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Articles 1 - 30 of 37
Full-Text Articles in Physics
Optically Induced Periodic Structures In Smectic-C Liquid Crystals, Antal Jákli, A. Vajda, E. Benkler, Janossy, Peter Palffy-Muhoray
Optically Induced Periodic Structures In Smectic-C Liquid Crystals, Antal Jákli, A. Vajda, E. Benkler, Janossy, Peter Palffy-Muhoray
Antal Jakli
We explore periodic structures of smectic-C (SmC) liquid crystals, induced optically by a polarization grating. The studied cells contain a passive surface of rubbed polyimide and an active photosensitive substrate of ate-dye doped polyimide. In a nematic phase the director field can be periodic independent of the angle between the grating vector and the rubbing direction. In the SmA phase periodic structure can be induced only by layer undulations. The SmC behaves similarly to the nematic phase, but the director can rotate only on a cone, which results in a more complex geometry. The periodic pattern is superimposed with four …
Topology And Metastability In The Lattice Skyrme Model, Alec Schramm, Benjamin Svetitsky
Topology And Metastability In The Lattice Skyrme Model, Alec Schramm, Benjamin Svetitsky
Alec J Schramm
We offer the Skyrme model on a lattice as an effective field theory—fully quantized—of baryon-meson interactions at temperatures below the chiral phase transition. We define a local topological density that involves the volumes of tetrahedra in the target space S3 and we make use of Coxeter’s formula for the Schläfli function to implement it. This permits us to calculate the mean-square radius of a Skyrmion in the three-dimensional lattice Skyrme model, which may be viewed as a Ginzburg-Landau effective theory for the full quantum theory at finite temperature. We find that, contrary to expectations, the Skyrmion shrinks as quantum and …
Temperature-Induced Configurational Excitations For Predicting Thermodynamic And Mechanical Properties Of Alloys, Duane D. Johnson, Andrei V. Smirnov, J. B. Staunton, F. J. Pinski, W. A. Shelton
Temperature-Induced Configurational Excitations For Predicting Thermodynamic And Mechanical Properties Of Alloys, Duane D. Johnson, Andrei V. Smirnov, J. B. Staunton, F. J. Pinski, W. A. Shelton
Duane D. Johnson
We show that a structural energy difference, ΔE, must include explicit symmetry-breaking changes of the electronic structure due to temperature-induced configurational excitations, and why ΔE at T=0 K is not necessarily relevant to thermodynamic and mechanical modeling. In Ni3V, we calculate a tenfold decrease of ΔE between D022 and L12 structures from T=0 K to states of order relevant to experiment. ΔE calculated directly from states with short-range order (8 meV) or with low partial order (7–12 meV) agree with high-T experiment (10 meV).
Relaxation Dynamics Of Rubbed Polystyrene Thin Films, D. M. G. Agra, A. D. Schwab, J-H. Kim, Satyendra Kumar, A. Dhinojwala
Relaxation Dynamics Of Rubbed Polystyrene Thin Films, D. M. G. Agra, A. D. Schwab, J-H. Kim, Satyendra Kumar, A. Dhinojwala
Satyendra Kumar
Optical retardation measurements were used to probe the chain relaxation dynamics in rubbed polystyrene films of varying thicknesses on glass substrates. A model based on Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts relaxation was developed and used to determine the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the films. Results showed reductions of 15–20 K in Tg for thin films of thicknesses comparable to the radius of gyration as well as for cast films rubbed with different strengths. These results provide evidence of a faster relaxation dynamics relative to the polymer-substrate interface for thinner films and enhanced chain mobility at the polymer-air interface.
