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2008

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Articles 1 - 30 of 74

Full-Text Articles in Physics

Gravitational Wave Burst Source Direction Estimation Using Time And Amplitude Information, J. Markowitz, M. Zanolin, L. Cadonati, E. Katsavounidis Dec 2008

Gravitational Wave Burst Source Direction Estimation Using Time And Amplitude Information, J. Markowitz, M. Zanolin, L. Cadonati, E. Katsavounidis

Michele Zanolin

In this article we study two problems that arise when using timing and amplitude estimates from a network of interferometers (IFOs) to evaluate the direction of an incident gravitational wave burst (GWB). First, we discuss an angular bias in the least squares timing-based approach that becomes increasingly relevant for moderate to low signal-to-noise ratios. We show how estimates of the arrival time uncertainties in each detector can be used to correct this bias. We also introduce a stand alone parameter estimation algorithm that can improve the arrival time estimation and provide root-sum-squared strain amplitude (h(rss)) values for each site. In …


Matter-Wave Self-Imaging By Atomic Center-Of-Mass Motion Induced Interference, Ke Li, L. Deng, E. W. Hagley, Marvin G. Payne, M. S. Zhan Dec 2008

Matter-Wave Self-Imaging By Atomic Center-Of-Mass Motion Induced Interference, Ke Li, L. Deng, E. W. Hagley, Marvin G. Payne, M. S. Zhan

Marvin G. Payne

We demonstrate matter-wave self-imaging resulting from atomic center-of-mass motion-based interference. We show that non-negligible atomic center-of-mass motion and an instantaneous Doppler shift can drastically change the condensate momentum distribution, resulting in a periodic collapse and the recurrence of condensate diffraction probability as a function of the stationary light-field pulsing time. The observed matter-wave self-imaging is characterized by an atomic center-of-mass motion induced population amplitude interference in the presence of the light field that simultaneously minimizes all high (n≥1) diffraction orders and maximizes the zeroth diffraction component.


Switchable Polarization-Independent Liquid-Crystal Fabry-Perot Filter, Enkh-Amgalan Dorjgotov, Achintya K. Bhowmik, Philip J. Bos Dec 2008

Switchable Polarization-Independent Liquid-Crystal Fabry-Perot Filter, Enkh-Amgalan Dorjgotov, Achintya K. Bhowmik, Philip J. Bos

Philip J. Bos

A new approach to a polarization-independent twisted liquid-crystal (LC) structure, where phase difference between orthogonal eigenmodes is tuned to be an integer multiple of 2 pi, is demonstrated with a numerical model. For select wavelengths, polarization-independent operation can be achieved by tuning the twist rate and thickness of the LC cavity Applications can be found in polarization-independent switches and field sequential wavelength selection devices.


Detection Of An So2 Plume Over Sapporo, Japan From The Eruption Of Mt. Kasatochi Using A Balloon Sounding Technique, Gary A. Morris, Jun Hirokawa, Masatomo Fujiwara, Fumio Hasebe, Keisuke Ishida, Nicholay Krotkov, Mark R. Schoeberl, Walter Komhyr, Barry Lefer, James Flynn Dec 2008

Detection Of An So2 Plume Over Sapporo, Japan From The Eruption Of Mt. Kasatochi Using A Balloon Sounding Technique, Gary A. Morris, Jun Hirokawa, Masatomo Fujiwara, Fumio Hasebe, Keisuke Ishida, Nicholay Krotkov, Mark R. Schoeberl, Walter Komhyr, Barry Lefer, James Flynn

Gary A. Morris

During the month of August 2008, 10 ozonesondes were launched from Hokkaido University in Sapporo, Japan as part of a study to examine regional pollution during the Olympic period. Seven of these soundings included a second instrument with a filter designed to remove SO2 from the intake air stream. SO2 interferes with the normal chemistry of the electrochemical cell (ECC) method for ozone detection, with the net result being that each molecule of SO2 registers as minus one molecule of O3. Thus the unfiltered sonde reports [O3] - [SO2] while the filtered sonde reports [O3]. Laboratory tests prior to launch …


International Terrorism:Role ,Responsibility And Operation Of Media Channles, Ratnesh Dwivedi Mr Nov 2008

