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Articles 31 - 60 of 310
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Recording The Past Of "Peoples Without History": Southeast Asia’S Sea Nomads, Barbara Watson Andaya
Recording The Past Of "Peoples Without History": Southeast Asia’S Sea Nomads, Barbara Watson Andaya
Asian Review
This essay has been developed from the conviction that scholars of all disciplines, particularly from Southeast Asia, must work together to prioritize the task of recording the traditions of “marginalized peoples” before practices, beliefs and memories disappear completely. Although anthropologists dominate contemporary studies, historians have much to offer, especially in dealing with the relationship between such groups and the state. Here I provide a background to historical work on sea peoples, tracking the evolution of the now accepted view that, traditionally, they were respected by land-based states and that this relationship was mutually beneficial. However, the demise of reciprocity combined …
Introduction, Wasana Wongsurawat
Dealing With Diversity: State Strategies On Ethnic Minority Management In Southeast Asia, Hansley A. Juliano, Matthew David D. Ordoñez, Enrico Antonio B. La Viña
Dealing With Diversity: State Strategies On Ethnic Minority Management In Southeast Asia, Hansley A. Juliano, Matthew David D. Ordoñez, Enrico Antonio B. La Viña
Asian Review
Southeast Asia’s ethnic, political and cultural diversity continues to pose major policy and governance hurdles in enforcing a common community born out of the post-colonial nationalist baggage of almost all the region’s countries. ASEAN’s “non-interference” clause gives leeway to each member state to respond to its ethnic diversity with nation-building projects through exclusionary governance. With this leeway, each Southeast Asian country’s nation-building policies legitimize a particular, existing ethno-nationalist or “ethno-religious” majority at the expense of democratic accountability. This study proposes a preliminary quantitative model which uses regression analysis to compare Southeast Asian countries’ data on their religious and ethnic populations. …
South China Sea Contestations: Southeast Asia’S Regional Identity And Asean’S Sustainability, Victor R. Savage
South China Sea Contestations: Southeast Asia’S Regional Identity And Asean’S Sustainability, Victor R. Savage
Asian Review
Current global news is focused on China’s territorial claims in the South China Sea and the ensuing clash with the United States over the “freedom of marine navigation.” Against this background of territorial claims lies the complex history of old Asian civilizations which undergird no easy resolution of such territorial issues. This paper interrogates the region’s cultural identity paradigm arising from China’s territorial claims, the US-China hegemonic global contestation, the US-China trade war and ASEAN’s responses to the changing geopolitics and extension of China’s geography. It argues that both domestic changes and externalities are affecting ASEAN’s regional cohesion.
Civil Service And Oligarchy: American Colonial Principles In Early Twentieth Century Philippines And Hawai'i, Lance D. Collins
Civil Service And Oligarchy: American Colonial Principles In Early Twentieth Century Philippines And Hawai'i, Lance D. Collins
Asian Review
This paper surveys the history of the introduction of an American-style merit-principle in the creation of a classified civil service system in the Philippines and Hawai'i. The paper illustrates how the implementation of the idea of the "merit principle" in civil service and in organizing public workers in the Philippines and Hawai'i was undermined by opposing forces within the American colonial governing apparatus. The Philippines was an early adopter of the Progressive-era “merit principle” reforms being pushed in the United States proper while Hawai‘i was one of the last—implemented halfway through the New Deal era. This paper attempts to understand …
Belt And Road Initiative At The Historic Turn Of The 21st Century, Thanayod Lopattananont
Belt And Road Initiative At The Historic Turn Of The 21st Century, Thanayod Lopattananont
Asian Review
No abstract provided.
