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Articles 1 - 23 of 23
Full-Text Articles in Physics
The Aging And Impacts Of Atmospheric Soot: Closing The Gap Between Experiments And Models, Ogochukwu Yvonne Enekwizu
The Aging And Impacts Of Atmospheric Soot: Closing The Gap Between Experiments And Models, Ogochukwu Yvonne Enekwizu
Dissertations
The main goal of this dissertation is to generate data and parameterizations to accurately represent soot aerosols in atmospheric models. Soot from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass burning is a major air pollutant and a significant contributor to climate warming. The environmental impacts of soot are strongly dependent on the particle morphology and mixing state, which evolve continuously during atmospheric transport via a process known as aging. To make predictions of soot impacts on the environment, most atmospheric models adopt simplifications of particle structure and mixing state, which lead to substantial uncertainties. Using an experimentally constrained modeling approach, …
Large Global Variations In Measured Airborne Metal Concentrations Driven By Anthropogenic Sources, Jacob Mcneill, Randal V. Martin, Nofel Lagrosas, 35 Co-Authors
Large Global Variations In Measured Airborne Metal Concentrations Driven By Anthropogenic Sources, Jacob Mcneill, Randal V. Martin, Nofel Lagrosas, 35 Co-Authors
SOSE Affiliate: Manila Observatory
Globally consistent measurements of airborne metal concentrations in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) are important for understanding potential health impacts, prioritizing air pollution mitigation strategies, and enabling global chemical transport model development. PM2.5 filter samples (N ~ 800 from 19 locations) collected from a globally distributed surface particulate matter sampling network (SPARTAN) between January 2013 and April 2019 were analyzed for particulate mass and trace metals content. Metal concentrations exhibited pronounced spatial variation, primarily driven by anthropogenic activities. PM2.5 levels of lead, arsenic, chromium, and zinc were significantly enriched at some locations by factors of 100–3000 compared …
Parametric Model Development For Heterogeneous Atmospheric Conditions, Daniel Paul Greenway
Parametric Model Development For Heterogeneous Atmospheric Conditions, Daniel Paul Greenway
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
No abstract provided.
A Climatological Analysis Of The Monsoon Break Following The Summer Monsoon Onset Over Luzon Island, Philippines, Lyndon Mark P. Olaguera, Jun Matsumoto, Hisayuki Kubota, Esperanza O. Cayanan, Flaviana D. Hilario
A Climatological Analysis Of The Monsoon Break Following The Summer Monsoon Onset Over Luzon Island, Philippines, Lyndon Mark P. Olaguera, Jun Matsumoto, Hisayuki Kubota, Esperanza O. Cayanan, Flaviana D. Hilario
Physics Faculty Publications
This study investigates the climatology of the monsoon break following the onset of the summer rainy season over Luzon Island (120–122.5°E, 13–22°N) in the Philippines from 1979–2017. The first post-onset monsoon break is remarkable in stations located over the north and central Luzon Island and occurs climatologically in early June. Composite analysis of the large-scale circulation features during the monsoon break period shows that this break is associated with the westward extension of the western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH), which weakened the monsoon southwesterlies and induced enhanced low-level divergence over Luzon Island. The westward extension of the WNPSH may …
Atmospheric Measurements With Unmanned Aerial Systems (Uas), Marcelo I. Guzman
Atmospheric Measurements With Unmanned Aerial Systems (Uas), Marcelo I. Guzman
Chemistry Faculty Publications
This Special Issue provides the first literature collection focused on the development and implementation of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and their integration with sensors for atmospheric measurements on Earth. The research covered in the Special Issue combines chemical, physical, and meteorological measurements performed in field campaigns as well as conceptual and laboratory work. Useful examples for the development of platforms and autonomous systems for environmental studies are provided, which demonstrate how careful the operation of sensors aboard UAS must be to gather information for remote sensing in the atmosphere. The work serves as a key collection of articles to introduce …
Physics-Constrained Hyperspectral Data Exploitation Across Diverse Atmospheric Scenarios, Nicholas M. Westing