International Terrorism:Role ,Responsibility And Operation Of Media Channles, Ratnesh Dwivedi Mr

Ratnesh Dwivedi

"Terrorism" is a term that cannot be given a stable defintion. Or rather, it can, but to do so forstalls any attempt to examine the major feature of its relation to television in the contemporary world. As the central public arena for organising ways of picturing and talking about social and political life, TV plays a pivotal role in the contest between competing defintions, accounts and explanations of terrorism. Which term is used in any particular context is inextricably tied to judgemements about the legitimacy of the action in question and of the political system against which it is directed. …


All-Optical Suppression Of Relativistic Self-Focusing Of Laser Beams In Plasmas, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Sunghwan A. Yi, Gennady Shvets Oct 2008

All-Optical Suppression Of Relativistic Self-Focusing Of Laser Beams In Plasmas, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Sunghwan A. Yi, Gennady Shvets

Serge Youri Kalmykov

It is demonstrated that a catastrophic relativistic self-focusing (RSF) of a high-power laser pulse can be prevented all-optically by a second, much weaker, copropagating pulse. RSF suppression occurs when the difference frequency of the pulses slightly exceeds the electron plasma frequency. The mutual defocusing is caused by the three-dimensional electron density perturbation driven by the laser beat wave slightly above the plasma resonance. A bi-envelope model describing the early stage of the mutual defocusing is derived and analyzed. Later stages, characterized by the presence of a strong electromagnetic cascade, are investigated numerically. Stable propagation of the laser pulse with weakly …


Homogeneous Dbd In N2: 1) Lif, Talif And Electrical Measurements, N. Gherardi, Et. Es-Sebbar, C. Sarra-Bourret, N. Naudé, F. Massines Oct 2008

Homogeneous Dbd In N2: 1) Lif, Talif And Electrical Measurements, N. Gherardi, Et. Es-Sebbar, C. Sarra-Bourret, N. Naudé, F. Massines

Dr. Et-touhami Es-sebbar

In this paper we compare two different discharges that can be obtained in a DBD configuration, that is to say the filamentary discharge (usual regime in atmospheric DBD) with the Atmospheric Pressure Townsend Discharge (APTD), which is a homogeneous regime obtained in nitrogen atmosphere. The aim is to help in the understanding of the processes which control the transition from one regime to the other. To do so, the discharge is characterized through electrical measurements, coupled with optical diagnostics among which Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) for radical density measurements. The influence of the addition of small quantities of additives on …


Nanoplasmonic Renormalization And Enhancement Of Coulomb Interactions, Maxim Durach, Anastasia Rusina, V. I. Kilmov, Mark I. Stockman Oct 2008

Nanoplasmonic Renormalization And Enhancement Of Coulomb Interactions, Maxim Durach, Anastasia Rusina, V. I. Kilmov, Mark I. Stockman

Anastasia Rusina

In this paper, we propose a general and powerful theory of the plasmonic enhancement of the many-body phenomena resulting in a closed expression for the surface plasmon-dressed Coulomb interaction. We illustrate this theory by computing the dressed interaction explicitly for an important example of metal–dielectric nanoshells which exhibits a rich resonant behavior in magnitude and phase. This interaction is used to describe the nanoplasmonic-enhanced Förster resonant energy transfer (FRET) between nanocrystal quantum dots near a nanoshell.


Seasonal And Longitudinal Dependence Of Equatorialdisturbance Vertical Plasma Drifts, Bela G. Fejer, J. W. Jensen, S. Y. Su Oct 2008

Seasonal And Longitudinal Dependence Of Equatorialdisturbance Vertical Plasma Drifts, Bela G. Fejer, J. W. Jensen, S. Y. Su

Bela G. Fejer

[1] We used equatorial measurements from the ROCSAT-1 satellite to determine the seasonal and longitudinal dependent equatorial F region disturbance vertical plasma drifts. Following sudden increases in geomagnetic activity, the prompt penetration vertical drifts are upward during the day and downward at night, and have strong local time dependence at all seasons. The largest prompt penetration drifts near dusk and dawn occur during June solstice. The daytime disturbance dynamo drifts are small at all seasons. They are downward near dusk with largest (smallest) values during equinox (June solstice); the nighttime drifts are upward with the largest magnitudes in the postmidnight …


