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Articles 1 - 7 of 7
Full-Text Articles in Physics
Do "Brassy" Sounding Musical Instruments Need Increased Safe Distancing Requirements To Minimize The Spread Of Covid-19?, Thomas R. Moore, Ashley E. Cannaday
Do "Brassy" Sounding Musical Instruments Need Increased Safe Distancing Requirements To Minimize The Spread Of Covid-19?, Thomas R. Moore, Ashley E. Cannaday
Faculty Publications
Brass wind instruments with long sections of cylindrical pipe, such as trumpets and trombones, sound “brassy” when played at a fortissimo level due to the generation of a shock front in the instrument. It has been suggested that these shock fronts may increase the spread of COVID-19 by propelling respiratory particles containing the SARS-CoV-2 virus several meters due to particle entrainment in the low pressure area behind the shocks. To determine the likelihood of this occurring, fluorescent particles, ranging in size from 10–50 lm, were dropped into the shock regions produced by a trombone, a trumpet, and a shock tube. …
A Method For Automatic Detection Of Tongued And Slurred Note Transitions In Clarinet Playing, Whitney L. Coyle, Jack D. Gabriel
A Method For Automatic Detection Of Tongued And Slurred Note Transitions In Clarinet Playing, Whitney L. Coyle, Jack D. Gabriel
Faculty Publications
This study offers a simple method to characterize two transition types in passages of music in order to automatically distinguish slurred transitions from tongued transitions in musical settings. Data were recorded from musicians playing a clarinet with a sensor-equipped mouthpiece measuring blowing pressure in the mouth and pressure in the mouthpiece. This method allows for comparing transitions in different musical contexts, playing regimes, and between players. The method is highly reliable in automatically detecting transition types in recorded clarinet playing in both simple and more complex passages.
Chlorhexidine-Induced Elastic And Adhesive Changes Of Escherichia Coli Cells Within A Biofilm, Anne E. Murdaugh, Nicole Rodgers
Chlorhexidine-Induced Elastic And Adhesive Changes Of Escherichia Coli Cells Within A Biofilm, Anne E. Murdaugh, Nicole Rodgers
Faculty Publications
Chlorhexidine is a widely used, commercially available cationic antiseptic. Although its mechanism of action on planktonic bacteria has been well explored, far fewer studies have examined its interaction with an established biofilm. The physical effects of chlorhexidine on a biofilm are particularly unknown. Here, the authors report the first observations of chlorhexidine-induced elastic and adhesive changes to single cells within a biofilm. The elastic changes are consistent with the proposed mechanism of action of chlorhexidine. Atomic force microscopy and force spectroscopy techniques were used to determine spring constants and adhesion energy of the individual bacteria within an Escherichia coli biofilm. …
Axial Vibrations Of Brass Wind Instrument Bells And Their Acoustical Influence: Experiments, Thomas R. Moore, Britta R. Gorman, Michelle Rokni, Wilfried Kausel, Vasileios Chatziioannou
Axial Vibrations Of Brass Wind Instrument Bells And Their Acoustical Influence: Experiments, Thomas R. Moore, Britta R. Gorman, Michelle Rokni, Wilfried Kausel, Vasileios Chatziioannou
Faculty Publications
It has recently been proposed that the effects of structural vibrations on the radiated sound ofbrass wind instruments may be attributable to axial modes of vibration with mode shapes that contain no radial nodes [Kausel, Chatziioannou, Moore, Gorman, and Rokni, J. Acoust. Soc. Am.137, 3149–3162 (2015)]. Results of experiments are reported that support this theory. Mechanical measurements of a trumpet bell demonstrate that these axial modes do exist inbrass wind instruments. The quality factor of the mechanical resonances can be on the order of 10 or less, making them broad enough to encompass the frequency range of previously reported effects …
Normal Modes Of A Small Gamelan Gong, Robert Perrin, Daniel Elford, Luke Chambers, Gerry M. Swallowe, Thomas R. Moore, Sinin Hamdan, Benjamin J. Halkon
Normal Modes Of A Small Gamelan Gong, Robert Perrin, Daniel Elford, Luke Chambers, Gerry M. Swallowe, Thomas R. Moore, Sinin Hamdan, Benjamin J. Halkon
Faculty Publications
Studies have been made of the normal modes of a 20.7 cm diameter steel gamelan gong. A finite-element model has been constructed and its predictions for normal modes compared with experimental results obtained using electronic speckle pattern interferometry. Agreement was reasonable in view of the lack of precision in the manufacture of the instrument. The results agree with expectations for an axially symmetric system subject to small symmetry breaking. The extent to which the results obey Chladni's law is discussed. Comparison with vibrational and acoustical spectra enabled the identification of the small number of modes responsible for the sound output …
Normal Modes Of The Indian Elephant Bell, Robert Perrin, Luke Chalmers, Daniel Elford, Gerry M. Swallowe, Thomas R. Moore
Normal Modes Of The Indian Elephant Bell, Robert Perrin, Luke Chalmers, Daniel Elford, Gerry M. Swallowe, Thomas R. Moore
Faculty Publications
The geometrical structure of the Indian elephant bell is presented and the requirements on its normal modes from group representation theory are described. These are in good agreement with the results of a finiteelement model (FEM) for a specific 16-tine case. The spectrum consists of a sequence of families of modes lying on saturation curves and so is completely different from those of conventional bells. Physical explanations for the occurrence of these families are presented in terms of the tines behaving as a closed loop of coupled cantilevers with constraints from the dome. Each family is found to consist of …
A Simple Design For An Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometer, Thomas R. Moore
A Simple Design For An Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometer, Thomas R. Moore
Faculty Publications
An electronic speckle pattern interferometer suitable for use in an undergraduate laboratory is described. This interferometer can be built for a small fraction of the cost of a commercial version and is simple and inexpensive to build and understand. The interferometer is useful for visualizing the normal modes of vibrating objects as well as changes in index of refraction.