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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Physics
Measurement Of A Weak Transition Moment Using Coherent Control, Dionysios Antypas
Measurement Of A Weak Transition Moment Using Coherent Control, Dionysios Antypas
Open Access Dissertations
We have developed a two-pathway Coherent Control technique for measurements of weak optical transition moments. We demonstrate this technique through a measurement of the transition moment of the highly-forbidden magnetic dipole transition between the 6s2S1/21/2 and 7s2S1/21/2 states in atomic Cesium. The experimental principle is based on a two-pathway excitation, using two phase-coherent laser fields, a fundamental field at 1079 nm and its second harmonic at 539.5 nm. The IR field induces a strong two-photon transition, while the 539.5 nm field drives a pair of weak one-photon transitions: a Stark-induced transition of …
Nanoscale Semiconductor Materials And Devices Employing Hybrid 1d And 2d Structures For Tunable Electronic And Photonic Applications, Suprem Ranjan Das
Nanoscale Semiconductor Materials And Devices Employing Hybrid 1d And 2d Structures For Tunable Electronic And Photonic Applications, Suprem Ranjan Das
Open Access Dissertations
Das, Suprem R. Ph.D., Purdue University, December 2013. Nanoscale Semiconductor Materials and Devices employing Hybrid 1D and 2D structures for Tunable Electronic and Photonic Applications. Major Professor: Dr. David B. Janes.
Continued miniaturization of microelectronic devices over past decades has brought the device feature size towards the physical limit. Likewise, enormous `waste energy' in the form of self-heating in almost all of the electronic and optoelectronic devices needs an `energy-efficient low power' and `high performance' material as well as device with alternate geometry. III-V semiconductors are proven to be one of the alternate systems of materials for various applications including …
Modeling The Atomic And Electronic Structure Of Metal-Metal, Metal-Semiconductor And Semiconductor-Oxide Interfaces, Ganesh Krishna Hegde
Modeling The Atomic And Electronic Structure Of Metal-Metal, Metal-Semiconductor And Semiconductor-Oxide Interfaces, Ganesh Krishna Hegde
Open Access Dissertations
The continuous downward scaling of electronic devices has renewed attention on the importance of the role of material interfaces in the functioning of key components in electronic technology in recent times. It has also brought into focus the utility of
atomistic modeling in providing insights from a materials design perspective. In this thesis, a combination of Semi Empirical Tight-Binding (TB), first-principles Density
Functional Theory and Reactive Molecular Dynamics (MD) modeling is used to study aspects of the electronic and atomic structure of three such 'canonical' material interfaces - Metal-Metal, Metal-Semiconductor and Semiconductor oxide interfaces.
An important contribution of this thesis …
Atomistic Simulation Of Plasma Interaction With Plasma Facing Components In Fusion Reactors, Xue Yang
Atomistic Simulation Of Plasma Interaction With Plasma Facing Components In Fusion Reactors, Xue Yang
Open Access Dissertations
The interaction between plasma and fusion relevant materials is one of the critical issues in successfully using those materials in Tokamak reactors. This research uses molecular dynamics, kinetic Monte Carlo and binary collision approximation methods to model fusion relevant material bombarded by energetic particles to investigate retention, deposition, sputtering, erosion, blistering effects, diffusion, and so on.
The deuterium bombardment of monocrystalline tungsten was modeled by LAMMPS code using Tersoff type interatomic potential. The deuterium trapping rate, implantation depth, and stopping time in 600-2000 K tungsten bombarded by 5-100 eV deuterium atoms were simulated. Irradiated monocrystalline tungsten became amorphous prior to …
Design And Assembly Of Nanostructured Complex Metal Oxide Materials For The Construction Of Batteries And Thermoelectric Devices, Gautam Ganapati Yadav
Design And Assembly Of Nanostructured Complex Metal Oxide Materials For The Construction Of Batteries And Thermoelectric Devices, Gautam Ganapati Yadav
Open Access Dissertations
Thermoelectric devices and lithium-ion batteries are among the fastest growing energy technologies. Thermoelectric devices generate energy from waste heat, whereas lithium-ion batteries store energy for use in commercial applications. Two different topics are bound with a common thread in this thesis - nanotechnology! In fact, nanostructuring is a more preferred term for the approach I have taken herein. Another commonality between these two topics is the material system I have used to prove my hypotheses - complex metal oxides.
Complex metal oxides can be used for both energy generation and storage as they are stable at high temperatures, are benign …
Gamma-Ray Observations Of X-Ray Binaries, Angelo Varlotta
Gamma-Ray Observations Of X-Ray Binaries, Angelo Varlotta
Open Access Dissertations
The detection of GeV/TeV emission from X-ray binaries (XRBs) has established a new class of high-energy (HE, >0.1 GeV) and very-high-energy (VHE, >100 GeV) gamma-ray emitters. XRBs are formed by a compact object, either a neutron star or a black hole, and by an optical companion star. Some XRBs are known to possess collimated relativistic jets, and are called microquasars. VERITAS has conducted observations of the high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) 1A 0535+262 and of the microquasar Cygnus X-3. Many theoretical models predict VHE emission when these sources manifest persistent relativistic jets or transient ejections. In light of these considerations, VERITAS …
Altered Cholesterol Metabolism In Human Cancers Unraveled By Label-Free Spectroscopic Imaging, Shuhua Yue
Altered Cholesterol Metabolism In Human Cancers Unraveled By Label-Free Spectroscopic Imaging, Shuhua Yue
Open Access Dissertations
Despite tremendous scientific achievements, cancer remains the second leading cause of death in the United States. Metabolic reprogramming has been increasingly recognized as a core hallmark of cancer. My dissertation work identified novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for human cancers through the study of cholesterol in cancer cells.
