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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™

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Arts and Humanities

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Selected Works

2019

Articles 121 - 149 of 149

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Introduction To The Neurosciences And Music Iv: Learning And Memory, Andrea Halpern Jan 2019

Introduction To The Neurosciences And Music Iv: Learning And Memory, Andrea Halpern

Andrea Halpern

The conference entitled "The Neurosciences and Music-IV: Learning and Memory" was held at the University of Edinburgh from June 9-12, 2011, jointly hosted by the Mariani Foundation and the Institute for Music in Human and Social Development, and involving nearly 500 international delegates. Two opening workshops, three large and vibrant poster sessions, and nine invited symposia introduced a diverse range of recent research findings and discussed current research directions. Here, the proceedings are introduced by the workshop and symposia leaders on topics including working with children, rhythm perception, language processing, cultural learning, memory, musical imagery, neural plasticity, stroke rehabilitation, autism, …

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Inspiring Art And Science, Andrea R. Halpern Jan 2019

Inspiring Art And Science, Andrea R. Halpern

Andrea Halpern

I read Ralf Dahm's article "Finding Alzheimer's Disease" (March-April) with interest for two reasons. First, as a cognitive neuroscientist, I have studied the effect of early-stage Alzheimer's disease on memory and on the appreciation of music and art. In addition, I am a member of a community chorus here in Pennsylvania, the Susquehanna Valley Chorale, which recently commissioned and premiered a choral work on the topic of the ailment, called Alzheimer's Stories.

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Differences In Auditory Imagery Self-Report Predict Neural And Behavioral Outcomes, Andrea R. Halpern Jan 2019

Differences In Auditory Imagery Self-Report Predict Neural And Behavioral Outcomes, Andrea R. Halpern

Andrea Halpern

Mental imagery abilities vary among individuals, as shown both by objective measures and by self-report. Few imagery studies consider auditory imagery, however. The Bucknell Auditory Imagery Scale is a short self-report measure encompassing both Vividness and Control subscales for musical, verbal, and environmental sounds. It has high internal reliability, no relation to social desirability, and only a modest relation to musical training. High scores on Vividness predict fewer source memory errors in distinguishing heard from imagined tunes on a recognition test, and better performance on pitch imitation tasks. Furthermore, higher scores are related to hemodynamic response and gray matter volume …

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Audience Reactions To Repeating A Piece On A Concert Programme, Andrea R. Halpern, Chloe H.K. Chan, Daniel Müllensiefen, John Sloboda Jan 2019

Audience Reactions To Repeating A Piece On A Concert Programme, Andrea R. Halpern, Chloe H.K. Chan, Daniel Müllensiefen, John Sloboda

Andrea Halpern

Repetition of a piece on a concert programme is a well-established, but uncommon performance practice. Musicians have presumed that repetition benefits audience enjoyment and understanding but no research has examined this. In two naturalistic and one lab study, we examined audience reaction to repeated live performances of contemporary pieces played by the same ensemble. In all studies, we asked listeners to rate their enjoyment and willingness to hear the piece again (Affective), and perceived understanding and predicted memory of the piece (Cognitive). In Study 3, we assessed immediate recognition memory of each excerpt. In all studies, Cognitive variables increased significantly. …

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Cerebral Substrates Of Musical Imagery, Andrea R. Halpern Jan 2019

Cerebral Substrates Of Musical Imagery, Andrea R. Halpern

Andrea Halpern

Musical imagery refers to the experience of "replaying" music by imagining it inside the head. Whereas visual imagery has been extensively studied, few people have investigated imagery in the auditory domain. This article reviews a program of research that has tried to characterize auditory imagery for music using both behavioral and cognitive neuroscientific tools. I begin by describing some of my behavioral studies of the mental analogues of musical tempo, pitch, and temporal extent. I then describe four studies using three techniques that examine the correspondence of brain involvement in actually perceiving vs. imagining familiar music. These involve one lesion …

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A Brain System For Auditory Working Memory, Sukhbinder Kumar, Sabine Joseph, Phillip E. Gander, Nicolas Barascud, Andrea R. Halpern, Timothy D. Griffiths Jan 2019

A Brain System For Auditory Working Memory, Sukhbinder Kumar, Sabine Joseph, Phillip E. Gander, Nicolas Barascud, Andrea R. Halpern, Timothy D. Griffiths

Andrea Halpern

The brain basis for auditory working memory, the process of actively maintaining sounds in memory over short periods of time, is controversial. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging in human participants, we demonstrate that the maintenance of single tones in memory is associated with activation in auditory cortex. In addition, sustained activation was observed in hippocampus and inferior frontal gyrus. Multivoxel pattern analysis showed that patterns of activity in auditory cortex and left inferior frontal gyrus distinguished the tone that was maintained in memory. Functional connectivity during maintenance was demonstrated between auditory cortex and both the hippocampus and inferior frontal cortex. …

