Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Social And Economic Constraints On Child Life Among The !Kung, Patricia Draper

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

The usual approach in studies of socialization is to look at the interaction among cultural values, social structure, and child-training practices. The approach used here evolved during my two years in the field living with the !Kung, when it became clear to me that the major constraints on child life derived from the nature of adult work and from the organization of people in space. By the "nature of adult work" I refer to the hunting and gathering subsistence economy, to the rhythm of work routines, and to the accommodation to scarce and unevenly distributed water sources. By "organization of …

Ye'kwana Basketry: Its Cultural Context, Raymond B. Hames, Ilene Hames

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

The aim of this article is to describe an aspect of Ye'kwana (Makiritare) technology, basketry, in its overall cultural context. We will not only describe basketry as technology per se but the role it plays in Ye'kwana symbolism, ecology, economy and social organization. Also, we will discuss its role in inter-village and inter-ethnic trade and how this role has implications for understanding socio-cultural change in the immediate area of the Padamo River Basin, Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela.

Cultural Pressure On Sex Differences, Patricia Draper

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

This paper suggests that sex differences in the behavior of children exist but are not necessarily intensified under certain cultural conditions. Under conditions of culture change to a sedentary economy, certain elements of male and female differentiated behavior are exploited in the process of increasing sex differentiation.

Modes Of Allocation And The Acculturation Process, David T. Jones

Nebraska Anthropologist

This research proposal has evolved out of a class assignment in a "methods" course in cultural anthropology. The assignment required "real but small-scale fieldwork" in a "community" of the student's own choosing. This approach was based on the belief that anthropology is only learned by doing anthropology. One of the objectives of the course was the designing of a research proposal which would have some merit and which would be based on the fieldwork.

The community selected was a small group of American Indians who met weekly in a prayer group at a local church under the sole direction of …

The Relationship Of Economy To Community, Kathy Long Holland

Nebraska Anthropologist

The value system of a society defines and grades the ends actors seek. The ends sought in the economic sphere must be consonant with, or complementary to, goals in other spheres. Economic activity derives its meaning from the norms of the society, and people engage in economic activity for rewards often extrinsic to the economy itself. In any community (society) the norms and values used to define a resource, a commodity, control over certain goods and services, the distributive process, and standards of economic behavior are norms governing most social interaction. The economy is not so structurally differentiated that one …

Opportunities For Museum Research In Anthropology: Are They Really Dead Or Were They Only Sleeping?, Arthur H. Wolf

Nebraska Anthropologist

The decline of anthropological research in museums has been in part attributed to the changing goals of anthropology and the increase in the numbers of university anthropology departments. In recent years many suggestions for increasing museum research potentials have been put forward by Anthropologists interested in its resurgence. An increasing cooperation between museums and university departments is seen as a necessary condition for this resurgence and could lead to more programs which include and train museum anthropologists.

!Kung Women: Contrasts In Sexual Egalitarianism In Foraging And Sedentary Contexts, Patricia Draper

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

Most members of the Harvard !Kung Bushman Study Project who have thought about the subject of !Kung women's status agree that !Kung society may be the least sexist of any we have experienced. This impression contradicts some popularly held stereotypes about relations between the sexes in hunting and gathering societies. Because sex is one of the few bases for the differentiation of social and economic roles in societies of this type, it has probably been attributed more weight than it deserves. The men are commonly depicted in rather romantic terms, striving with their brothers to bring home the precious meat …

Societal Complexity And Moral Development: A Kenyan Study., Carolyn P. Edwards

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This study examines the moral judgment levels (as measured by Kohlberg’s 6-stage moral judgment interview) for two Kenyan samples. The first sample includes a culturally and racially group of 35 young men and 17 women studying at the University of Nairobi, while the second sample consists of 44 males and 14 females living in seven communities in the Central and Western Provinces of Kenya who were interviewed by a cadre of trained University students on their school vacation. The moral judgment interview included four hypothetical moral dilemmas and a standard set of probing questions. Three of the dilemmas were standard …

The Nebraska Anthropologist: Volume 2 (1975) Contents, Charles D. Zeier, Cristy J. Stevens, Arthur H. Wolf, David T. Jones

Nebraska Anthropologist

Introduction ............... ii

Paleo-Indian Lifeways in the American Southwest; 12000 to 10,000 BP (Robert E. Warren) ............... 1

The Joking Relationship in an Urban Voluntary Association (Cristy Stevens) .......... 19

Socialization of Children ............... 25

Opportunities for Museum Research in Anthropology: Are They Really Dead or Were They Only Sleeping? (Arthur Wolf) ............... 33