Measurements Of The Hyperpolarizability Tensor By Means Of Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering, Liang-Chy Chien, V. Ostroverkhova, R. G. Petschek, K. D. Singer, L. Sukhomlinova, R. J. Twieg, S.-X. Wang
Measurements Of The Hyperpolarizability Tensor By Means Of Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering, Liang-Chy Chien, V. Ostroverkhova, R. G. Petschek, K. D. Singer, L. Sukhomlinova, R. J. Twieg, S.-X. Wang
Liang-Chy Chien
We describe improvements to a previously reported hyper-Rayleigh scattering technique [J. Opt. Sec. Am. B 15, 289 (1998)], for measuring all rotational invariants of the first hyperpolarizability tensor. The full hyper-Rayleigh scattering tensor is expressed in terms of its rotationally invariant components leading to a figures of merit corresponding to each of the rotationally invariant tensors. With elliptically polarized incident light, the polarization state and the intensity of the harmonic light are measured at a scattering angle of 45 degrees. A new analytical fitting method is applied to the signal for two polarization measurements to yield the invariants. We have …
De-2 Observations Of Morningside And Eveningside Plasma Density Depletions In The Equatorial Ionosphere, M. Palmroth, H. Laakso, Bela G. Fejer, R. F. Pfaff
De-2 Observations Of Morningside And Eveningside Plasma Density Depletions In The Equatorial Ionosphere, M. Palmroth, H. Laakso, Bela G. Fejer, R. F. Pfaff
Bela G. Fejer
The occurrence of equatorial density depletions in the nightside F region ionosphere has been investigated by using observations gathered by the polar-orbiting Dynamics Explorer 2 satellite from August 1981 to February 1983. A variety of electric field/plasma drift patterns were observed within these depletions, including updrafting, downdrafting, bifurcating, converging, subsonic, and supersonic flows. The depletions, 116 events in total, are distributed over two groups: group I (eveningside depletions) consists of the events in the 1900–2300 MLT sector, and group II (morningside depletions) are the events in the 2300–0600 MLT sector. A statistical analysis reveals clear differences in the density depletion …
On The Effect Of Long-Wavelength Electron Plasma Waves On Large-Angle Stimulated Raman Scattering Of Short Laser Pulse In Plasmas, Nikolai E. Andreev, Serguei Y. Kalmykov
On The Effect Of Long-Wavelength Electron Plasma Waves On Large-Angle Stimulated Raman Scattering Of Short Laser Pulse In Plasmas, Nikolai E. Andreev, Serguei Y. Kalmykov
Serge Youri Kalmykov
Spectral features of a large-angle stimulated Raman scattering (LA SRS) of a short electromagnetic pulse in an underdense plasma, which are caused by the presence in a plasma of a given linear long-wavelength electron plasma wave (LW EPW), are investigated. It is shown that the LW EPW, whose phase velocity coincides with a group velocity of a pulse and a density perturbation normalized to a background electron density, \delta n_{LW} / n_0, exceeds the ratio of the electron plasma frequency to the laser frequency, \omega_{pe} / \omega_0, suppresses the well-known Stokes branch of the weakly coupled LA SRS. Under the …
Spin Fluctuations In Nearly Magnetic Metals From Ab Initio Dynamical Spin Susceptibility Calculations: Application To Pd And Cr95v5, J. B. Staunton, J. Poulter, B. Ginatempo, E. Bruno, Duane D. Johnson
Spin Fluctuations In Nearly Magnetic Metals From Ab Initio Dynamical Spin Susceptibility Calculations: Application To Pd And Cr95v5, J. B. Staunton, J. Poulter, B. Ginatempo, E. Bruno, Duane D. Johnson
Duane D. Johnson
We describe our theoretical formalism and computational scheme for making ab initio calculations of the dynamic paramagnetic spin susceptibilities of metals and alloys at finite temperatures. Its basis is time-dependent density functional theory within an electronic multiple scattering, imaginary time Green function formalism. Results receive a natural interpretation in terms of overdamped oscillator systems making them suitable for incorporation into spin fluctuation theories. For illustration we apply our method to the nearly ferromagnetic metal Pd and the nearly antiferromagnetic chromium alloy Cr95V5. We compare and contrast the spin dynamics of these two metals and in each case identify those fluctuations …
Simulation Of The Prereversalenhancement In The Low Latitude Vertical Drifts, C. G. Fesen, R. G. Noble, A. D. Richmond, G. Crowley, Bela G. Fejer
Simulation Of The Prereversalenhancement In The Low Latitude Vertical Drifts, C. G. Fesen, R. G. Noble, A. D. Richmond, G. Crowley, Bela G. Fejer
Bela G. Fejer
