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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Seeing The Forest And Not The Trees: When Impact Uncertainty Heightens Causal Complexity, Evelyn W. M. Au
Seeing The Forest And Not The Trees: When Impact Uncertainty Heightens Causal Complexity, Evelyn W. M. Au
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
This study attempts to isolate the effects of experiencing uncertainty on people's cognitive processes. I argue that people can believe that their actions affect the outcome (i.e. outcome control), but still face uncertainty regarding the extent to which actions will make a difference (i.e. impact uncertainty). To this end, I introduce a novel experimental paradigm which isolates the effects of impact uncertainty from outcome control. The findings revealed that after experiencing impact uncertainty, participants demonstrated greater causal complexity (i.e. more likely to make situational attributions and judge outcomes as having a “ripple effect”), but did not make fewer …
Are All Interferences Bad? Bilingual Advantages In Working Memory Are Modulated By Varying Demands For Controlled Processing, Hwajin Yang, Sujin Yang
Are All Interferences Bad? Bilingual Advantages In Working Memory Are Modulated By Varying Demands For Controlled Processing, Hwajin Yang, Sujin Yang
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
We investigated bilingual advantages in general control abilities using three complex-span tasks of working memory (WM). An operation-span task served as a baseline measure of WM capacity. Additionally, two modified versions of the Stroop-span task were designed to place varying attentional-control demands during memoranda encoding by asking participants either to read the to-be-remembered item aloud (lower cognitive control; i.e., Stroop-span task) or to name the font color of the to-be-remembered item while still encoding the word for later recall (greater cognitive control; i.e., attention-impeded Stroop-span task). Twenty-six Korean-English bilinguals and 25 English-native monolinguals were tested. We found that bilinguals outperformed …