivers’ Use Of Species-Specific Behavior, Josefine Holm

All Master's Theses

Most captive primates suffer from stereotypical or abnormal behavior which can be reduced by implementing enrichment protocols. There is, however, often spatial or economic limitations to facilities’ enrichment programs, and implementing the most beneficial and cost-effective enrichment is therefore crucial to ensure the best welfare for captive primates. Social enrichment has been designated as the most effective type of enrichment, but often captive primates cannot be housed in social groups. Through this study, I wanted to determine if species-specific behavioral interactions between human caregivers and captive chacma baboons (Papio ursinus)would alter the baboons’ behaviors, and if these interactions could …

Residential Solar In Washington State, Sam Pfeifer

All Master's Theses

Electricity generated through residential solar provides a low carbon source of electricity. However, diffusion of residential solar remains low across the United States. Growing this diffusion takes an understanding of localized uptake trends, which can focus policy and business efforts to help increase residential solar market penetration. This is the first research to investigate residential solar uptake in Washington State and to examine environmental education as a potential driver of residential solar uptake. Through a snapshot analysis which considers environmental, economic, education, and cultural variables the present research fills this gap. Triangulated results include mapping of variables, ordinary-least squares multiple …

De-Westernizing Public Relations: A Comparative Analysis Of Culture And Economics Structure In China And Mexico, César García

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Arts and Humanities

The main purpose of this article is to challenge the normative ideal of public relations, usually shaped by a Western perspective, highlighting there is a broad typology of non-Western PR models, which are the norm across the world. This article emphasizes how public relations principles of excellence are not only exceptionally met but also suggests that Western public relations can learn from the rest of the world about, for example, how personal relations can enrich the profession. Using a qualitative method, this paper compares two populated countries with large economies, China and Mexico. The main finding of the article is …

An Evaluation Of Behavioral Skills Training To Teach Assertiveness Skills To College Students, Savannah Warrington

All Master's Theses

Assertiveness skills are related to a variety of life factors including stress levels, social relationships, social fears, and anxiety. The previous research has shown that engaging in nonassertive behavior can have negative effects, and assertive behaviors can lead to a healthier life (Eldeeb, Enstar, & Eldosoky, 2014; Elliot & Gramling, 1990; Larijani, Aghajanie, Baheiraei, & Neiestanank, 2010; Morgan, 1974). The purpose of the current research was to determine if behavioral skills training (BST) was effective in teaching assertiveness skills to college students and if the skills would generalize to novel situations. BST is a method for teaching skills that uses …

Javan Gibbon (Hylobates Moloch) Non-Vocal Social Communication And Gesture Use With Conspecifics, Melanie Bell

All Master's Theses

I explored gestures used by captive Javan gibbons (Hylobates moloch) at the Gibbon Conservation Center (Santa Clarita, CA). I hypothesized that a sender gibbon’s gesture modality would vary with the recipient gibbon’s attentional state and the sender would be equally likely to use all modalities (tactile, visual, actions, and facial expressions) when the recipient was attending (facing the sender), but would use more tactile gestures and actions when the recipient was non-attending (oriented away from the sender). I collected data from 10 individuals using all-occurrences sampling and an ethogram to score behaviors from video recordings. In 1,143 interactions, …

Moving Foward?: Problematic Ideologies In Twenty-First Century Fairy Tale Films, Alyson Kilmer

All Master's Theses

Fairy tales, as a reflection of our values and belief systems, are crucial in shaping and maintaining cultural ideologies. In the twenty-first century, cinematic fairy tales have the unique position of representing such values in an expansive and expeditious manner. Audiences must therefore be critically conscious of the messages promoted by these tales. An analysis of the five most popular contemporary fairy tale films, Disney’s Princess and the Frog (2009), Tangled (2010), Universal’s Snow White and the Huntsman (2012), and Disney’s Frozen (2013) and Maleficent (2014), revealed minimal attempts to propitiate critical audiences in regard to changing cultural values, but …

Obtaining Cultural Competency Skills: Perceptions From Supervisors In Higher Education, Veronica Gomez Vilchis

All Master's Theses

A program evaluation was done on the supervisor training at Central Washington University to obtain the perceptions of supervisors on cultural competency. Eighteen supervisors were interviewed. The results demonstrated supervisors’ support of incorporating cultural competency as part of their professional development. However, supervisors indicated the current supervisor training does not give them tools to interact effectively with diverse populations. Implications for including cultural competency skills for supervisors in higher education are discussed.