Physics-Constrained Hyperspectral Data Exploitation Across Diverse Atmospheric Scenarios, Nicholas M. Westing
Theses and Dissertations
Hyperspectral target detection promises new operational advantages, with increasing instrument spectral resolution and robust material discrimination. Resolving surface materials requires a fast and accurate accounting of atmospheric effects to increase detection accuracy while minimizing false alarms. This dissertation investigates deep learning methods constrained by the processes governing radiative transfer to efficiently perform atmospheric compensation on data collected by long-wave infrared (LWIR) hyperspectral sensors. These compensation methods depend on generative modeling techniques and permutation invariant neural network architectures to predict LWIR spectral radiometric quantities. The compensation algorithms developed in this work were examined from the perspective of target detection performance using …
Snow-Albedo Feedback In Northern Alaska: How Vegetation Influences Snowmelt, Lucas C. Reckhaus
Snow-Albedo Feedback In Northern Alaska: How Vegetation Influences Snowmelt, Lucas C. Reckhaus
Theses and Dissertations
This paper investigates how the snow-albedo feedback mechanism of the arctic is changing in response to rising climate temperatures. Specifically, the interplay of vegetation and snowmelt, and how these two variables can be correlated. This has the potential to refine climate modelling of the spring transition season. Research was conducted at the ecoregion scale in northern Alaska from 2000 to 2020. Each ecoregion is defined by distinct topographic and ecological conditions, allowing for meaningful contrast between the patterns of spring albedo transition across surface conditions and vegetation types. The five most northerly ecoregions of Alaska are chosen as they encompass …
Effects Of Surfactants On The Generation Of Sea Spray During Tropical Cyclones, Breanna L. Vanderplow
Effects Of Surfactants On The Generation Of Sea Spray During Tropical Cyclones, Breanna L. Vanderplow
All HCAS Student Capstones, Theses, and Dissertations
Despite significant improvement in computational and observational capabilities, predicting intensity and intensification of major tropical cyclones remains a challenge. In 2017 Hurricane Maria intensified to a Category 5 storm within 24 hours, devastating Puerto Rico. In 2019 Hurricane Dorian, predicted to remain tropical storm, unexpectedly intensified into a Category 5 storm and destroyed the Bahamas. The official forecast and computer models were unable to predict rapid intensification of these storms. One possible reason for this is that key physics, including microscale processes at the air-sea interface, are poorly understood and parameterized in existing forecast models.
Under tropical cyclones, the air-sea …
Wave-Optics Investigation Of Turbulence Thermal Blooming Interaction: Ii. Using Time-Dependent Simulations, Mark F. Spencer
Wave-Optics Investigation Of Turbulence Thermal Blooming Interaction: Ii. Using Time-Dependent Simulations, Mark F. Spencer
Faculty Publications
Part II of this two-part paper uses wave-optics simulations to look at the Monte Carlo averages associated with turbulence and time-dependent thermal blooming (TDTB). The goal is to investigate turbulence thermal blooming interaction (TTBI). At wavelengths near 1 μm, TTBI increases the amount of constructive and destructive interference (i.e., scintillation) that results from high-power laser beam propagation through distributed-volume atmospheric aberrations. As a result, we use the spherical-wave Rytov number, the number of wind-clearing periods, and the distortion number to gauge the strength of the simulated turbulence and TDTB. These parameters simply greatly given propagation paths with constant atmospheric conditions. …
Measurements Of Optical Turbulence Over 149-Km Path, Jack E. Mccrae, Santasri Bose-Pillai, Steven T. Fiorino, Aaron J. Archibald, Joel Meoak, Brannon Elmore, Thomas Kesler, Christopher A. Rice
Measurements Of Optical Turbulence Over 149-Km Path, Jack E. Mccrae, Santasri Bose-Pillai, Steven T. Fiorino, Aaron J. Archibald, Joel Meoak, Brannon Elmore, Thomas Kesler, Christopher A. Rice
Faculty Publications
An experiment was conducted to study turbulence along a 149-km path between the Mauna Loa and Haleakala mountain tops using digital cameras and light-emitting diode (LED) beacons. Much of the path is over the ocean, and a large portion of the path is 3 km above sea level. On the Mauna Loa side, six LED beacons were placed in a roughly linear array with pair spacings from 7 to 62 m. From the Haleakala side, a pair of cameras separated by 83.8 cm observed these beacons. Turbulence along the path induces tilts on the wavefronts, which results in displacements of …