Environmental Conservation In Bhutan: Organization And Policy
Environmental Conservation In Bhutan: Organization And Policy
Asian Review
This article is about Bhutan's success in conserving natural resources and the environment through its organizational and public policy perspectives. At the same time, it analyses the weaknesses and strengths of Bhutan's policy and organizational management in environmental conservation. The integration of the sustainable development approach and the Mahayana Buddhism philosophy has led to the creation of the Gross National Happiness (GNH) which is an important concept that drives the Bhutan government to pay more attention to environmental protection. The close relationship between the Bhutanese and the environment is in accordance with the old beliefs and the influence of Buddhism …
The Dynamics Of The Cross-Border Trades And The Trades And The Traders Of Northwestern Thailand, 1950s To 2010s, Waraporn Ruangsri, Kriangsak Chetpatanavanich
The Dynamics Of The Cross-Border Trades And The Trades And The Traders Of Northwestern Thailand, 1950s To 2010s, Waraporn Ruangsri, Kriangsak Chetpatanavanich
Asian Review
This research examines the dynamics of cross-border trade and the lives of the traders in the northwest part of Th ailand between the 1950s and 2010s, focusing on Mae Hong Son, a border province close to Burma. Since the 18th century, the ethnic Tai traders transported commodities by pack-saddle on trade routes cutting across northern Th ailand, Shan state, and the south of Burma. Under the process of nation-building throughout the 20th century and especially the centralization of the economy, their trading activities eventually came to a halt. Th e article explores three main points. First, it highlights the impact …
The Management Strategy For Stateless Persons In Southeast Asia, Unchalee Srichomphu, Pitch Piyapramote
The Management Strategy For Stateless Persons In Southeast Asia, Unchalee Srichomphu, Pitch Piyapramote
Asian Review
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) has affirmed the fundamental rights of every person without taking nationality into consideration. However, significant populations world-wide are unable to exercise these rights. Thus, citizenship is a prerequisite to gaining one’s rights within the state. When individuals are unable to register or are rejected from registering as legal persons in the civil registration of any state on earth, this creates problems in terms of individual status certification and renders certain rights to be inaccessible. Although the Asian Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), with …
Introduction, Supaphan Tangtrongpairoj
International Mechanisms Towards The Rohingya Crisis, Hakim Pongtigor
International Mechanisms Towards The Rohingya Crisis, Hakim Pongtigor
Asian Review
The Rohingya crisis is extremely complex and will be very difficult to resolve if the only solution to the problem is up to the Myanmar Government alone and the Rohingya people. This is because the crisis involves gross violations of humanitarian principles. Resolving this conflict demands the participation of members of the international community as the violations fall within the realm of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the Responsibility to Protect (R2P). International mediation may also be required to resolve the conflict. The R2P seems to be an effective mechanism to …
Prevention Of Trafficking In Persons For Forced Sea Fishery Work In Thailand, Wicha Jampawan
Prevention Of Trafficking In Persons For Forced Sea Fishery Work In Thailand, Wicha Jampawan
Asian Review
No abstract provided.
Rohingya In Thailand: Existing Social Protection In Dynamic Circumstances, Ankana Kaewkuekoonkit, Supang Chantavanich
Rohingya In Thailand: Existing Social Protection In Dynamic Circumstances, Ankana Kaewkuekoonkit, Supang Chantavanich
Asian Review
Rohingyas who have arrived Thailand with various motivations are vulnerable. They need legal and social protection and face the risk of being indefinitely arrested by Thai immigration. The purpose of this article is to identify existing protection mechanisms for the Rohingyas in Thailand by examining preventive, protective, promotive and transformative measures provided to them. Field research conducted in 2016 reveals that there are four main groups of Rohingya immigrants: those who arrived earlier than 2006, the recent arrivals during 2015-2016, Rohingya victims of human trafficking and Rohingya asylum seekers in temporary shelters. Each group has different access to protection based …
Migration And The Challenges Of Social Inclusion And Integration, Supaporn Phokaew
Migration And The Challenges Of Social Inclusion And Integration, Supaporn Phokaew
Asian Review
No abstract provided.
Peace In Abstract: Re-Integration Of Internally Displaced Persons In Northeastern Nigeria And Its Emerging Socio-Economic Challenges, Abiola Ruth Adimula
Peace In Abstract: Re-Integration Of Internally Displaced Persons In Northeastern Nigeria And Its Emerging Socio-Economic Challenges, Abiola Ruth Adimula
Asian Review
This study examines the challenges associated with the re-integration of internally displaced people in Boko Haram insurgency-ravaged Northeast Nigeria. It traces the root cause of socio-political and ethno-religious conflicts in Nigeria to 1914, when the British colonial administration merged the incompatible Protectorate of Northern Nigeria and the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria as one entity. After the return to democracy in 1999, the country witnessed growing insecurity, culminating in the growth of ethno-religious militias and separatist groups, including the dreaded Boko Haram terrorist sect, whose activities led to the deaths of many and the displacement of about two million …
International Retirement Migration And Cultural Assimilation: A Study Of Western Retirees In Thailand, Kanokwan Tangchitnusorn, Patcharawalai Wongboonsin
International Retirement Migration And Cultural Assimilation: A Study Of Western Retirees In Thailand, Kanokwan Tangchitnusorn, Patcharawalai Wongboonsin
Asian Review
No abstract provided.
