Physics Commons^™

Line Tension And Its Influence On Droplets And Particles At Surfaces, Bruce M. Law, Sean P. Mcbride, Jiang Yong Wang, Haeng Sub Wi, Govind Paneru, Santigo Betelu, Baku Ushijima, Youichi Takata, Bret Flanders, Fernando Bresme, Hiroki Matsubara, Takanori Takiue, Makoto Aratono

Dr. Sean P. McBride

In this review we examine the influence of the line tension s on droplets and particles at surfaces. The line tension influences the nucleation behavior and contact angle of liquid droplets at both liquid and solid surfaces and alters the attachment energetics of solid particles to liquid surfaces. Many factors, occurring over a wide range of length scales, contribute to the line tension. On atomic scales, atomic rearrangements and reorientations of submolecular components give rise to an atomic line tension contribution satom (1 nN), which depends on the similarity/dissimilarity of the droplet/particle surface composition compared with the surface upon which …

Fluctuations In A Cosmology With A Spacelike Singularity And Their Gauge Theory Dual Description, Robert H. Brandenberger, Elisa G.M. Ferreira, Ian A. Morrison, Yi-Fu Cai, Sumit R. Das, Yi Wang

Ian Morrison

We consider a time-dependent deformation of anti–de Sitter (AdS) space-time which contains a spacelike “singularity”—a spacelike region of high curvature. Making use of the AdS/CFT correspondence we can map the bulk dynamics onto the boundary. The boundary theory has a time dependent coupling constant which becomes small at times when the bulk space-time is highly curved. We investigate the propagation of small fluctuations of a test scalar field from early times before the bulk singularity to late times after the singularity. Under the assumption that the AdS/CFT correspondence extends to deformed AdS space-times, we can map the bulk evolution of …

Neutron-Antineutron Oscillations: Theoretical Status And Experimental Prospects, David G. Phillips, William M. Snow, Kaladi Babu, S. Banerjee, David V. Baxter, Zurab Berezhiani, Marc Bergevin, Satyaki Bhattacharya, Gustaaf Brooijmans, Luis Castellanos, Mark C. Chen, C.E. Coppola, Ramanath K. Cowsik, J.A. Crabtree, Pragya Das, Eric Dees, Aleksander D. Dolgov, Phillip D. Ferguson, Matthew Frost, Tony A. Gabriel, A. Gal, Franz X. Gallmeier, Kenneth S. Ganezer, E. Golubeva, Geoffrey L. Greene, B. Hartfiel, Ayman Hawari, Lawrence H. Heilbronn, Colin D. Johnson, Yu A. Kamyshkov, Boris O. Kerbikov, Masaaki Kitaguchi, B.Z. Kopeliovich, V.B. Kopeliovich, Vadim A. Kuzmin, Chenyu Liu, P. Mcgaughey, M. Mocko, Rabindra N. Mohapatra, Nikolai V. Mokhov, Guenter Muhrer, H.P. Pieter Mumm, Lev B. Okun, Robert W. Pattie, C. Quigg, E. Ramberg, A. Ray, A. Roy, A. Ruggles, U. Sarkar, Andy Saunders, A. P. Serebrovv, H. M. Shimizu, R. Shrock, A. K. Sikdara, Sky Sjue, S. Striganov, L. W. Townsend, R. Tschirhart, A. Vainshtein, R Van Kooten, Z. Wang, A. R. Young

Robert W. Pattie Jr.

Bps Brane Cosmology In N=2 Supergravity, Moataz Emam

Moataz Emam

We study the embedding of flat BPS 3-branes in five dimensional N=2 supergravity theory. We derive the branes' dynamical equations as well as general expressions for the hypermultiplet fields then focus on a single brane and study its time evolution. It is shown that the brane's Hubble parameter correlates with the moduli of the underlying manifold's complex structure. For certain particular solutions, the moduli seem to exhibit an instability; being large valued at early times then rapidly decaying to either zero or some convergent constant value. The possibility of extending these results to the cosmology of our universe is implied …

Lorentz Violation With An Antisymmetric Tensor, Brett Altschul, Quentin G. Bailey, V. Alan Kostelecky

Quentin Bailey

Field theories with spontaneous Lorentz violation involving an antisymmetric 2-tensor are studied. A general action including nonminimal gravitational couplings is constructed, and features of the Nambu- Goldstone and massive modes are discussed. Minimal models in Minkowski spacetime exhibit dualities with Lorentz-violating vector and scalar theories. The post-Newtonian expansion for nonminimal models in Riemann spacetime involves qualitatively new features, including the absence of an isotropic limit. Certain interactions producing stable Lorentz-violating theories in Minkowski spacetime solve the renormalization-group equations in the tadpole approximation.

Lorentz-Violating Gravitoelectromagnetism, Quentin G. Bailey

Quentin Bailey

The well-known analogy between a special limit of general relativity and electromagnetism is explored in the context of the Lorentz-violating standard-model extension. An analogy is developed for the minimal standard-model extension that connects a limit of the CPT-even component of the electromagnetic sector to the gravitational sector. We show that components of the post-Newtonian metric can be directly obtained from solutions to the electromagnetic sector. The method is illustrated with specific examples including static and rotating sources. Some unconventional effects that arise for Lorentz-violating electrostatics and magnetostatics have an analog in Lorentz-violating post-Newtonian gravity. In particular, we show that even …

Limits On Violations Of Lorentz Symmetry From Gravity Probe B, Quentin G. Bailey, Ryan D. Everett, James M. Overduin

Quentin Bailey

Generic violations of Lorentz symmetry can be described by an effective field theory framework that contains both general relativity and the Standard Model of particle physics called the Standard-Model extension (SME). We obtain new constraints on the gravitational sector of the SME using recently published final results from Gravity Probe B. These include for the first time an upper limit at the 10_3 level on the time-time component of the new tensor field responsible for inducing local Lorentz violation in the theory, and an independent limit at the 10_7 level on a combination of components of this tensor field.