Low latitude F region ion motions exhibit strong seasonal and solar cycle dependences. The pre-reversal enhancement (PRE) in the vertical ion drifts is a particularly well-known low latitude electrodynamic feature, exhibited as a sharp upward spike in the velocity shortly after local sunset, which remains poorly understood theoretically. The PRE has been successfully simulated for the first time by a general circulation model, the National Center for Atmospheric Research thermosphere/ionosphere/electrodynamic general circulation model (TIEGCM). The TIEGCM reproduces the zonal and vertical plasma drifts for equinox, June, and December for low, medium, and high solar activity. The crucial parameter in the …
An Incoherent Scatter Radar Technique For Determining Two-Dimensional Ionization Structure In Polar Cap F-Region Patches, T. R. Pedersen, Bela G. Fejer, R. A. Doe, E. J. Weber
An Incoherent Scatter Radar Technique For Determining Two-Dimensional Ionization Structure In Polar Cap F-Region Patches, T. R. Pedersen, Bela G. Fejer, R. A. Doe, E. J. Weber
Bela G. Fejer
We present a technique which combines time series of line-of-sight (LOS) velocity and electron density measurements from the Sondrestrom incoherent scatter radar (74.5° invariant latitude) to reconstruct the large-scale horizontal structure of the F region ionosphere during polar cap patch events. This reconstruction technique provides a new density-based means of examining patch morphology. Its wide region of coverage also facilitates comparison of radar measurements with other observational data sets. For two periods when patches were present and convection conditions in the nightside polar cap could be adequately approximated by the simple velocity model used in this initial implementation of the …
Viability Of Competing Field Theories For The Driven Lattice Gas, Beate Schmittmann, H. K. Janssen, U. C. Tauber, R. K. P. Zia, K.-T. Leung, J. L. Cardy
Viability Of Competing Field Theories For The Driven Lattice Gas, Beate Schmittmann, H. K. Janssen, U. C. Tauber, R. K. P. Zia, K.-T. Leung, J. L. Cardy
Beate Schmittmann
It has recently been suggested that the driven lattice gas should be described by an alternate field theory in the limit of infinite drive. We review the original and the alternate field theory, invoking several well-documented key features of the microscopics. Since the alternate field theory fails to reproduce these characteristics, we argue that it cannot serve as a viable description of the driven lattice gas. Recent results, for the critical exponents associated with this theory, are reanalyzed and shown to be incorrect.
Optical Remote Sensing Of The Thermosphere With Heater Induced Artificial Airglow (Hiaa), P. A. Bernhardt, M. Wong, J. D. Huba, Bela G. Fejer, L. S. Wagner, J. A. Goldstein, C. A. Selcher, V. L. Frolov, E. N. Sergeev
Optical Remote Sensing Of The Thermosphere With Heater Induced Artificial Airglow (Hiaa), P. A. Bernhardt, M. Wong, J. D. Huba, Bela G. Fejer, L. S. Wagner, J. A. Goldstein, C. A. Selcher, V. L. Frolov, E. N. Sergeev
Bela G. Fejer
Optical emissions excited by high-power radio waves in the ionosphere can be used to measure a wide variety of parameters in the thermosphere. Powerful high-frequency (HF) radio waves produce energetic electrons in the region where the waves reflect in the F region. These hot or suprathermal electrons collide with atomic oxygen atoms to produce localized regions of metastable O(1D) and O(1S) atoms. These metastables subsequently radiate 630.0 and 557.7 nm, respectively, to produce clouds of HF pumped artificial airglow (HPAA). The shapes of the HPAA clouds are determined by the structure of large-scale (≈10 km) plasma irregularities that occur naturally …
The Spectral Function Of A Composite From Reflectance Data., Anthony Day, M. Thorpe, A. Grant, A. Sievers
The Spectral Function Of A Composite From Reflectance Data., Anthony Day, M. Thorpe, A. Grant, A. Sievers
Anthony Roy Day
In the Bergman-Milton spectral representation for the effective dielectric constant of a composite all relevant geometric information is captured in a spectral function that is independent of material properties. We present numerical simulations of the reflectance of a model two component composite, where both components have temperature-dependant dielectric resonances, and show that the spectral function can be extracted from the data. The same spectral function is obtained from simulation data corresponding to different temperatures but the resolution depends on the width of the resonance line and is greatest at low-temperatures.
