Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

A Counterfactual Decomposition Analysis Of Immigrants-Natives Earnings In Malaysia. Economics Discussion Papers, No 2011-51, Muhammad Anees

Muhammad Anees

Economics of discrimination has been the topic of interest of many in the last decade or two. Human capital theory describes wage determination as a function of labour human capital and should be determined based on marginal productivity theorem of labour economics. Islamic theology also dictates paying labour well in time and equal to their productivity not based on his colour, race, gender, nationality health status and other non-economic factors. The current study analyses the immigrants-natives wage gap to find the extent of potential discrimination against the immigrants. Using employees’ level data from the Enterprise Surveys by the World Bank …

Designing Carbon Taxation Schemes For Automobiles: A Simulation Exercise For Germany, Adamos Adamou, Sofronis Clerides, Theodoros Zachariadis

Theodoros Zachariadis

Vehicle taxation based on CO2 emissions is increasingly being adopted worldwide in order to shift consumer purchases to low-carbon cars, yet little is known about the effectiveness and overall economic impact of these schemes. We focus on feebate schemes, which impose a fee on high-carbon vehicles and give a rebate to purchasers of low-carbon automobiles. We estimate a discrete choice model of demand for automobiles in Germany and simulate the impact of alternative feebate schemes on emissions, consumer welfare, public revenues and firm profits. The analysis shows that a well-designed scheme can lead to emission reductions without reducing overall welfare.

Toolkit And Guidance For Preventing And Managing Land And Natural Resources Conflict: Conflict Prevention In Resource-Rich Economies, Cosmas Milton Obote Ochieng Ochieng

Cosmas Milton Obote Ochieng Ochieng

Natural resource exports such as oil, diamonds and copper provide opportunities to drive growth and human development. However, extraction of these commodities can also result in slow growth, poverty and conflict. This paper focuses on four questions. First, how does natural resource dependence impede economic and social progress? Second, how does lack of economic and social progress translate into violent conflict? Third, which economic policies lessen the risk of conflict? Fourth, what are the programmatic implications for UNDP?

By synthesizing country cases, this paper shows that resource-based countries face a higher risk of experiencing violent conflict because of increases in …

Panel Count Data Analysis Of Determinants Of Cigarette Smoking: Evidence From British Household Panel Survey, 2001-2009,, Muhammad Anees

Muhammad Anees

Count Datasets contain relatively larger number of realizations of nonnegative integer-valued random variable. The nature necessitates application of regression models based on binomial probability distributions including Poisson, Zero-Inflated Poisson or Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial distributions to infer valid predictions. This paper will use micro-dataset from the British Household Panel Survey (Abbreviated and Well-known as BHPS) to identify factors determining the participation decisions to smoke at the individual level. It is evident from the results that the educated and married person’s participation to smoke is lower than the participation of divorced and separated individuals. Congruent participation to smoke of unemployed or newly …

Multinational Companies And Investments In Sudan: Case Study Of Oil Exploration And Extraction, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

The purpose of this paper is to present the role of multinational companies in general then its role in Sudan with particular emphasis on oil exploration and extraction. Chinese companies of multinationalities currently control the newly born oil industry in the country. Needless to say that the dire needs of the government because of its international isolation and sanctions compelled it to be subjected to bellow standards conditions in all economic and environmental aspects. The government accepted the conditions for the past twelve years. However, the secession of Southern Sudan into new country gives better re-negotiations opportunity to the newly …

African Economic Blocs And Trade: Case Study Of Comesa And Sudan, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Comprehensively, Economic Trade Partnerships and Blocs are important to a member country. However, with the continuing global financial distresses it is useful to evaluate them to maximize possible benefit. The question of joining, continue membership with the Comesa is vital to the Sudanese economy that presently stands in a very decisive time. The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa is a free trade area with nineteen member states stretching from Libya to Zimbabwe. COMESA formed in December 1994, replacing a Preferential Trade Area which had existed since 1981. Nine of the member states formed a free trade area in …

Economic Papers Online, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Those are economic papers online on the pages of Econpaper by Issam AW Mohamed

Review Of The Role Of Agriculture In Sudan Economy, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

The calamities of Sudan expand on daily basis. The secession of Southern Sudan has deprived the country of 25% of it total area, 24% of population, over 80% of its oil income. Moreover, it has separated with 75% of it vegetation cover and 30% of potential arable land. In addition, Sudan stands to tolerate at least 25% of its water resources. Economic situation precarious with the Darfur rebellions, the inception of Southern Kordofan's region civil strive and the inflamed complaints in its Blue Nile region. That resulted besides deprivation of oil revenues and other potentials to increased cost of national …

Effects Of The Humanitarian Aid, Internal Displacement On The Social Impacts In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

The study presented here reviews activities of NGOs in Sudan by surveying and studying the activities of Save the Children of United Kingdom. Activities of NGOs in Sudan were always a controversial issue that resulted in the expulsion of many in 2009. There were also precedents of such expulsions in previous and following years. The paper discusses humanitarian work in Sudan, positive and negative sides. The case study's activities of the Save the Children efforts in Jebel Aulia Internally Displaced People, specially their efforts in education were investigated. It is concluded that introduce invaluable help in educational field, building classes …

The Explosion In Mari, Cyprus, The Cost Of Power Shortages, And Policy Recommendations, Theodoros Zachariadis, Panos Pashardes, Nicoletta Pashourtidou

Theodoros Zachariadis

No abstract provided.