Introduction: Ideological Aspects Of Development, Empire And Inter/Nation: Selected Cases From Southeast Asia, Michael K. Connors
Introduction: Ideological Aspects Of Development, Empire And Inter/Nation: Selected Cases From Southeast Asia, Michael K. Connors
Asian Review
No abstract provided.
Urban Resilience And The Neo-Liberal Subject Of Climate Change In Thailand, Robert A. Farnan
Urban Resilience And The Neo-Liberal Subject Of Climate Change In Thailand, Robert A. Farnan
Asian Review
This paper analyses the ideology of resilience, as it is manifested in Thailand, through the relationship between urban climate change security and the neo-liberal subject. The neo-liberal project of resilience that is commonly advocated by ideologues and policy makers in response to catastrophic events, such as floods, has generated considerable debate in architectural and urban design circles but has largely failed to consider the ontology of vulnerability that underwrites neo-liberal notions of political responsibility and its attendant practices of (in)security. Although the literature in political ecology has fruitfully interrogated urban climate change resilience from the point of view of disaster …
The Unbound Postcolonial Leviathan, Pranoto Iskandar
The Unbound Postcolonial Leviathan, Pranoto Iskandar
Asian Review
This paper discusses the overlooked dimension of the aboriginal discourse that serves as the genesis of Indonesia as a postcolonial state. More pointedly, it argues that the nationalist's appropriation of European romanticism should be seen as the last attempt of the local aristocracy to preserve their hegemony in the postcolonial order; post-coloniality does not necessarily mean positivity. In fact, in Indonesia's case, the repeated failure to embed liberal values is arguably a result of the half-hearted commitment to enlightenment values of the early nationalist intellectuals. Some of the early nationalist fi gures blatantly imbued the 1945 Constitution with pre-colonial feudalism. …
Is Islamofascism Even A Thing? The Case Of The Indonesian Islamic Defenders' Front (Fpi), Stephen Miller
Is Islamofascism Even A Thing? The Case Of The Indonesian Islamic Defenders' Front (Fpi), Stephen Miller
Asian Review
Although a term with roots going back to 1933, "Islamofascism" did not gain wide-spread use until the beginning of the 21st century. In the West the term has often been associated with conservative and far right-wing politics, giving it Islamophobic overtones. However, in Indonesia and other Muslim majority countries at times it can emerge in public discussion and debates as a rhetorical weapon of liberal intellectuals when discussing conservative and far right-wing "Islamist" organizations—although in Indonesia the more common term is "religious fascist." This paper examines theories of fascism built up in "Fascist Studies" (the so-called "New Consensus"), as well …
The Bandung Ideology: Anti-Colonial Internationalism And Indonesia's Foreign Policy (1945-1965), Ahmad Rizky Mardhatillah Umar
The Bandung Ideology: Anti-Colonial Internationalism And Indonesia's Foreign Policy (1945-1965), Ahmad Rizky Mardhatillah Umar
Asian Review
In this paper, I introduce the concept of "anti-colonial internationalism" as the ideological source of Indonesia's foreign policy between 1945 and 1965. This concept has been neglected by international relations scholars in favor of the rival idea of "liberal internationalism." I argue that anti-colonial internationalism in Indonesia's foreign policy has been rooted in three aspects, namely 1) decolonial thought that was developed by Indonesian anti-colonial intellectuals in early 20th century, 2) the political thoughts of nationalist leaders and debates during the state formation process in 1945, and 3) the memory of the diplomatic struggle during the revolutionary era (1945-1955). The …
Awkwardly Included: Portugal And Indonesia's Politics Of Multi-Culturalism In East Timor, 1942 To The Early 1990s, Kisho Tsuchiya
Awkwardly Included: Portugal And Indonesia's Politics Of Multi-Culturalism In East Timor, 1942 To The Early 1990s, Kisho Tsuchiya
Asian Review
This article explores the history of East Timor from 1942 to the early 1990s, examining how ideological tolerance of racial and cultural diversity functioned as a state policy under Portuguese and Indonesian regimes to limit the appeal of separatist movements. The Portuguese policy shift towards multi-racialism in the middle of the 20th century reflected their experiences of Timorese hostility during the Pacific War and the rise of international anticolonialism in the post-war period. Portuguese multi-racialism (1951-74) justifi ed their "European" presence in Asia and Africa, and it resulted in the promotion of Portuguese citizenship among the Timorese. Th e Indonesian …
A Morphology Of Liberalism, Development And Trusteeship: Some Implications For South East Asia, Trevor Parfitt