Colloidal Micromotor In Smectic A Liquid Crystal Driven By Dc Electric Field, Antal Jakli, Bohdan Senyuk, Guangxun Liao, Oleg Lavrentovich Sep 2008

Colloidal Micromotor In Smectic A Liquid Crystal Driven By Dc Electric Field, Antal Jakli, Bohdan Senyuk, Guangxun Liao, Oleg Lavrentovich

Antal Jakli

Converting linear stimulus to rotation has endless examples in virtually all scales of the universe. One of the interesting examples is Quincke rotation, a spinning rotation of a dielectric sphere neutrally buoyant in an isotropic fluid caused by a unidirectional DC electric field. Recently Quincke rotation has been reported in liquid crystalline (LC) phases, and it was noted that spinning triggers a translational motion normal to the electric field and the rotation axis. In this work, we explain the translation of spinning spheres as a result of hydrodynamic interaction with the bounding walls. We also describe a unique orbiting motion: …


Active Species Generation Of Homogeneous Dbd In N2: Experiment And Modelling, N. Gherardi, Et. Es-Sebbar, C. Sarra-Bourret, N. Naudé, F. Massines, D. Tzyganov, P. Ségur, S. Pancheshnyi Sep 2008

Active Species Generation Of Homogeneous Dbd In N2: Experiment And Modelling, N. Gherardi, Et. Es-Sebbar, C. Sarra-Bourret, N. Naudé, F. Massines, D. Tzyganov, P. Ségur, S. Pancheshnyi

Dr. Et-touhami Es-sebbar

No abstract provided.


Do Gravitational Waves Exist?, Jorge A. Franco Sep 2008

Do Gravitational Waves Exist?, Jorge A. Franco

Jorge A Franco

No abstract provided.


Clathrin Triskelia Show Evidence Of Molecular Flexibility, Matthew L. Ferguson, Kondury Prasad, Hacene Boukari, Dan L. Sackett, Susan Krueger, Eileen M. Lafer, Ralph Nossal Aug 2008

Clathrin Triskelia Show Evidence Of Molecular Flexibility, Matthew L. Ferguson, Kondury Prasad, Hacene Boukari, Dan L. Sackett, Susan Krueger, Eileen M. Lafer, Ralph Nossal

Matthew L. Ferguson

The clathrin triskelion, which is a three-legged pinwheel-shaped heteropolymer, is a major component in the protein coats of certain post-Golgi and endocytic vesicles. At low pH, or at physiological pH in the presence of assembly proteins, triskelia will self-assemble to form a closed clathrin cage, or “basket”. Recent static light scattering and dynamic light scattering studies of triskelia in solution showed that an individual triskelion has an intrinsic pucker similar to, but differing from, that inferred from a high resolution cryoEM structure of a triskelion in a clathrin basket. We extend the earlier solution studies by performing small-angle neutron scattering …


Carbon Nanotube Doped Liquid Crystal Ocb Cells: Physical And Electro-Optical Properties, Shin-Ying Lu, Liang-Chy Chien Aug 2008

Carbon Nanotube Doped Liquid Crystal Ocb Cells: Physical And Electro-Optical Properties, Shin-Ying Lu, Liang-Chy Chien

Liang-Chy Chien

We report single-wall carbon nanotube (CNT) doped liquid crystal materials which show significant improvement in the response time for optical controlled birefringence (OCB) cells. Four different types of liquid crystals (LCs) were chosen to mix with CNTs and they demonstrated similar results in improving the response time. Experimental results show that the anchoring energy at alignment layers has been changed by CNT doping. CNTs were attracted to the alignment layer and modified the property of the surface. The anchoring enhancement is due to the pi-pi electron stacking between the CNTs, LC molecules and alignment layers.


Investigation Of Stun Guns As Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (Emi) Sources, George H. Baker, Ryan C. Tuttle Jul 2008

Investigation Of Stun Guns As Intentional Electromagnetic Interference (Emi) Sources, George H. Baker, Ryan C. Tuttle

George H Baker

Because the operation and control of most critical infrastructures are highly dependent on electronics, it is important to understand the vulnerability of those electronics to intentional electromagnetic interference (EMI). The possibility of interference using readily available consumer devices is a particular concern. We investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of using compact stun guns to intentionally interfere with electronic systems. Test articles included individual computers and computers networked through a central hub. 60KV and 600KV devices were used in the experiments. Results indicate that stun guns are effective in disabling digital electronic systems.