Wave-Optics Investigation Of Turbulence Thermal Blooming Interaction: I. Using Steady-State Simulations, Mark F. Spencer
Wave-Optics Investigation Of Turbulence Thermal Blooming Interaction: I. Using Steady-State Simulations, Mark F. Spencer
Faculty Publications
Part I of this two-part paper uses wave-optics simulations to look at the Monte Carlo averages associated with turbulence and steady-state thermal blooming (SSTB). The goal is to investigate turbulence thermal blooming interaction (TTBI). At wavelengths near 1 μm, TTBI increases the amount of constructive and destructive interference (i.e., scintillation) that results from high-power laser beam propagation through distributed-volume atmospheric aberrations. As a result, we use the spherical-wave Rytov number and the distortion number to gauge the strength of the simulated turbulence and SSTB. These parameters simplify greatly given propagation paths with constant atmospheric conditions. In addition, we use the …
Turbulence Profiling Using Pupil Plane Wavefront Data Derived Fried Parameter Values For A Dynamically Ranged Rayleigh Beacon, Steven M. Zuraski, Elizabeth Beecher, Jack E. Mccrae, Steven T. Fiorino
Turbulence Profiling Using Pupil Plane Wavefront Data Derived Fried Parameter Values For A Dynamically Ranged Rayleigh Beacon, Steven M. Zuraski, Elizabeth Beecher, Jack E. Mccrae, Steven T. Fiorino
Faculty Publications
Long-range optical imaging applications are typically hindered by atmospheric turbulence. The effect of turbulence on an imaging system can manifest itself as an image blur effect usually quantified by the phase distortions present in the system. The blurring effect can be understood on the basis of the measured strength of atmospheric optical turbulence along the propagation path and its impacts on phase perturbation statistics within the imaging system. One method for obtaining these measurements is by the use of a dynamically ranged Rayleigh beacon system that exploits strategically varied beacon ranges along the propagation path, effectively obtaining estimates of the …
Implications Of Four-Dimensional Weather Cubes For Improved Cloud-Free Line-Of-Sight Assessments Of Free-Space Optical Communications Link Performance, Steven T. Fiorino, Santasri Bose-Pillai, Jaclyn Schmidt, Brannon Elmore, Kevin J. Keefer
Implications Of Four-Dimensional Weather Cubes For Improved Cloud-Free Line-Of-Sight Assessments Of Free-Space Optical Communications Link Performance, Steven T. Fiorino, Santasri Bose-Pillai, Jaclyn Schmidt, Brannon Elmore, Kevin J. Keefer
Faculty Publications
We advance the benefits of previously reported four-dimensional (4-D) weather cubes toward the creation of high-fidelity cloud-free line-of-sight (CFLOS) beam propagation for realistic assessment of autotracked/dynamically routed free-space optical (FSO) communication datalink concepts. The weather cubes accrue parameterization of optical effects and custom atmospheric resolution through implementation of numerical weather prediction data in the Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference atmospheric characterization and radiative transfer code. 4-D weather cube analyses have recently been expanded to accurately assess system performance (probabilistic climatologies and performance forecasts) at any wavelength/frequency or spectral band in the absence of field tests and employment data. The …
Phytoplankton Community Composition In The Surface Ocean: Methods For Detection Using Optical Measurements, Pigment Concentrations, And Flow Cytometry, Alison P. Chase
Phytoplankton Community Composition In The Surface Ocean: Methods For Detection Using Optical Measurements, Pigment Concentrations, And Flow Cytometry, Alison P. Chase
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Phytoplankton are microscopic photoautotrophs living in the surface ocean waters and help support all life on earth via photosynthetic production of oxygen. Thousands of species make up the bulk phytoplankton community, and the spatial and temporal distribution of different types of phytoplankton has relevance for many ocean ecosystem questions including marine food web dynamics, and carbon flux and sequestration. Methods to detect phytoplankton community composition (PCC) on the vast scale of the global ocean require estimates of PCC from remote platforms, namely earth-observing satellites. The use of satellite data to observe and interpret PCC in the surface ocean requires significant …