A Morphology Of Liberalism, Development And Trusteeship: Some Implications For South East Asia, Trevor Parfitt
Asian Review
This paper will apply Freeden's morphological approach to the analysis of liberalism and development to explore the centrality of trusteeship (as defi ned by Cowen and Shenton) in both modes of thought. There is an intellectual kinship between development as an idea and liberalism in that both emerged from a Western Enlightenment context that emphasized progress and the prospects for human development through the growing influence of rationalism and the application of scientific method to human endeavor. Both development thinking and liberalism bear the imprint of these influences, one of them being that of trusteeship. The morphological approach will be …
Japanese Fdi To Thailand: Mobility And Harmony, Saikaew Thipakorn
Japanese Fdi To Thailand: Mobility And Harmony, Saikaew Thipakorn
Asian Review
Japan has been the top investor in Thailand since the end of WWII. In 1972, following violent protests against Japanese investment, the Japanese government established the Japan Foundation as the main agency to take care of cultural diplomacy. Though under the supervision of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Japanese business community financially contributed to its establishment from the beginning. In addition, Japanese business in Th ailand continuously cooperated with the government in its cultural diplomatic activities. Th eir daily operation created an atmosphere for human exchange which led to understanding between peoples of different cultures. Japanese investment promoted the …
Literature In Transmigration: The Rama Story In Southeast Asia, Frederick B. Goss
Literature In Transmigration: The Rama Story In Southeast Asia, Frederick B. Goss
Asian Review
The story of Rama, known as Ramayana in the Indian subcontinent where it originated, has migrated and spread to nearly every culture and society in Asia. In each place the story has been introduced, it has been adopted, adapted and absorbed into the local culture. Given the universal themes in the tale, the basic outline of the story has shown a remarkable flexibility to be able to sustain change and adaption, both in interpretation and interpolation. This article examines and compares the presence of the Rama story in various cultures and societies of Southeast Asia, showing how the tradition has …
Encountering The New "Other": Domestic Tourism In Thailand, Jelka Günther
Encountering The New "Other": Domestic Tourism In Thailand, Jelka Günther
Asian Review
In Thailand, one of the world’s leading tourist destinations, Thais are no longer merely “hosts” to foreign tourists but also to their compatriots who have become tourists themselves. The rising significance of domestic tourism reveals the need to critically rethink notions of the familiar and the strange in tourism studies. Based on ethnographic fi eldwork in Northeastern Thailand, I argue that Othering is not limited to transnational host-guest-interactions. In the small town I studied domestic tourist encounters were similarly embedded in power relations, namely in the dominant discourses of urban-rural relations in contemporary Thailand. Nostalgic feelings have opened up the …
Introduction, Supaporn Phokaew, Koichi Iwabuchi
Property Tourism And The Facilitation Of Investment -Migration Mobility In Asia, Koh Sin Yee
Property Tourism And The Facilitation Of Investment -Migration Mobility In Asia, Koh Sin Yee
Asian Review
This paper examines the ways through which real estate developers and their agents facilitate the investment-migration mobility of middle-class investor-migrants in Asia. Drawing from ongoing research conducted in Brunei, Singapore and Iskandar Malaysia, this paper argues that the property marketing industry can be conceptualised as a transnational mobility industry. Th is is because this intermediary industry (1) exposes potential investor-migrants to the idea of transnational investment-migration; and (2) educates and facilitates the investment-migration of its clients and their capital, especially through the use of subtle marketing strategies such as social activities and exploratory property tours – what I call “property …
Introduction, Saikaew Thipakorn, Kanokphan Usha
Japan And The Development Of Thai Women's Needlework Skills In The Reign Of King Rama V, Dollaya Tiantong
Japan And The Development Of Thai Women's Needlework Skills In The Reign Of King Rama V, Dollaya Tiantong
Asian Review
In the reign of King Chulalongkorn (King Rama V), Japan was seen as a country which contributed to the development of traditional needlework and weaving for Th ai women in several ways. In addition to being the source of knowledge for Th ai women who studied further in the country, Japan also sent experts to Th ailand to teach Th ai women. Th ese contributions helped Th ai women develop expertise in traditional needlework and weaving that enhanced Thai women's status in that period.