Constraints On The Variability Of Quark Masses From Nuclear Binding, Thibault Damour, John Donoghue Jul 2008

Constraints On The Variability Of Quark Masses From Nuclear Binding, Thibault Damour, John Donoghue

John Donoghue

Based on recent work on nuclear binding, we update and extend the anthropic constraints on the light quark masses, with results that are more tightly constrained than previously obtained. We find that heavy nuclei would fall apart (because the attractive nuclear central potential becomes too weak) if the sum of the light quark masses m_u+m_d would exceed their physical values by 64% (at 95% confidence level). We summarize the anthropic constraints that follow from requiring the existence both of heavy atoms and of hydrogen. With the additional assumption that the quark Yukawa couplings do not vary, these constraints provide a …


Surface Ion-Electron Recombination As The Main Source Of Atoms In Flowing N2 Dbd, D. Tsyganov, Et. Es-Sebbar, S. Pancheshnyi, N. Gherardi, P. Ségur, F. Massines Jul 2008

Surface Ion-Electron Recombination As The Main Source Of Atoms In Flowing N2 Dbd, D. Tsyganov, Et. Es-Sebbar, S. Pancheshnyi, N. Gherardi, P. Ségur, F. Massines

Dr. Et-touhami Es-sebbar

No abstract provided.


Talif Quantification Of Nitrogen Atoms Applied To Experimental Simulation Of Titan’S Atmosphere, Et. Es-Sebbar, Y. Benilan, E. Arzoumanian, M.-C. Gazeau Jul 2008

Talif Quantification Of Nitrogen Atoms Applied To Experimental Simulation Of Titan’S Atmosphere, Et. Es-Sebbar, Y. Benilan, E. Arzoumanian, M.-C. Gazeau

Dr. Et-touhami Es-sebbar

No abstract provided.


S.E.T.U.P., A New Program Of Representative Simulations Of Titan’S Atmosphere: Current Status, M-C. Gazeau, E. Arzoumanian, Y. Benilan, Et. Es-Sebbar, A. Jolly, S. Perrier, C. Romanzin Jul 2008

S.E.T.U.P., A New Program Of Representative Simulations Of Titan’S Atmosphere: Current Status, M-C. Gazeau, E. Arzoumanian, Y. Benilan, Et. Es-Sebbar, A. Jolly, S. Perrier, C. Romanzin

Dr. Et-touhami Es-sebbar

No abstract provided.


Report Of The Commission To Assess The Threat To The United States From Emp Attack: Critical National Infrastructures, William R. Graham Jul 2008

Report Of The Commission To Assess The Threat To The United States From Emp Attack: Critical National Infrastructures, William R. Graham

George H Baker

The physical and social fabric of the United States is sustained by a system of systems; a complex and dynamic network of interlocking and interdependent infrastructures (“critical national infrastructures”) whose harmonious functioning enables the myriad actions, transactions, and information flow that undergird the orderly conduct of civil society in this country. The vulnerability of these frastructures to threats — deliberate, accidental, and acts of nature — is the focus of greatly heightened concern in the current era, a process accelerated by the events of 9/11 and recent hurricanes, including Katrina and Rita. This report presents the results of the Commission’s …


Long Range Electromagnetic Effects Involving Neutral Systems And Effective Field Theory, Br Holstein Jul 2008

Long Range Electromagnetic Effects Involving Neutral Systems And Effective Field Theory, Br Holstein

Barry R Holstein

We analyze the electromagnetic scattering of massive particles with and without spin wherein one particle (or both) is electrically neutral. Using the techniques of effective field theory, we isolate the leading long distance effects, both classical and quantum mechanical. For spinless systems results are identical to those obtained earlier via more elaborate dispersive methods. However, we also find new results if either or both particles carry spin.


Gáz Van Babám, Pal R. Molnar Jul 2008

Gáz Van Babám, Pal R. Molnar

Pal R. Molnar

A közelmúltban az Orosz Védelmi Minisztérium egy rövid közleményben tájékoztatta a világot, hogy az örök fagy birodalma, a tundra olvadóban van. Ennek kapcsán a bejelentő beismert néhány „sajnálatos” problémát is.