Time-Delay And Doppler Tests Of The Lorentz Symmetry Of Gravity, Quentin G. Bailey

Quentin Bailey

Modifications to the classic time-delay effect and Doppler shift in general relativity (GR) are studied in the context of the Lorentz-violating standard-model extension (SME). We derive the leading Lorentz- violating corrections to the time-delay and Doppler shift signals, for a light ray passing near a massive body. It is demonstrated that anisotropic coefficients for Lorentz violation control a time-dependent behavior of these signals that is qualitatively different from the conventional case in GR. Estimates of sensitivities to gravity-sector coefficients in the SME are given for current and future experiments, including the recent Cassini solar conjunction experiment.

Catching Relativity Violations With Atoms, Quentin G. Bailey

Quentin Bailey

A Viewpoint on: Atom interferometry tests of local Lorentz invariance in gravity and electrodynamics Keng-Yeow Chung, Sheng-wey Chiow, Sven Herrmann, Steven Chu and Holger Müller Phys. Rev. D 80, 016002 (2009) – Published July 6, 2009.

Light-Bending Tests Of Lorentz Invariance, Quentin G. Bailey, Rhondale Tso

Quentin Bailey

Classical light-bending is investigated for weak gravitational fields in the presence of hypothetical local Lorentz violation. Using an effective field theory framework that describes general deviations from local Lorentz invariance, we derive a modified deflection angle for light passing near a massive body. The results include anisotropic effects not present for spherical sources in General Relativity as well as Weak Equivalence Principle violation. We develop an expression for the relative deflection of two distant stars that can be used to analyze data in past and future solar-system observations. The measurement sensitivities of such tests to coefficients for Lorentz violation are …

The Spatial Distribution Of Electric Field Intensity When The Motion Of Electric Charge In Absolute Space, Vildyan Yanbikov

Vildyan Yanbikov

When driving an electric or gravitational charge in absolute space. Field created by these particles will have a different distribution in space. In comparison with by a stationary charge. When the charge motion of the deformation field.

Determination Of The Free Neutron Lifetime, J. David Bowman, Leah J. Broussard, Stephen M. Clayton, M. S. Dewey, Nadia Fomin, Keith B. Grammer, G. L. Greene, Paul R. Huffman, Anthony T. Holley, Geoffrey L. Jones, Chenyu Liu, Mark Makela, Michael P. Mendenhall, Charles L. Morris, Jonathan Mulholland, K. M. Nollett, Robert W. Pattie, Seppo Penttila, M. Ramsey-Musolf, Daniel J. Salvat, Andy Saunders, Susan J. Seestrom, William M. Snow, A. Steyerl, F. E. Wietfeldt, Albert R. Young, Andrew T. Yue

Robert W. Pattie Jr.

A Method For Measuring Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering At A Far Off-Axis High-Energy Neutrino Beam Target

Robert W. Pattie Jr.

Project X: Physics Opportunities, Andreas S. Kronfeld, Robert S. Tschirhart, Usama Al-Binni, Wolfgang Altmannshofer, Charles Ankenbrandt, Kaladi Babu, Sunanda Banerjee, Matthew Bass, Brian Batell, David V. Baxter, Zurab Berezhiani, Marc Bergevin, Robert Bernstein, Sudeb Bhattacharya, Mary Bishai, Thomas Blum, S. Alex Bogacz, Stephen J. Brice, Joachim Brod, Alan Bross, Michael Buchoff, Thomas W. Burgess, Marcela Carena, Luis A. Castellanos, Subhasis Chattopadhyay, Mu-Chun Chen, Daniel Cherdack, Norman H. Christ, Tim Chupp, Vincenzo Cirigliano, Pilar Coloma, Christopher E. Coppola, Ramanath Cowsik, J. Allen Crabtree, André De Gouvêa, Jean-Pierre Delahaye, Dmitri Denisov, Patrick Deniverville, Ranjan Dharmapalan, Alexander Dolgov, Georgi Dvali, Estia Eichten, Jürgen Engelfried, Phillip D. Ferguson, Tony Gabriel, Avraham Gal, Franz Gallmeier, Kenneth S. Ganezer, Susan Gardner

Robert W. Pattie Jr.

A Lagrangian Which Mathematically Models Lambda Cdm Cosmology And Explains The Null Results Of Dark Astroparticle Searches., Hontas Farmer

Hontas F Farmer

Background: The Lambda CDM model or is the standard model of modern cosmology. It is named for dark energy and cold dark matter. This model contains a number of separate components with different mathematical formulations. Strong observational evidence for dark matter has been found by astronomy. At the same time astroparticle physics observations have not found solid evidence of dark matter. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to reconcile observations of dark matter effects on the galactic and cosmological scales with the null results of astroparticle physics observations such as CDMS and ANTARES. This paper will also provide a …

Holographic Renormalization Of Asymptotically Lifshitz Spacetimes, Robert Mcnees, Robert Mann

Robert A McNees IV

A variational formulation is given for a theory of gravity coupled to a massive vector in four dimensions, with Asymptotically Lifshitz boundary conditions on the fields. For theories with critical exponent z = 2 we obtain a well-defined variational principle by explicitly constructing two actions with local boundary counterterms. As part of our analysis we obtain solutions of these theories on a neighborhood of spatial infinity, study the asymptotic symmetries, and consider different definitions of the boundary stress tensor and associated charges. A constraint on the boundary data for the fields figures prominently in one of our formulations, and in …

The Many Symmetries Of Calabi–Yau Compactifications, Moataz Emam

Moataz Emam

No abstract provided.