Optical Vortices Generated By Dislocations In A Cholesteric Liquid Crystal, D. Voloschenko, Oleg Lavrentovich
Optical Vortices Generated By Dislocations In A Cholesteric Liquid Crystal, D. Voloschenko, Oleg Lavrentovich
Oleg Lavrentovich
We report the observation of optical vortices in a laser beam propagating through the stripe pattern of a cholesteric liquid crystal. The liquid crystal is confined in a cell with homogeneous boundary conditions and forms a diffraction phase grating. Optical vortices are produced by edge dislocations of the cholesteric grating. The vortices show up as spots of zero light intensity in the diffraction maxima. There is one spot in each +1 and -1 diffraction maximum and two spots in diffraction maxima +2 and -2. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. OCIS codes: 160.3710, 050.1940, 180.1790, 070.4690.
Universal Aspects Of Vacancy-Mediated Disordering Dynamics: The Effect Of External Fields, Wannapong Triampo, Timo Aspelmeier, Beate Schmittmann
Universal Aspects Of Vacancy-Mediated Disordering Dynamics: The Effect Of External Fields, Wannapong Triampo, Timo Aspelmeier, Beate Schmittmann
Beate Schmittmann
We investigate the disordering of an initially phase-segregated binary alloy, due to a highly mobile defect which couples to an electric or gravitational field. Using both mean-field and Monte Carlo methods, we show that the late stages of this process exhibit dynamic scaling, characterized by a set of exponents and scaling functions. A new scaling variable emerges, associated with the field. While the scaling functions carry information about the field and the boundary conditions, the exponents are universal. They can be computed analytically, in excellent agreement with simulation results.
Mind-Matter Interaction In Quantum Physics, Milan Meszaros Physicist
Mind-Matter Interaction In Quantum Physics, Milan Meszaros Physicist
Milan Meszaros physicist
By the end of the 20th century, the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen, Schrödinger’s cat and Wigner’s friend paradoxes of quantum theory were already known. The Bell’s inequalities, the Aharonov-Bohm effect and the holographical principles etc. were also acquainted. There were positive experiments of Aspect, Daligbard and Roger just as Aspect, Grangier and Roger etc. In connection with these paradoxes and paradoxical experiments etc., the questions are raised: What is the ontological frame for description of these effects or notions: nonlocal, guiding wave (pilot wave), instantenous, delayed-choice experiments, superluminal, ghost wave, immaterial or mind, mind-matter interaction, holographical universe or entangled states just as quantum …
Spectral Function Of Composites From Reflectivity Measurements, Anthony Day, A. Grant, A. Sievers, M. Thorpe
Spectral Function Of Composites From Reflectivity Measurements, Anthony Day, A. Grant, A. Sievers, M. Thorpe
Anthony Roy Day
We demonstrate a method of calculating the spectral function of a composite from measured reflectivity data. To solve this inverse problem it is necessary for the reflectivity data to be taken through a strong, high Q, resonance. By analyzing the reststrahlen region of different fill fraction KCl-diamond composites at three different temperatures, we find accurate spectral functions that are independent of temperature with the low temperature data giving the best resolution. These spectral functions are then used to successfully predict the optical response of RbCl-diamond composites.