The Relationship of Economy to Community (Kathy Long Holland) ............... 41

Modes of Allocation and the Acculturation (David T. Jones) ............... 47

Beware- Your Sins Will Find You Out! (Betty McCormick) ............... 51

Review of The Dynamics of Stylistic Change in Arikara Ceramics by James Deetz …

Book Review: The Dynamics Of Stylistic Change In Arikara Ceramics By James Deetz., Craig Johnson

Nebraska Anthropologist

In his conclusion, Deetz attempts. to, establish a link between the changes in residence and ceramic patterning in a more systematic way. He points out that, there can be three possible relationships between the two. First, there is no relationship between changes in social organization and ceramics. This denies the relationship between social structure and ceramic design in general. If true, other examples of this articulation would not be found in archaeological contexts. But there are two cases which Deetz cites to refute this hypothesis. One is the similarity of his Lower Loup sample and component C pottery at Medicine …

Beware - Your Sins Will Find You Out!, Betty Mccormick

Nebraska Anthropologist

The village, surrounded by the seemingly infinite flatlands of central America, is an agricultural community with a population of approximately 1000 people. The town, itself, is 12 blocks square and is laid out with spacious lots and wide paved streets. The main street is on the west side of the village and is wide also, with stores lining either side of four blocks. It's an impressive town, clean, neat, new but plain. The majority of homes are 20 years old or newer and are ranch-style. The older homes are small two story-white frame houses. Yards. are well kept, neat, and …

Socialization Of Children, Linda Davis

Nebraska Anthropologist

The children of a culture represent its greatest asset and responsibility. They insure the survival of a culture if its members can accomplish the formidable task of socialization. Americans are acutely aware of this responsibility. This concern is reflected in the tremendous amount of literature about children. For this reason, I used a familiar type of American literature, the comic strip, for an analysis of socialization in the United States. I chose to study "Dennis the Menace" and Peanuts" because they deal specifically with children from a white, middle class neighborhood.

Socialization, as defined by Hartley and Hartley (In HSU …

The Joking Relationship In An Urban Voluntary Association, Cristy Stevens

Nebraska Anthropologist

The Miainstreet club is a small voluntary association located in a small Midwestern city. It is a formally-chartered corporation and part of a large international federation of clubs designed to provide economic and social services to the communities in which they are located. It is characterized by membership criteria and a stated purpose of service to community. The Mainstreet club presently lists twenty-four active members, a small size in comparison with other similar service clubs in the city where it is located. In the course of my research, I became aware of a rather formalized pattern of joking and banter …

Paleo-Indian Lifeways In The American Southwest; 12,000 To 10,000 Bp, Robert E. Warren

Nebraska Anthropologist

This paper deals with the lifeways of prehistoric populations inhabiting the North American Southwest from 12,000 to 10,000 years ago. Included is a brief delimitation and description of the Southwest area, a review of several current concepts regarding the environmental conditions in existence during the temporal span under concern, a series of brief descriptions of sites and site materials involved, and a concluding section wherein interpretation and inferences are drawn from both internal and external data. Three distinct complexes are recognized which appear to represent sequential cultural adaptations to shifting environmental conditions.

Comparative Studies Of Socialization, Patricia Draper

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

This paper will not attempt a comprehensive review of the recent literature on socialization. Rather, it will deal with four areas of the comparative study of childhood which have particular interest to this writer: systematic ethnographic reports on child life in non-Western societies; education and anthropology; cognitive style and socialization; and socialization for sex role. As a further means of narrowing the potential range of this review, the author will exclude most reports of infant, adolescent, and adult socialization.

A Cross-Cultural Analysis Of Sex Differences In The Behavior Of Children Aged Three Through 11, Beatrice Whiting, Carolyn P. Edwards

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This paper uses the cross-cultural, systematic child observations of the Six Culture Study, led by John and Beatrice Whiting of Harvard University, to investigate the validity of the stereotypes of sex differences about nurturance, aggression, compliance, dependency, and other behaviors. The children aged 3 – 11 years, were observed in natural settings in seven different parts of the world. The analysis indicates that there are universal sex differences in the children’s behavior, but the differences are not consistent nor as great as the studies of American and Western European children would suggest. Furthermore, socialization pressure in the form of task …

Crowding Among Hunter-Gatherers: The !Kung Bushmen, Patricia Draper

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

Highly crowded living conditions exist among the !Kung Bushmen, hunter-gatherers who live on the edges of the Kalahari Desert in Botswana and South-West Africa. The !Kung appear to be crowded by choice, and biological indicators of stress are absent. Data indicate that residential crowding alone does not produce symptoms of pathological stress.

