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Full-Text Articles in Physics
Entropic Aspects Of Supercooled Droplet Freezing, Alexander Kostinski, Will Cantrell
Entropic Aspects Of Supercooled Droplet Freezing, Alexander Kostinski, Will Cantrell
Department of Physics Publications
The freezing of supercooled water droplets in the atmosphere, with an emphasis on the entropic aspects of the problem, is examined. Supercooled water is a metastable state and, therefore, the associated phase transition must be irreversible. Temperature-dependent heat capacities of supercooled water and ice are used to calculate the entropy difference. That difference is then used to establish a lower bound on the amount of latent heat that can be liberated by the freezing droplets. The calculation is compared with tabulated values of the latent heat of fusion with surprising results. Based on a novel physical picture of the freezing …
Gibbsian Theory Of Power-Law Distributions, R. A. Treumann, C. H. Jaroschek
Gibbsian Theory Of Power-Law Distributions, R. A. Treumann, C. H. Jaroschek
Dartmouth Scholarship
It is shown that power-law phase space distributions describe marginally stable Gibbsian equilibria far from thermal equilibrium, which are expected to occur in collisionless plasmas containing fully developed quasistationary turbulence. Gibbsian theory is extended on the fundamental level to statistically dependent subsystems introducing an ‘‘ordering parameter‘‘ k. Particular forms for the entropy and partition functions are derived with superadditive (nonextensive) entropy, and a redefinition of temperature in such systems is given.
Constructing Explicit Magnetic Analogies For The Dynamics Of Glass Forming Liquids, Jacob D. Stevenson, Aleksandra M. Walczak, Randall W. Hall, Peter G. Wolynes
Constructing Explicit Magnetic Analogies For The Dynamics Of Glass Forming Liquids, Jacob D. Stevenson, Aleksandra M. Walczak, Randall W. Hall, Peter G. Wolynes
Collected Faculty and Staff Scholarship
By defining a spatially varying replica overlap parameter for a supercooled liquid referenced to an ensemble of fiducial liquid state configurations, we explicitly construct a constrained replica free energy functional that maps directly onto an Ising Hamiltonian with both random fields and random interactions whose statistics depend on the liquid structure. Renormalization group results for random magnets when combined with these statistics for the Lennard-Jones glass suggest that discontinuous replica symmetry breaking would occur if a liquid with short range interactions could be equilibrated at a sufficiently low temperature where its mean field configurational entropy would vanish, even though the …
Energy, Entropy And The Environment (How To Increase The First By Decreasing The Second To Save The Third), D. P. Sheehan
Energy, Entropy And The Environment (How To Increase The First By Decreasing The Second To Save The Third), D. P. Sheehan
Physics and Biophysics: Faculty Scholarship
Energy is the lifeblood of civilization, but inexpensive, high energy density sources are rapidly being depleted and their exploitation is severely degrading the environment. This paper explores a radical solution to this energy-environmental dilemma. In the last 10–15 years, the universality of the second law of thermodynamics has fallen into serious theoretical doubt [1–3].Should it prove experimentally violable, this would open the door to a nearly limitless reservoir of ubiquitous, clean, recyclable energy. If economical, it could precipitate paradigm shifts in energy production, utilization and politics. In this paper, recent challenges to the second law are reviewed, with focus given …