Spin-Orbit Coupling In An In0.52Ga0.48As Quantum Well With Two Populated Subbands, P. J. Simmonds, S. N. Holmes, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie Jun 2008

Spin-Orbit Coupling In An In0.52Ga0.48As Quantum Well With Two Populated Subbands, P. J. Simmonds, S. N. Holmes, H. E. Beere, D. A. Ritchie

Paul J. Simmonds

Structural inversion asymmetry controls the magnitude of Rashba spin-orbit coupling in the electron energy spectrum of a narrow band gap semiconductor. We investigate this effect for a series of two-dimensional electron gases in In0.52Ga0.48As quantum wells, surrounded by In0.52Al0.48As barriers, where either one or two electric subbands are populated. Structural inversion asymmetry does not exist at low carrier density while at higher carrier densities (above (4–5) × 1011 cm−2), a finite spin splitting is observed. The spin orbit coupling coefficients (α) are determined from the power spectrum …


The Peculiar Volatile Composition Of Comet 8p/Tuttle: A Contact Binary Of Chemically Distinct Cometesimals?, Boncho P. Bonev, Michael J. Mumma, Yana L. Radeva, Michael A. Disanti, Erika L. Gibb, Geronimo L. Villanueva Jun 2008

The Peculiar Volatile Composition Of Comet 8p/Tuttle: A Contact Binary Of Chemically Distinct Cometesimals?, Boncho P. Bonev, Michael J. Mumma, Yana L. Radeva, Michael A. Disanti, Erika L. Gibb, Geronimo L. Villanueva

Erika Gibb

We report measurements of eight native (i.e., released directly from the comet nucleus) volatiles (H2O, HCN, CH4, C2H2, C2H6, CO, H2CO, and CH3OH) in comet 8P/Tuttle using NIRSPEC at Keck 2. Comet Tuttle reveals a truly unusual composition, distinct from that of any comet observed to date at infrared wavelengths. The prominent enrichment of methanol relative to water contrasts with the depletions of other molecules, especially C2H2, HCN, and H2CO. We suggest that the nucleus of 8P/Tuttle may contain two cometesimals characterized by distinct volatile composition. The relative abundances C2/CN, C2/OH, and CN/OH in 8P/Tuttle (measured at optical/near-UV wavelengths) differ …


Comparison Of Townsend Dielectric Barrier Discharge In N2, N2/O2 And N2/N2o: Behavior And Density Of Radicals, F. Massines, Et. Es-Sebbar, N. Gherardi, N. Naudé, D. Tsyganov, P. Ségur, S. Pancheshnyi Jun 2008

Comparison Of Townsend Dielectric Barrier Discharge In N2, N2/O2 And N2/N2o: Behavior And Density Of Radicals, F. Massines, Et. Es-Sebbar, N. Gherardi, N. Naudé, D. Tsyganov, P. Ségur, S. Pancheshnyi

Dr. Et-touhami Es-sebbar

No abstract provided.


Theoretical Result Of Deflection Of Light Under General Relativity Could Be Wrong, Jorge A. Franco Jun 2008

Theoretical Result Of Deflection Of Light Under General Relativity Could Be Wrong, Jorge A. Franco

Jorge A Franco

Through the new definitions of relativistic mass, gravitational field and that of Energy, obtained in previous work was derived a very approximate value of Mercury’s precession. In present work we address the photon’s motion around a massive body by doing the same treatment done for any mass. The clue to do this is due to realizing that photon has a real mass (depending on its linear momentum, kinetic energy and its frequency) and thus, it is susceptible to be attracted by another mass. According to this work, this is a consistent, general and natural way to attack the problem of …


Technology Development & Design For 22 Nm Ingaas/Inp-Channel Mosfets, Paul J. Simmonds May 2008

Technology Development & Design For 22 Nm Ingaas/Inp-Channel Mosfets, Paul J. Simmonds