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An Erp Study Of Major-Minor Classification In Melodies, Andrea R. Halpern, Jeffrey S. Martin, Tara D. Reed Jan 2019

An Erp Study Of Major-Minor Classification In Melodies, Andrea R. Halpern, Jeffrey S. Martin, Tara D. Reed

Andrea Halpern

Skip to Next Section COMPOSERS COMMONLY USE MAJOR OR MINOR SCALES to create different moods in music.Nonmusicians show poor discrimination and classification of this musical dimension; however, they can perform these tasks if the decision is phrased as happy vs. sad.We created pairs of melodies identical except for mode; the first major or minor third or sixth was the critical note that distinguished major from minor mode. Musicians and nonmusicians judged each melody as major vs. minor or happy vs. sad.We collected ERP waveforms, triggered to the onset of the critical note. Musicians showed a late positive component (P3) to …

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Attentional Flexibility And Memory Capacity In Conductors And Pianists, Andrea R. Halpern, Clemens Wöllner Jan 2019

Attentional Flexibility And Memory Capacity In Conductors And Pianists, Andrea R. Halpern, Clemens Wöllner

Andrea Halpern

Individuals with high working memory (WM) capacity also tend to have better selective and divided attention. Although both capacities are essential for skilled performance in many areas, evidence for potential training and expertise effects is scarce. We investigated the attentional flexibility of musical conductors by comparing them to equivalently trained pianists. Conductors must focus their attention both on individual instruments and on larger sections of different instruments. We studied students and professionals in both domains to assess the contributions of age and training to these skills. Participants completed WM span tests for auditory and visual (notated) pitches and timing durations, …

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Absolute Pitch In Naturalistic Singing: A Commentary On Olthof Et Al., Andrea R. Halpern Jan 2019

Absolute Pitch In Naturalistic Singing: A Commentary On Olthof Et Al., Andrea R. Halpern

Andrea Halpern

The parent article looks at pitch stability in an archive of folksongs recorded over several decades. Some evidence for pitch stability was found. Here, I consider some additional aspects of the archive that could be examined, offer some extensions to relevant laboratory studies, and consider some inherent strengths and limitations of the naturalistic, archival approach.

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Attraction To Sad Music: The Role Of Imagery, Absorption, And Rumination, Emery Schubert, Andrea R. Halpern, Gunter Kreutz, Sandra Garrido Jan 2019

Attraction To Sad Music: The Role Of Imagery, Absorption, And Rumination, Emery Schubert, Andrea R. Halpern, Gunter Kreutz, Sandra Garrido

Andrea Halpern

Previous studies have identified links between attraction to negative emotion in music with the traits of absorption and rumination. However, no studies have examined the possible interdependencies and influences of these traits. We sought to determine whether a cognitive processing path that leads to attraction to sad music could be identified. We argued that auditory imagery might be an interesting competency to add to the investigation because of the links between imagery and absorption. Participants completed validated surveys measuring the three target cognitive measures, as well as a Like Sad Music Scale. Mediation analysis revealed that absorption mediated imagery in …

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What Explains The Rise Of Majority-Minority Tensions And Conflict In Xinjiang?, Reza Hasmath Dec 2018

What Explains The Rise Of Majority-Minority Tensions And Conflict In Xinjiang?, Reza Hasmath

Reza Hasmath

In the past few years there has been a rise of inter-ethnic violence in China. While ethno-cultural repression and ineffective state policies are correctly attributed as key culprits behind this reality, this article suggests that socio-economic factors play a fundamental contributory role as well. Using the Xinjiang case, the article maps ethnic tensions and violence as a manifestation and expression of a growing and heighten ethno-cultural consciousness stemming from ethnic minorities’ low socio-economic status due, in part, to internal Han migration, and a labour market process – involving agency and structure – that has shaped a split and segmented labour …

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"Politics, Money, And Distrust: French-American Alliances In The International Campaign For Women’S Equal Rights, 1925–1930.”, Sara L. Kimble Dec 2018

"Politics, Money, And Distrust: French-American Alliances In The International Campaign For Women’S Equal Rights, 1925–1930.”, Sara L. Kimble

Sara L Kimble

No abstract provided.