Melvin Randolph Gilmore, Incipient Cultural Ecologist: A Biographic Analysis, David L. Erickson

Open Access Master's Theses (through 2010)

This thesis will be a study in microcosm of Melvin R. Gilmore’s Nebraska research. The study analyzes his ethnobiological field work and writings in terms of biographic factors.Gilmore’s ethnobiological research manifests both bioecological and cultural ecological rationales. The thesis shows that Gilmore’s pioneering work in ethnobiology, together with studies by Harrington and others, laid the groundwork for modern cultural ecology as practiced by Julian Steward and others. The author of the thesis used original documents from the Nebraska State Historical Society in his research.

While in Nebraska Gilmore developed an interest in ethnobiology. His initial ethnobotanical field work was related …

A Bibliography Of The Aboriginal Archeology Of Nebraska, Donald J. Blakeslee

Nebraska Anthropologist

I have tried to make this Bibliography as complete as possible, including material from surrounding states pertinent to the archeological problems of Nebraska and references which pertain more to the history of Nebraska archeology than to its content.

In compiling this list, I have used previous bibliographies by Robert W. Neuman (1962b, 1968) and Jerome E. Petsche (1968) which deal in part with Nebraska archeology.

The Funeral Ceremony In Zinacantan, Carolyn P. Edwards

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

This thesis, supervised by Professor Evon Z. Vogt, presents findings from research conducted as part of the Harvard Chiapas Project. The thesis was based on interviews with informants in Zinacantan, Chiapas, Mexico, included Chep of Apas. The topics covered are: the funeral; the Zinacanteco funeral as a rite of passage; comparison between the funeral and the curing ceremony; comparison between the funeral and the All Souls Ceremony; and comparison between the funeral and the ceremonies of birth and marriage.

The Archeology Of The Lime Creek Site In Southwestern Nebraska, E. Mott Davis

Special Publications of the University of Nebraska State Museum

The Lime Creek site is a stratified Early Lithic (Paleo-Indian) camp site buried in the Terrace-2A alluvial fill of a valley in the dissected loess plains. Geological correlations indicate an early Valders (Wisconsin- IV) date. A radiocarbon date (No. C-471) of 9524 B.P. from just below Lime Creek I, the lowest occupation zone, must be taken only as a minimal possible age for the site. The animal bones in Lime Creek I are primarily of pronghorn and beaver, whereas those in Lime Creek III, the highest occupation zone, are exclusively of bison. The change in hunting patterns seems due to …

The Anoka Focus, Thomas A. Witty

Anthropology Department: Theses

In 1936, the Lynch site, 25BDl, in North Central Nebraska was investigated by a party from the University of Nebraska under the qirection of Dr. Earl H. Bell. Preliminary estimates of age measured in many hundreds and even thousands of years created widespread interest. These data, with more conservative conclusions as to their ambiguity, were considered by Freed (1954) in her Master’s Thesis on file at the University of Nebraska.

In 1939, the Arzberger site, 39HU6, near Pierre, South Dakota, was excavated by a party from Columbia University led by Albert C. Spaulding, under the general direction of the late …

The Lynch Site, 25bd1, Mary Louise Freed

Anthropology Department: Theses

One of the aims of anthropology is the study of the growth and change of cultures. The data on which the realization of this aim depends include reports upon single archeological sites or the ethnographies of a group of people. These data, however, are of little value as long as each report remains a unique entity, hanging in time and space. For the study of culture growth and change each must be seen in its proper perspective against the known total of history. This archeological report presents pertinent material for the study of some of these historical phenomena in the …

The Direct-Historical Approach In Pawnee Archeology (With Six Plates), Waldo R. Wedel, Jade Robison , Depositor

Nebraska State Historical Society: Transactions and Reports

The direct-historical approach in archaeology assumes the existence of an analogous relationship between historic accounts and prehistoric data, serving to establish cultural identity under the basis of cultural continuity. In this article, Dr. Waldo Wedel uses the direct-historical approach to review some preliminary findings of archaeological investigations undertaken as part of an early effort to study the Pawnee culture of eastern Nebraska. The University of Nebraska Archeological Survey was established in 1929, led by Dr. W. D. Strong, in an attempt to better understand prehistoric Pawnee culture. Previous evidence existed in the form of A. T. Hill’s artifact collection and …

Report Of Department Of Archeology, Nebraska State Historical Society, Elmer Ellsworth Blackman, Jade Robison , Depositor

Nebraska State Historical Society: Transactions and Reports

In this report, State Archeologist E. Blackman wrote to the Nebraska State Historical Society about recently completed archeology fieldwork during 1901. Blackman first reports on recent additions to the Museum and details some of his explorations of 18 Indian village sites. Fieldwork emphasized an investigation of Pawnee sites, including the Wright Site and Burkett Site, both near Genoa. Blackman provides a month-by-month summary of his work, reporting on numerous topics including his travels, publications, and expenses. A broad overview of the archeology of Nebraska is also presented as it was known to that point. At the conclusion of Blackman’s report, …