Small Islands, Big Heart: Reproducing The Marquesas Islands Through The Body, Patrick E. Molohon

All Master's Theses

Through the analysis of a Marquesan family in a touristic setting in Tahiti, this thesis explores the notion of the Polynesian body as a site of struggle between the gaze of cosmopolitan French tourists on the exotic other, and the resistance and self-interiorizing of the body by Marquesans. Many contemporary Marquesans choose to migrate to the more urbanized, popular tourist destination of Tahiti, for work, schooling, and medical procedures. Removed from their native land, Marquesans build upon traditional cultural practices and worldviews, while simultaneously actively creating innovative aspects of their experience in the new setting, on and within the body. …

Nationalism And Public Opinion In Contemporary Spain: The Demobilization Of The Working Class In Catalonia, César García

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Arts and Humanities

This paper examines the relationship between nationalism and public opinion in the region of Catalonia in contemporary Spain. It analyzes the interaction of the climate of opinion, expectations, poll results, and political action. This holistic approach permits a conclusion that successive Catalan governments and the political class, in an effort to solidify their foothold in and emerging democracy, have been successful in creating a climate of opinion that has encouraged the nationalist part of the Catalan population, concentrated proportionally in highest socioeconomic strata, to be actively involved in politics, while at the same time demobilizing a significant part of the …

Media And Teaching About The Middle East, Khodi Kaviani

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Education and Professional Studies

This qualitative study was conducted in 2006-2007 and found that teachers relied on a variety of readily available media to stay informed about the Middle East and used some of them in their teaching. Teachers tried to explain to their students that every Middle Eastern Muslim is not a terrorist and Iraq was not behind the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The guiding questions were: (1) What are the sources of news that teachers use to teach about the Middle East? (2) How do teachers use the media to teach about the Middle East in the post 9/11 schools? Semi-structured interviews were …

A Model Public Relations Program For Federal Way High School, John Charles Meagher Jr.

All Graduate Projects

The purpose of this project was to create a model public relations program for Federal Way High School. Model public relations programs were studied and a review of literature was conducted. The benefits found from a successful public relations program were consistent levy passage, constructive media relations, positive school environments, and proactive communication. The common elements of successful programs found were programs that were open and honest, had a plan, used word of mouth, implemented two-way communication and had a crises plan in place. Administrators must take an active role and provide leadership in creating and implementing a public relations …

A Central Washington University Recruitment Plan For Students From The Yakima Valley, Marilyn A. Thompson

All Graduate Projects

The purpose of this project was to develop a recruitment plan to increase Central Washington University's enrollment of students from the Yakima Valley region in the State of Washington. To develop this plan, current research and literature related to increasing enrollment at institutions of higher education was reviewed. A survey for graduating high school seniors was developed and mailed to high schools in the Yakima Valley region and the information used in the development of the recruitment plan. The plan will be offered to Central Washington University's Advancement and Marketing Division for use in planning future marketing campaigns

The Effects Of An Organizational Communication Intervention On Job Satisfaction In A Public Health Organization, Ann Kathleen Riley

All Master's Theses

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an organizational communication intervention on job satisfaction levels. Nineteen employees of a rural public health department served as the subjects of the study. Archival data was reviewed based on a pre and postjob satisfaction questionnaire administered to subjects in relation to a communication intervention. It was hypothesized that job satisfaction levels would increase as a result of an organizational communication intervention. Results of an independent !-test analysis for overall pre and postjob satisfaction scores did not support this hypothesis. Implications of the study and recommendations for future research are …

A Model Training Program For Chinese Language Newspaper Journalists In Taiwan, Joan Chiung-Hua Tseng

All Graduate Projects

The purpose of this project was to design and develop a model training program for Chinese language newspaper journalists in Taiwan. To accomplish this purpose, a review of current literature regarding newspaper journalist training programs and related material was conducted.