Enabled by label-free Raman spectromicroscopy, we performed the first quantitative analysis of lipogenesis at single cell level in human patient cancerous tissues. Our imaging data revealed an unexpected, aberrant accumulation of esterified cholesterol in lipid droplets of high-grade prostate cancer and metastases, but not in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or …
Biophysical Studies Of Cholesterol In Unsaturated Phospholipid Model Membranes, Justin Adam Williams
Biophysical Studies Of Cholesterol In Unsaturated Phospholipid Model Membranes, Justin Adam Williams
Open Access Dissertations
Cellular membranes contain a staggering diversity of lipids. The lipids are heterogeneously distributed to create regions, or domains, whose physical properties differ from the bulk membrane and play an essential role in modulating the function of resident proteins. Many basic questions pertaining to the formation of these lateral assemblies remain. This research employs model membranes of well-defined composition to focus on the potential role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their interaction with cholesterol (chol) in restructuring the membrane environment. Omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs are the main bioactive components of fish oil, whose consumption alleviates a variety of health problems by …
The Formation Of Distal Impact Ejecta, Brandon C. Johnson
The Formation Of Distal Impact Ejecta, Brandon C. Johnson
Open Access Dissertations
Here we present two models for the dynamics of ejection and formation of distal impact ejecta. The first model focuses on the most highly shocked material that forms a massive expanding vapor plume or fireball. In this model molten droplets or spherules condense from the vapor. We model the expanding vapor plume using a one dimensional Lagrangian hydrocode. The condensation of droplets is treated by directly coupling the equations for homogeneous nucleation and growth with our hydrocode. The second model is focused on less energetic material ejected as part of the excavation flow. Using the iSALE hydrocode, we determine the …
Experimental Studies Of Lirb: Spectroscopy And Ultracold Molecule Formation By Photoassociation, Sourav Dutta
Experimental Studies Of Lirb: Spectroscopy And Ultracold Molecule Formation By Photoassociation, Sourav Dutta
Open Access Dissertations
Heteronuclear polar molecules have recently attracted enormous attention owing to their ground state having a large electric dipole moment. The long range anisotropic dipole-dipole interaction in such systems is the basis for a variety of applications including quantum computing, precision measurements, ultracold chemistry and quantum simulations. Heteronuclear bi-alkali molecules, only a small subset of polar molecules, have received special attention mainly because the constituent alkali atoms are easy to laser cool and can be relatively easily associated to form molecules at ultracold temperatures. Our choice, the LiRb molecule, is motivated by the relatively high dipole moment (4.1 Debye) of the …
Applicability Of Continuum Fracture Mechanics In Atomistic Systems, Shao-Huan Cheng
Applicability Of Continuum Fracture Mechanics In Atomistic Systems, Shao-Huan Cheng
Open Access Dissertations
By quantitating the amplitude of the unbounded stress, the continuum fracture mechanics defines the stress intensity factor K to characterize the stress and displacement fields in the vicinity of the crack tip, thereby developing the relation between the stress singularity and surface energy (energy release rate G). This G-K relation, assigning physical meaning to the stress intensity factor, makes these two fracture parameters widely used in predicting the onset of crack propagation. However, due to the discrete nature of the atomistic structures without stress singularity, there might be discrepancy between the failure prediction and the reality of nanostructured materials. Defining …
Implementation And Model To Model Intercomparison Of 12 Heat Stress Metrics, Jonathan Robert Buzan
Implementation And Model To Model Intercomparison Of 12 Heat Stress Metrics, Jonathan Robert Buzan
Open Access Theses
Earth system models simulate the dynamics of the most complex systems on our planet with some success. Despite the overwhelming sophistication of these models, which include dynamical interactions of ocean, atmosphere, vegetation, ice, and land-surface properties, they fail to include the most important element. People. Humans are also a complex physical-biological system and coupling of human physiology within an Earth Systems Modeling framework is challenging. This thesis presents results that tackle one particular component of human physiological climate interaction--a representation of heat stress on human physiology. Twelve different metrics were implemented and analyzed. These metrics represent a variety of philosophical …
Quantum Computing With Steady State Spin Currents, Brian Matthew Sutton
Quantum Computing With Steady State Spin Currents, Brian Matthew Sutton
Open Access Theses
Many approaches to quantum computing use spatially confined qubits in the presence of dynamic fields to perform computation. These approaches are contrasted with proposals using mobile qubits in the presence of static fields. In this thesis, steady state quantum computing using mobile electrons is explored using numerical modeling. Firstly, a foundational introduction to the case of spatially confined qubits embodied via quantum dots is provided. A collection of universal gates implemented with dynamic fields is described using simulations. These gates are combined to implement a five-qubit Grover search to provide further insight on the time-dependent field approach. Secondly, the quantum …