Paul J. Simmonds

Because of the low electron effective mass and the high resulting carrier velocities, we are developing InGaAs/InP MOSFETs for potential application in VLSI circuits at scaling generations beyond 22 nm. We will report device design, review gate dielectric growth processes, and describe in detail the development of process modules for fabrication of fully self-aligned enhancement-mode devices. Key design challenges include the effect of the low density of states upon drive current and the effect of the low carrier mass on vertical confinement. Target electrical parameters include ~5 mA/μm drive current and ~7 mS/μm2 transconductance. Key fabrication challenges include formation …


Quiet Time Equatorial F Region Vertical Plasma Drift Model Derived From Rocsat-1 Observations, Bela G. Fejer, J. W. Jensen, S. Y. Su May 2008

Quiet Time Equatorial F Region Vertical Plasma Drift Model Derived From Rocsat-1 Observations, Bela G. Fejer, J. W. Jensen, S. Y. Su

Bela G. Fejer

[1] We have used five years of measurements on board the ROCSAT-1 satellite to develop a detailed quiet time global empirical model for equatorial F region vertical plasma drifts. This model describes the local time, seasonal and longitudinal dependence of the vertical drifts for an altitude of 600 km under moderate and high solar flux conditions. The model results are in excellent agreement with measurements from the Jicamarca radar and also from other ground-based and in situ probes. We show that the longitudinal dependence of the daytime and nighttime vertical drifts is much stronger than reported earlier, especially during December …


Complementary Dimerization Of Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau: Implications For Microtubule Bundling And Tau-Mediated Pathogensis, Jennifer Ross, Kenneth J. Rosenberg, H. Eric Feinstein, Stuart C. Feinstein, Jacob Israelachvili May 2008

Complementary Dimerization Of Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau: Implications For Microtubule Bundling And Tau-Mediated Pathogensis, Jennifer Ross, Kenneth J. Rosenberg, H. Eric Feinstein, Stuart C. Feinstein, Jacob Israelachvili

Jennifer Ross

Tau is an intrinsically unstructured microtubule (MT)-associated protein capable of binding to and organizing MTs into evenly spaced parallel assemblies known as “MT bundles.” How tau achieves MT bundling is enigmatic because each tau molecule possesses only one MT-binding region. To dissect this complex behavior, we have used a surface forces apparatus to measure the interaction forces of the six CNS tau isoforms when bound to mica substrates in vitro. Two types of measurements were performed for each isoform: symmetric configuration experiments measured the interactions between two tau-coated mica surfaces, whereas “asymmetric” experiments examined tau-coated surfaces interacting with a smooth …


Studies Of Laser Wakefield Structures And Electron Acceleration In Underdense Plasmas, Anatoly Maksimchuk, Steven A. Reed, Stepan S. Bulanov, Vladimir Chvykov, Galina Kalintchenko, Takeshi Matsuoka, Christopher Mcguffey, Gerard Mourou, Natalia Naumova, John Nees, Pascal Rousseau, Victor Yanovsky, Karl Krushelnick, Nicholas H. Matlis, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Gennady Shvets, Michael C. Downer, C. R. Vane, J. R. Beene, Daniel W. Stracener, David R. Schultz Apr 2008

Studies Of Laser Wakefield Structures And Electron Acceleration In Underdense Plasmas, Anatoly Maksimchuk, Steven A. Reed, Stepan S. Bulanov, Vladimir Chvykov, Galina Kalintchenko, Takeshi Matsuoka, Christopher Mcguffey, Gerard Mourou, Natalia Naumova, John Nees, Pascal Rousseau, Victor Yanovsky, Karl Krushelnick, Nicholas H. Matlis, Serguei Y. Kalmykov, Gennady Shvets, Michael C. Downer, C. R. Vane, J. R. Beene, Daniel W. Stracener, David R. Schultz

Serge Youri Kalmykov

Experiments on electron acceleration and optical diagnostics of laser wakes were performed on the HERCULES facility in a wide range of laser and plasma parameters. Using frequency domain holography we demonstrated single shot visualization of individual plasma waves, produced by 40 TW, 30 fs laser pulses focused to the intensity of 10^{19} W/cm^2 onto a supersonic He gas jet with plasma densities n_e ~ 10^{19} cm^{−3}. These holographic “snapshots” capture the variation in shape of the plasma wave with distance behind the driver, and resolve wave front curvature seen previously only in simulations. High-energy quasimonoenergetic electron beams were generated using …