Sulfur Dioxide From The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Satellite, Doug Cameron
Sulfur Dioxide From The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Satellite, Doug Cameron
College of Sciences Posters
The version 4.0 dataset from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment – Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) on SCISAT, released in March of 2019, has sulfur dioxide (SO2) volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles as a routine data product. From this dataset, global SO2 distributions between the altitudes of 10.5 km and 23.5 km are analyzed. The global distribution of all SO2 VMR data by altitude is broken down into 30° and 5° latitude zones. Seasonality of the global SO2 distribution is explored. Volcanic SO2 plumes are isolated in the dataset and compared with extinction data from the …
Trend Analyses Of The Abundances Of Atmospheric Molecules, Anton Fernando
Trend Analyses Of The Abundances Of Atmospheric Molecules, Anton Fernando
Physics Theses & Dissertations
A new line list for the A3Π - X3Σ- electronic transition of NH has been prepared using line positions from the literature and calculated line intensities. High level ab initio calculations were performed with the MOLPRO program to obtain the A - X transition dipole moment function. Potential energy curves and line strengths were calculated with Le Roy's RKR1 and LEVEL programs. Line intensities and Einstein A values were calculated with Western's PGOPHER program after converting the Hund's case (b) output of LEVEL to Hund's case (a) input needed for PGOPHER. The Herman- Wallis effect is …
Effect Of Channelized And Unchannelized Lateral Outflow On Three-Dimensional Flow Structure And Sediment Transport Mechanisms In A River Delta, Mohammad Kifayath Chowdhury
Effect Of Channelized And Unchannelized Lateral Outflow On Three-Dimensional Flow Structure And Sediment Transport Mechanisms In A River Delta, Mohammad Kifayath Chowdhury
LSU Master's Theses
Spatial and temporal patterns in three-dimensional flow structure have been linked to channel morphology and processes in many environments, including river meander bends, confluences-diffluences, and bedrock canyons. However, there is not yet an understanding of how channelized and gradual, distributed lateral outflows that are often prevalent in deltaic distributary systems influence three-dimensional flow structure and sediment transport mechanisms. This thesis presents an analysis of 3D flow structure data collected from Wax Lake Delta, a naturally developing river-dominated delta in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Three hydrographic surveys were conducted using boat-mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) at two sites: an …
Determining Bulk Aerosol Absorption From Off Axis Backscattering Using Rayleigh Beacon Laser Pulses, Julie C. Grossnickle
Determining Bulk Aerosol Absorption From Off Axis Backscattering Using Rayleigh Beacon Laser Pulses, Julie C. Grossnickle
Theses and Dissertations
Aerosol absorption and scattering can play a key role in degrading high energy laser performance in the form of thermal blooming and beam attenuation. Aerosol absorption properties are not completely understood, and thus affect how we are able to quantify expected high energy laser weapon performance. The Air Force Institute of Technology Center for Directed Energy (AFIT CDE) developed both Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference (LEEDR) and the High Energy Laser End-to-End Operational Simulation (HELEEOS) code to characterize atmospheric radiative transfer effects and evaluate expected directed energy weapon system performance. These packages enable modeling of total irradiance at given …
Homestead National Monument Of America, Acoustic Monitoring, 2011-2012
Homestead National Monument Of America, Acoustic Monitoring, 2011-2012
United States National Park Service: Publications
Executive Summary
This report presents acoustical data gathered by Student Conservation Association interns and the Natural Resource Specialist at Homestead National Monument of America in 2011 and 2012. Data were collected at four sites to provide park managers with information on the acoustical environment, sources of noise, and the existing ambient sound levels within the monument. The data will also inform the park managers with information regarding the potential impact of traffic on Highway 4.