Scalar Absorption By Spinning D3-Branes, George Siopsis
Scalar Absorption By Spinning D3-Branes, George Siopsis
George Siopsis
We discuss absorption of scalars by a distribution of spinning D3-branes. The D3-branes are multi-center solutions of supergravity theory. We solve the wave equation in various cases of supergravity backgrounds in which the equation becomes separable. We show that the absorption coefficients exhibit a universal behavior as functions of the angular momentum quantum number and the Hawking temperature. This behavior is similar to the form of the gray-body factors one encounters in scattering by black holes. Our discussion includes the problematic case of spherically symmetric distributions of D-branes, where resonances arise. We obtain the same universal form for the absorption …
Instantaneous Normal Mode Analysis Of Supercooled Water, E. La Nave, A Scala, Francis W. Starr, F. Sciortino, H. E. Stanley
Instantaneous Normal Mode Analysis Of Supercooled Water, E. La Nave, A Scala, Francis W. Starr, F. Sciortino, H. E. Stanley
Francis Starr
No abstract provided.
Free Energy Surface Of Supercooled Water, A. Scala, Francis W. Starr, E. La Nave, H. E. Stanley, F. Sciortino
Free Energy Surface Of Supercooled Water, A. Scala, Francis W. Starr, E. La Nave, H. E. Stanley, F. Sciortino
Francis Starr
No abstract provided.
Hydrogen Bond Dynamics In The Extended Simple Point, Francis W. Starr, J. K. Nielson, H. E. Stanley
Hydrogen Bond Dynamics In The Extended Simple Point, Francis W. Starr, J. K. Nielson, H. E. Stanley
Francis Starr
No abstract provided.
Field-Induced Vacancy Localization In A Driven Lattice Gas: Scaling Of Steady States, M. Thies, Beate Schmittmann
Field-Induced Vacancy Localization In A Driven Lattice Gas: Scaling Of Steady States, M. Thies, Beate Schmittmann
Beate Schmittmann
With the help of Monte Carlo simulations and a mean-field theory, we investigate the ordered steady-state structures resulting from the motion of a single vacancy on a periodic lattice which is filled with two species of oppositely “charged” particles. An external field biases particle-vacancy exchanges according to the particle’s charge, subject to an excluded volume constraint. The steady state exhibits charge segregation, and the vacancy is localized at one of the two characteristic interfaces. Charge and hole density profiles, an appropriate order parameter, and the interfacial regions themselves exhibit characteristic scaling properties with system size and field strength. The lattice …
Behavior Of Grain Boundary Resistivity In Metals Predicted By A Two-Dimensional Model, Rand Dannenberg, Alexander H. King
Behavior Of Grain Boundary Resistivity In Metals Predicted By A Two-Dimensional Model, Rand Dannenberg, Alexander H. King
Alexander H. King
The behavior of a model for the specific grain boundary resistivity in metallic bamboo conductor lines is developed and compared to other theoretical treatments, and to experiment. The grain boundary is modeled as an array of scatterers on a plane. The scatterers are called “vacancy-ion” complexes, in which the vacancy represents the boundary free volume, and the ion is an atom adjacent to the vacancy. Three cases are investigated, that of noninterfering scatterers, a continuum of interfering scatterers, and discrete interfering scatterers. The approximations used lead to a specific grain boundary resistivity ∼10−16 Ω m2 for aluminum, in agreement with …
Solution To The Evolution Equation For High Parton Density Qcd, E. Levin, Kirill Tuchin
Solution To The Evolution Equation For High Parton Density Qcd, E. Levin, Kirill Tuchin
Kirill Tuchin
In this paper a solution is given to the non-linear equation which describes the evolution of the parton cascade in the case of the high parton density. The related physics is discussed as well as some applications to heavy ion - ion collisions.