A Comprehensive Community Relations Plan For The Sunnyside School District, Gary Street

All Graduate Projects

An action planning team, composed of fifteen Sunnyside community members and school district personnel, created several comprehensive action plans designed to improve public relations within the district boundaries by increasing the interaction/involvement between the school district, parents, and community. The process for developing the plan was divided into five steps: 1) Strategy Analysis; 2) Information Gathering; 3) Action Plan Writing; 4) Cost Benefit Analysis; and 5) Presentation of the Action Plans.

Parents' Perceptions Of School-Community Reations Within One Elementary School Attendance Area, Lisa Hoffman

All Graduate Projects

The relationship between the school and its community is enhanced through effective communication. Parents were interviewed to discover their perception of effective communication and to understand, from their perspective, what is needed to improve communication. The interviews and implications thereof are discussed as well as the results.

A Content Analysis Of Public School Education News In An Independently Owned Small Daily Newspaper, Linda L. Mccleary

All Master's Theses

Newspapers and school districts form a tentative partnership in the dissemination of education news. Subjects preferred by readers have not been reflected in actual education news coverage. Emphasis on utility information at the expense of in-depth writing about what is going on in public education has been standard practice. Content analysis shows that while quantity of education news seems reasonable, the quality of that news fails to transmit to readers the substance of what teachers and children are accomplishing in the public schools.

Treason And Talking: Three Wartime Broadcasters, Mary M. Roberts

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Radio propaganda was one of the chief weapons of psychological warfare used by the Nazis. When Hitler came to power, one of the aims of Nazi propaganda was to make his new order acceptable to the powers abroad, before preparing the ground for his expansionist moves. The new ruler of Germany regarded propaganda, rather then diplomacy, as the more suitable instrument to attain the desired end.

As a result of this new weapon in propaganda, there came many problems for the home front. How could they maintain the faith and morale of the people being submitted to this constant barrage? …

The Establishment Of Educational Television Station Kyve-Tv On Channel 47, Donald Forrest Ide

All Master's Theses

The purpose of the study was to define the individual and collective roles of various persons and organizations as well as of equipment, real estate, and finance in the establishment of educational television station KYVE-TV at Yakima, Washington. The study of the establishment of a new educational television station not only would reveal the various aspects of its operational status, but also would reveal the initial investment in terms of effort, finance, and gifts that brought it into existence.

A Proposed Program For Improving School-Community Relations In The Okanogan School District, James Willard Derting

Graduate Student Research Papers

It was the purpose of this study (1) to recognize the need for an effective school-community relations program; (2) to review, through professional literature, the methods by which schools in various communities have improved their public relations program; (3) propose a program that could be used in Okanogan School District, and to arrive at a summary and certain concluding statements.

The Superintendent's Role In Public Relations, Charles E. Evans

Graduate Student Research Papers

The purpose of this study is to (1) recognize the merit of a public relations program, (2) investigate the role of the superintendent in the program, and (3) analyze some of the techniques involved in supporting such a program.

Erasmus And Luther: Precursors Of A Mass Movement, Martha Reinmuth

Graduate Student Research Papers

In his book, The True Believer, Eric Hoffer, with Machiavellian detachment, sets forth a theory on the nature of mass movements. This paper will be primarily concerned with the aspect of Mr. Hoffer' s theory that deals with the setting of the stage for a mass movement--specifically, the temperament, needs, and motives of the men who perform this prerequisite act. Though many and influential were the contributions of other men to the preparation for the final act of church reform in the sixteenth century, it is generally conceded that Desiderius Erasmus and Martin Luther's names stand out in the boldest …

An Investigation Of The Use Of Television To Improve School-Community Relations, Don Erwin Patterson

Graduate Student Research Papers

It was the purpose of this study (1) to determine how school-public relations could be improved through the use of commerclal television and (2) to suggest a program of action.