Global Financial Crisis And Effects On The Agricultural Sector Of Sudan, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

The severe impacts of the global financial crisis had effects on all world. However, in Sudan scientists and researchers were greatly shocked because of the governmental camouflaging on their real effects on the economy. Minister of National Economy and Finance denied the effects on the Sudanese economy. The governor of the Sudan Central bank did the same with emphasis from both that everything are quite and normal and that Sudan can absorb all shocks on its economic performance. Truly, they ave eaten their words in the following months and confessed the partial effects on the Sudanese economy. Moreover, after they …

Thieves Or Doctors, Armed Civil Conflicts In Darfur And Impacts On Education In Refugees Camps, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

The study presented here depends on a field survey of refugees' camps in war strived Darfur region. The data are genuine from people and children. The expelling of NGOs from the region was a moral shock to the whole world, but in Darfur, it was a humanitarian catastrophe affecting the population. In this paper, I surveyed and analyzed data on what I consider the most important factor which are children and establish education as the base of the arguments introduced here. A case study is introduced which is Attash refugees or displaced camp were produced. Data were collected by field …

The Crisis Of A Nation (1), Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

This is the first part of a book I started writing in the year 2008 under the title of Sad Triology: The Crisis of a Nation. I name this chapter the Delirium as it represents the political response to what happens in the country due to the international outrage and pressures to Darfur Crisis. This part is narrating pressures on Sudan's Inqaz regime, specially after the Darfur region crisis and civil wars, the rage of the international society and responses, the impacts of the International Instututions including the ICC and the hunt for justice. All those qualitative variables had responses …

Wto-Doha Multilateral Trade Negotiations And Agriculture, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

The Doha Development Round or Doha Development Agenda (DDA) is the current trade-negotiation round of the World Trade Organization (WTO), which launched in November 2001. With the start of this round, non-trade concerns (NTCs) were explicitly renowned and integrated into the negotiation process. Generally, multi-functionality proponents attempt to resist agricultural trade liberalization by giving high support to protect their domestic producers. These are net food importing countries, some small countries with highly protected agricultural sector and large trade deficits in some main outputs and unfavourable agro-climatic conditions. The opponents of the multi-functionality argument all claim to recognize the legitimacy of …

Conspicuous Conservation And Private Provision Of Public Goods, Steven E. Sexton, Alison Sexton

Steven E. Sexton

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Climate Variability And Climate Change On Crop Production And Water Resources In Cyprus, Adriana Bruggeman, Christos Zoumides, Stelios Pashiardis, Panos Hadjinicolaou, Manfred Lange, Theodoros Zachariadis

Theodoros Zachariadis

No abstract provided.

Conspicuous Conservation: The Prius Effect And Willingness To Pay For Environmental Bona Fides, Steven E. Sexton

Steven E. Sexton

The notion that individuals seek status among their peers predates economics. A considerable literature has relied on status-seeking motives to explain anomalies in consumption behavior, such as upward sloping demand curves and persistent demand for luxury brand items that provide the same functionality as cheaper alternatives. As social norms change, so may the social response to signals. In particular, there is anecdotal evidence that amid growing concern about climate change and environmental degradation, costly signals of austerity may afford the status once reserved for those who displayed ostentation. In this paper, we develop a theory of conspicuous conservation and test …

Empowerment, Corruption And Economic Chaos In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

In a country on the eve of losing one third of its land, 80% of potential natural resources and 75% of external exports value, economic future seems gloomy. Many opinions were given for economic solutions after the Southern Sudan secession. However, that does not support a theoretical framework that those are the only reasons for the expected economic collapse. Our theory here is that such collapse already happened because of economic mismanagement, corruption and hoarding initiated by the calls for empowerment and carried out by the regime's members. Such acts extended to the banks, economic institutions and randomized privatization. The …

Analysis Of Hiv/Aids Incidents In Sudan With Reference To Khartoum State, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

The present paper introduces results of an analysis conducted on data collected from Khartoum state for the yea 2009. It aims to apply statistical models for the HIV/AIDS data in Khartoum state centers of testing blood and counseling. AIDS is recognized as an emerging disease only in the early 1980s, AIDS has rapidly established itself throughout the world, and is likely to endure and persist well into the 21s century. AIDS has evolved from a mysterious illness to a global pandemic which has infected tens of millions less than 20 years. The importance of the study is to emphasize that …

Pillars Of Demise: Empowerment And Corruption, Economic Chaos And Political Disintegration In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

In a country on the eve of losing one third of its land, 80% of potential natural resources and 75% of external exports value, economic future seems gloomy. Many opinions were given for economic solutions after the Southern Sudan secession. However, that does not support a theoretical framework that those are the only reasons for the expected economic collapse. Our theory here is that such collapse already happened because of economic mismanagement, corruption and hoarding initiated by the calls for empowerment and carried out by the regime's members. Such acts extended to the banks, economic institutions and randomized privatization. The …

Review Of Somalia, Greed, Colonization And Socioeconomic Impacts, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

In a country that lost all feasible authorities for over twenty years economic future seems gloomy. No feasible economic solutions are seen. The paper review auspices of the Somalian tragedy and retort history of its last dictatorship, Siad Barri, the following civil conflict and the process of the present total war, everyone against everyone. Socioeconomic impacts are discussed along with the education situation and state human capital there.