Shadowing Corrections And Diffractive Production In Dis On Nuclei, E. Gotsman, E Levin, M. Lublinsky, U. Maor, Kirill Tuchin
Shadowing Corrections And Diffractive Production In Dis On Nuclei, E. Gotsman, E Levin, M. Lublinsky, U. Maor, Kirill Tuchin
Kirill Tuchin
We calculate, in the Glauber–Mueller approach, the ratio of the diffractive dissociation cross section to the total cross section for nuclei. We observe that shadowing corrections (SC) in the calculated ratio are significant, but they do not lead to a smooth energy dependence of the ratio for a proton target as was observed at HERA.
Group Invariant Solutions Without Transversality And The Principle Of Symmetric Criticality, Charles G. Torre
Group Invariant Solutions Without Transversality And The Principle Of Symmetric Criticality, Charles G. Torre
Charles G. Torre
No abstract provided.
Random Values Of The Cosmological Constant, John Donoghue
Random Values Of The Cosmological Constant, John Donoghue
John Donoghue
One way that an anthropic selection mechanism may be manifest in a physical theory involves multiple domains in the universe with different values of the physical parameters. If this mechanism is to be relevant for understanding the small observed value of the cosmological constant, it may involve a mechanism by which some contributions to the cosmological constant can be fixed at a continuous range of values in the different domains. I study the properties of four possible mechanisms, including the possibility of the Hubble damping of a scalar field with an extremely flat potential. Another interesting possibility involves fixed random …
Replica-Exchange Algorithm And Results For The Three-Dimensional Random Field Ising Model, Jonathan Machta, M.E.J. Newman, L. B. Chayes
Replica-Exchange Algorithm And Results For The Three-Dimensional Random Field Ising Model, Jonathan Machta, M.E.J. Newman, L. B. Chayes
Jonathan Machta
The random field Ising model with Gaussian disorder is studied using a different Monte Carlo algorithm. The algorithm combines the advantages of the replica-exchange method and the two-replica cluster method and is much more efficient than the Metropolis algorithm for some disorder realizations. Three-dimensional systems of size 243 are studied. Each realization of disorder is simulated at a value of temperature and uniform field that is adjusted to the phase-transition region for that disorder realization. Energy and magnetization distributions show large variations from one realization of disorder to another. For some realizations of disorder there are three well separated peaks …
Cluster Monte Carlo Study Of Multicomponent Fluids Of The Stillinger-Helfand And Widom-Rowlinson Type, Rongfeng Sun, Harvey Gould, Jonathan Machta, L. W. Chayes
Cluster Monte Carlo Study Of Multicomponent Fluids Of The Stillinger-Helfand And Widom-Rowlinson Type, Rongfeng Sun, Harvey Gould, Jonathan Machta, L. W. Chayes
Jonathan Machta
Phase transitions of fluid mixtures of the type introduced by Stillinger and Helfand are studied using a continuum version of the invaded cluster algorithm. Particles of the same species do not interact, but particles of different types interact with each other via a repulsive potential. Examples of interactions include the Gaussian molecule potential and a repulsive step potential. Accurate values of the critical density, fugacity, and magnetic exponent are found in two and three dimensions for the two-species model. The effect of varying the number of species and of introducing quenched impurities is also investigated. In all the cases studied, …
Dimension Eight Operators In The Weak Operator Product Expansion, Vincenzo Cirigliano, John Donoghue, Eugene Golowich
Dimension Eight Operators In The Weak Operator Product Expansion, Vincenzo Cirigliano, John Donoghue, Eugene Golowich
John Donoghue
We expose a potential flaw in standard treatments of weak decay amplitudes, including that of epsilon'/epsilon. We show that (contrary to conventional wisdom) dimension-eight operators do contribute to weak amplitudes, at order G_F alpha_s and without 1/M_W^2 suppression. We demonstrate the existence of these operators with a simple weak hamiltonian and proceed to discuss their contribution in a general context. We estimate the effect of dimension-eight operators to be at the 100% level in a sum rule determination of the operator O_7 for mu = 1.5 GeV, suggesting presently available values of mu are too low to justify neglect of …