Monitoring occurred at each site during two different seasons (except HOME002) in order to document seasonal variations. In each deployment, sound pressure level (SPL) was …
Non-Tropical Cyclone Related Winter Heavy Rainfall Events Over The Philippines: Climatology And Mechanisms, Lyndon Mark Olaguera, Jun Matsumoto, Julie Mae Dado, Gemma T. Narisma
Non-Tropical Cyclone Related Winter Heavy Rainfall Events Over The Philippines: Climatology And Mechanisms, Lyndon Mark Olaguera, Jun Matsumoto, Julie Mae Dado, Gemma T. Narisma
Physics Faculty Publications
This study investigates non-tropical cyclone (TC) related boreal winter heavy rainfall events that lead to extensive flooding (HRF) over the Philippines through a case study and composite analysis. The HRF event examined occurred during January 16–22, 2017 over Cagayan de Oro City (CDO) in Mindanao Island (122–127°E, 5–10°N). The accumulated rainfall over CDO reached by about 180 mm from 00 UTC January 16 to 00 UTC January 17, 2017, exceeding the climatological maximum daily rainfall in January over this area. The interaction of a westward propagating cyclonic circulation over Mindanao Island (MCC) and a shearline that is associated with an …
Size And Density Of Upside-Down Jellyfish, Cassiopea Sp., And Their Impact On Benthic Fluxes In A Caribbean Lagoon, Chester B. Zarnoch, Noshin Hossain, Erika Fusco, Mary Alldred, Timothy J. Hoellein, Sophia Perdikaris
Size And Density Of Upside-Down Jellyfish, Cassiopea Sp., And Their Impact On Benthic Fluxes In A Caribbean Lagoon, Chester B. Zarnoch, Noshin Hossain, Erika Fusco, Mary Alldred, Timothy J. Hoellein, Sophia Perdikaris
School of Global Integrative Studies: Faculty Publications
Anthropogenic disturbances may be increasing jellyfish populations globally. Epibenthic jellyfish are ideal organisms for studying this phenomenon due to their sessile lifestyle, broad geographic distribution, and prevalence in near-shore coastal environments. There are few studies, however, that have documented epibenthic jellyfish abundance and measured their impact on ecological processes in tropical ecosystems. In this study, the density and size of the upside-down jellyfish (Cassiopea spp.) were measured in Codrington Lagoon, Barbuda. A sediment core incubation study, with and without Cassiopea, also was performed to determine their impact on benthic oxygen and nutrient fluxes. Densities of Cassiopea were 24–168 …
Developing A Uas-Deployable Methane Sensor Using Low-Cost Modular Open-Source Components, Gavin Demali
Developing A Uas-Deployable Methane Sensor Using Low-Cost Modular Open-Source Components, Gavin Demali
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
This project aimed to develop a methane sensor for deployment on an unmanned aerial system (UAS), or drone, platform. This design is centered around low cost, commercially available modular hardware components and open source software libraries. Once successfully developed, this system was deployed at the Bath Nature Preserve in Bath Township, Summit County Ohio in order to detect any potential on site fugitive methane emissions in the vicinity of the oil and gas infrastructure present. The deliverables of this project (i.e. the data collected at BNP) will be given to the land managers there to better inform future management and …
Easterly Waves Over The Eastern Pacific, Victor Manuel Torres Puente
Easterly Waves Over The Eastern Pacific, Victor Manuel Torres Puente
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The research in this thesis explores different processes associated with the life cycle of Easterly Waves over the tropical Eastern Pacific. These include genesis, structural evolution, intensification and a dissipating stage.