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Feed: State Transparency Amidst Informational Surplus, Mark Fenster Dec 2018

Feed: State Transparency Amidst Informational Surplus, Mark Fenster

Mark Fenster

An email arrives, promising inside information about the perfidious forces that secretly rule the nation. A Twitter feed from a prominent insider at an establishment think-tank announces the latest disclosure about the president’s secret role in the Russian conspiracy to manipulate the election that elevated him with the blast of toy cannon. Meanwhile, the President’s tweets serve to annoy, distract, humor, or comfort those who see them, and they above all announce some truth about his presidency. 

Debates about government transparency presume that the state controls an informational spigot, which can be made to allow information to flow or to …

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Teaching Language Variation In The Classroom: Strategies And Models From Teachers And Linguists, Michelle D. Devereaux, Chris C. Palmer Dec 2018

Teaching Language Variation In The Classroom: Strategies And Models From Teachers And Linguists, Michelle D. Devereaux, Chris C. Palmer

Chris C. Palmer

Bringing together the varied and multifaceted expertise of teachers and linguists in one accessible volume, this book presents practical tools, grounded in cutting-edge research, for teaching about language and language diversity in the ELA classroom. By demonstrating practical ways teachers can implement research-driven linguistic concepts in their own teaching environment, each chapter offers real-world lessons as well as clear methods for instructing students on the diversity of language. Written for pre-service and in-service teachers, this book includes easy-to-use lesson plans, pedagogical strategies and activities, as well as a wealth of resources carefully designed to optimize student comprehension of language variation.

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Nietzsche And Emancipatory Politics: Queer Theory As Anti-Morality, C. Heike Schotten Dec 2018

Nietzsche And Emancipatory Politics: Queer Theory As Anti-Morality, C. Heike Schotten

C. Heike Schotten

This article offers an emancipatory appropriation of Nietzsche’s work, making the case that the founding of the field of queer theory exemplifies and proffers a liberatory Nietzschean praxis of anti-morality. This argument requires reading Nietzsche’s work from the perspective of the oppressed and (re-)reading queer theory as part of the project of critical theory.

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The Heroic Transformation Of Dexter Morgan, Killer Of Killers, S. S. Diaz Dec 2018

The Heroic Transformation Of Dexter Morgan, Killer Of Killers, S. S. Diaz

Scott T. Allison

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the heroic life and transformation of a prominent television character Dexter Morgan, during seasons one through four of Dexter, a serial killer of killers. This chapter first reviews the hero’s journey as described by Joseph Campbell (1949).

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The Role Of Electronic Musical Instruments In Music Education, Glorita S. Sánchez, Matias Arenas Gonzalez Dec 2018

The Role Of Electronic Musical Instruments In Music Education, Glorita S. Sánchez, Matias Arenas Gonzalez

International Scientific Journals

The article is dedicated to the issues associated with the way toward learning the specialty of performing on electronic melodic instruments. Specifically, the program "Electronic melodic instruments in contemporary music instruction", which is planned to improve the abilities of music instructors of optional schools, instructors of Children's Schools of Art, Palaces and Houses of Inventive Work, Centers of Extracurricular Activities with understudies and different foundations of the arrangement of extra kids' instruction, is considered. The primary motivation behind the program is to acquaint instructors with contemporary strategies what's more, frameworks of preparing, advancement of electronic melodic instruments and advanced consoles. …

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A Comprehensive Bibliography Of Nineteenth Century Bicycling Periodicals, Christopher A. Sweet Dec 2018

A Comprehensive Bibliography Of Nineteenth Century Bicycling Periodicals, Christopher A. Sweet

Christopher A. Sweet

Bicycling became hugely popular in the second half of the nineteenth century. At the time, bicycle manufacturing was an important American industry, bicycle racing was one of the most popular spectator sports, and joining a bicycle club was a mark of social distinction. This bicycle craze occurred at the same time as an explosion in the publishing of American periodicals. Bicycle manufacturers invested heavily in newspaper and magazine advertising which spurred the creation of new periodicals. This paper documents more than one hundred bicycling periodicals that were published in the nineteenth century. The bibliographic essay provides historical context for both …

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The Quintessential Greek Hero: How Odysseus Fits The Campbellian Monomyth, Julia M. Feron Dec 2018

The Quintessential Greek Hero: How Odysseus Fits The Campbellian Monomyth, Julia M. Feron

Scott T. Allison

Odysseus faces many challenges along his return home after the Trojan War and must put his heroic attributes to the test, all while undergoing a unique self-transformation in accordance with Joseph Campbell’s (1949) monomyth. Odysseus specifically endures an “emotional transformation” involving his acquisition of humility, an essential component of the classic “hero” (Allison & Smith, 2015). Joseph Campbell’s research on the traditional hero’s journey closely aligns with Odysseus’ story. The Odyssey can be broken down into Campbell's three stages of transformation in order to properly assess the characterization of Odysseus as an archetypal hero.