Economics Of Water Use For Commodity Production In Scarcity Arid Regions: Kutum, Darfur, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

The paper investigates water use in a rural village in semi-arid of Darfur region. Water use is viewed from the perspective of four production sectors: agriculture, rural industry, trade and services as well as domestic: drinking, cooking and sanitary uses. Water for these uses may be from three sources: rain water, surface water, and groundwater. This study focuses on groundwater. Results of a detailed survey indicate that groundwater use is dominated by agricultural activities including irrigated vegetables and grains, tree crops, and animal rearing. A ratio of water use to income generated is used as a measure of water intensity …

Did High Gas Prices Cause The Great Recession? Theory And Empirical Evidence, Steven E. Sexton, Junjie Wu, David Zilberman

Steven E. Sexton

No abstract provided.

Impacts Of The Political Regime On The High Education System Of Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

In totalitarian systems, especially that of dogmatic nature, education is often targeted to be devoted for the preparations of young generations and dedicating them to the regimes' structure and principles. However, such method negatively influences the educational system and renders the efficient inputs to students. The results can be manifested in deterioration of knowledge, human capital development and the future performance per se.

An Overview Of Economic Patterns Of Partnerships Between Developing And Rich Countries With Special Reference To Usa And Sudan, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

The current paper presents unique approach to economic analysis where the theoretical framework applied here postulates that relationships between rogue countries, such as Korea, Syria, Iran and Sudan necessarily are potential parts for an economically mutual and viably profitable partnership. The paper reviews such relationships, especially between African and European countries like Lume and kotono. I first present a review of existing trade and economic partnerships. Next, I discuss economic relationships between developed and developing countries. It is revealed that in some instances, the predatory nature of those agreements and partnerships are manifested which atrophy the basic potentials of the …

Poverty Alleviation, Banks' Structures And Islamic Financing In Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

The continuous regressions in the per capita income of the Sudanese people have triggered many suggestions to ameliorate their productive capabilities. One of them was the facilitations in financing programs through official channels. However, there are many structural impediments that inhibit those programs. One of the financial programs was the Small or miniature financing in addition to the establishment to specialized Banks as the Family Bank. The current paper discusses issues of financing in Sudan as part of programs initiated to improve income per capita. Islamic and regular financing systems are analyzed in order to explain existing impediments. Then Family …

Implications Of Economic Interactions Between Northern And Southern Tribes Of Sudan, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

The present paper discusses issues of the tribal interactions living on the borders between North and South Sudan. Foresights are looked for, especially after secession. There are multiple ethnic relations and mutual resources collectively utilized. Different tribes live on those resources, in specifics those who depend on a livelihood of herding cattle, camels, sheep and goats. The conceptions of no-borders, free water resources and open range were entrenched for hundreds of years. The sudden realization of necessities of new borders generates revulsion, sense of deprivation and end of traditional life practice. Additionally, development issues are weak with lack of infrastructure, …

Economic Perspectives Of Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Technology Transfer And Rural Water Use In Darfur, Issam A.W. Mohamed Professor

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Civil strife, human sufferings are the signs pronounced by international media. There are political ramifications of the Darfur crisis, however, there are also the problems of water availability and methods of utilization. The current paper analyzes field data survey collected from the town of Kutum, Northern Darfur where the civil crisis started. The focus is on studying methods and utilization efficiency in the area. It is concluded here that it is important to revise technological transfer to me integrated with the indigenous knowledge for better and sustainable water use in Kutum, Darfur.

Using Garch Model In The Analysis Of Trade Liberalization And Poverty In Developing Countries, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

The current paper reviews impacts of trade liberalization on developing countries and levels of poverty. The expected impacts of multilateral trade liberalization on wage levels and subsequent poverty are implored. Empirical Auto-regression models are visualized to develop a different set of strategies and programs to provide real benefits to the poor with real benefits. It is concluded that GARCH updating formula takes the weighted average of the unconditional variance, the squared residual for the first observation and the starting variance and estimates the variance of the second observation. This input into the forecast of the third variance and so forth. …

Water Use For Commodity Production In Scarcity Arid Regions: Kutum, Darfur, Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed

This paper investigates water use in a rural village in semi-arid of Darfur region. Water use is viewed from the perspective of four production sectors: agriculture, rural industry, trade and services as well as domestic: drinking, cooking and sanitary uses. Water for these uses may be from three sources: rain water, surface water, and groundwater. This study focuses on groundwater. Results of a detailed survey indicate that groundwater use is dominated by agricultural activities including irrigated vegetables and grains, tree crops, and animal rearing. A ratio of water use to income generated is used as a measure of water intensity …