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Harry Potter And The Hero’S Journey: An Analysis Of A Wizard’S Transformation, Andrew J. Graham Dec 2018

Harry Potter And The Hero’S Journey: An Analysis Of A Wizard’S Transformation, Andrew J. Graham

Scott T. Allison

In this chapter, we use the principles of heroism science to explore Harry Potter's role as a hero and how he and society changed as a result of his heroism.

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Slurs And Register: A Case Study In Meaning Pluralism, Justina Diaz-Legaspe, Chang Liu, Robert J. Stainton Dec 2018

Slurs And Register: A Case Study In Meaning Pluralism, Justina Diaz-Legaspe, Chang Liu, Robert J. Stainton

Robert J. Stainton

Most theories of slurs fall into one of two families: those which understand slurring terms to involve special descriptive/informational content (however conveyed), and those which understand them to encode special emotive/expressive content. Our view is that both offer essential insights, but that part of what sets slurs apart is use-theoretic content. In particular, we urge that slurring words belong at the intersection of a number of categories in a sociolinguistic register taxonomy, one that usually includes [+slang] and [+vulgar] and always includes [-polite] and [+derogatory]. Thus, e.g., what distinguishes ‘Chinese’ from ‘chink’ is neither a peculiar sort of descriptive nor …

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Review Of Lisa Sideris, _Consecrating Science_, Mary-Jane V. Rubenstein Dec 2018

Review Of Lisa Sideris, _Consecrating Science_, Mary-Jane V. Rubenstein

Mary-Jane Rubenstein

No abstract provided.

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A Dream Becoming Reality: Martin Luther King, Jr.’S Calling To Transform America, Daniel P. Golden Dec 2018

A Dream Becoming Reality: Martin Luther King, Jr.’S Calling To Transform America, Daniel P. Golden

Scott T. Allison

No abstract provided.

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The Heroic Transformative Journey Of Aeneas, Hero Of The Tro􀀀An War, Antonio M. Balducci Dec 2018

The Heroic Transformative Journey Of Aeneas, Hero Of The Tro􀀀An War, Antonio M. Balducci

Scott T. Allison

Aeneas was the protagonist character in the epic story, The Aeneid, written by the ancient Roman poet Virgil. The storyline takes place in ancient times that scholars believe to be roughly 1250 B.C.E. Aeneas was widely known as a classic “mythical hero” of that era. Told from the point of view of Aeneas, the story captures all the graphic details of his life as a Trojan soldier. The city of Troy was overtaken by the Greeks, which forced Aeneas to flee and build a “new Troy”. His journey to heroism begins with his departure from Troy.

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Among The Ancestors At Aidonia, Lynne Kvapil, Kim Shelton Dec 2018

Among The Ancestors At Aidonia, Lynne Kvapil, Kim Shelton

Lynne A. Kvapil

No abstract provided.

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The Capitalocene And Planetary Justice, Jason W. Moore Dec 2018

The Capitalocene And Planetary Justice, Jason W. Moore

Jason W. Moore

No abstract provided.

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Syllabus Inr 3227 (Rvc): International Relations Of South Asia (Fall 2019), Lukas K. Danner Dec 2018

Syllabus Inr 3227 (Rvc): International Relations Of South Asia (Fall 2019), Lukas K. Danner

Dr. Lukas K. Danner

No abstract provided.

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Solidarity Economy Lawyering, Renee Hatcher Dec 2018

Solidarity Economy Lawyering, Renee Hatcher

Renee Hatcher

This Essay explores lawyering in the solidarity economy movement as an emergent approach to progressive transactional lawyering. Solidarity economy is a set of value-driven theories and practices that seeks to transform the global economy into a just economy that centers the needs of people and the planet. While the solidarity economy movement in other parts of the world has been established for several decades, the solidarity economy movement in the United States emerged in 2007. Over the last decade the movement has grown and gained significant momentum, with the rise of solidarity economy organizations and initiatives, as well as the …

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Sectumsempra: An Analysis Of The Heroic Transformation Of Severus Snape, Jake C. Cardwell Dec 2018

Sectumsempra: An Analysis Of The Heroic Transformation Of Severus Snape, Jake C. Cardwell

Scott T. Allison

This chapter seeks to examine the character Severus Snape and his heroism. I will go about this task by analyzing Snape’s life and legacy, and judging him through several lenses of heroism science. Most importantly, the goal of this discussion is to determine whether or not Snape is truly a “hero.” Whether you love him or hate him, Severus Snape is one of the most recognizable literary characters of the twenty-first century, and his morality and merits are still talked about by fans of the Harry Potter franchise. I will use traditional archetypes and theories of heroism science to determine …

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