Physics Commons^™

Pulse-Echo Quantitative Us Biomarkers For Liver Steatosis: Toward Technical Standardization, Timothy Stiles, David T. Fetzer, Ivan M. Rosado-Mendez, Michael Wang, Michelle L. Robbin, Arinc Ozturk, Keith A. Wear, Juvenal Ormachea, J. Brian Fowlkes, Timothy J. Hall, Anthony E. Samir

Natural Sciences Publications

Excessive liver fat (steatosis) is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and is an independent risk factor for cirrhosis and associated complications. Accurate and clinically useful diagnosis, risk stratification, prognostication, and therapy monitoring require accurate and reliable biomarker measurement at acceptable cost. This article describes a joint effort by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) and the RSNA Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA) to develop standards for clinical and technical validation of quantitative biomarkers for liver steatosis. The AIUM Liver Fat Quantification Task Force provides clinical guidance, while the RSNA QIBA Pulse-Echo Quantitative Ultrasound …

Three Terms Of E-Class Data For An Introductory E&M Lab, Ronald J. Tackett, Helen Mae Cothrel, Gregory N. Hassold

Natural Sciences Presentations & Conference Materials

No abstract provided.

Morphological Analysis Of Size And Shape (Mass): An Integrative Software Program For Morphometric Analyses Of Leaves, Tya S. Chuanromanee, James I. Cohen, Gillian L. Ryan

Physics Publications

Morphometric analysis is a common approach for comparing and categorizing botanical samples; however, completing a suite of analyses using existing tools may require a multi-stage, multi-program process. To facilitate streamlined analysis within a single program, Morphological Analysis of Size and Shape (MASS) for leaves was developed. Its utility is demonstrated using exemplar leaf samples from Acer saccharum, Malus domestica, and Lithospermum.

The Photoelectric Effect: Project-Based Undergraduate Teaching And Learning Optics Through A Modern Physics Experiment Redesign, Corneliu Rablau, Uma Ramabadran, Brendan Book, Robert Cunningham

Physics Presentations And Conference Materials

The photoelectric effect is a cornerstone textbook experiment in any Modern Physics or Advanced Laboratory course, designed to verify Einstein’s theory of the photoelectric effect, with the implicit determination of an experimental value for Planck’s constant and the demonstration of the particle nature of light. The standard approach to the experiment is to illuminate the light-sensitive cathode of a vacuum-tube photocell with monochromatic light of known wavelengths; a reversed-voltage is then applied to the photocell and adjusted to bring the photoelectric current to zero. The stopping voltage is then plotted as a function of the inverse wavelength or frequency of …

Lidar: A New Self-Driving Vehicle For Introducing Optics To Broader Engineering And Non-Engineering Audiences, Corneliu Rablau

Physics Presentations And Conference Materials

Since Stanley, the self-driven Stanford car equipped with five SICK LIDAR sensors won the 2005 DARPA Challenge, the race to developing and deploying fully autonomous, self-driving vehicles has come to a full swing. By now, it has engulfed all major automotive companies and suppliers, major trucking and taxi companies, not to mention companies like Google (Waymo), Apple and Tesla. With the notable exception of the Tesla self-driving cars, a LIDAR (Light, Detection and Ranging) unit is a key component of the suit of sensors that allow autonomous vehicles to see and navigate the world. The market space for lidar units …

Supporting An Introductory Em Lab Redesign With The E-Class And Aapt Lab Guidelines, Helen Mae Cothrel, Ronald Tackett, Gregory N. Hassold

Physics Presentations And Conference Materials

This poster presents the preliminary results of attitude surveys (E-CLASS - U. Colorado) given to students taking the current PHYS-225 - Electricity & Magnetism Laboratory at Kettering University as well as the beginnings of work done in redesigning the course around a set of skills-based learning outcomes and design activities to progress students toward achieving these goals. These outcomes will encourage students to: ask and answer scientific questions through experimental design and implementation; develop technical and practical laboratory skills; generate, analyze, and interpret data; incorporate uncertainty in measured values, calculated values, and graphical representations; and write effective technical reports that …

Reduced Graphene Oxide On Nickel Foam For Supercapacitor Electrodes, Uma Ramabadran, Gillian Ryan, Xuan Zhou, Susan Farhat, Felicia Manciu, Yigang Tong, Ryan Ayler, Graham Garner

Physics Publications

The focus of this paper is the investigation of reduced graphene oxide (GO)/nickel foam (RGON) samples for use as supercapacitor electrodes. Nickel foam samples were soaked in a GO suspension and dried before being subjected to two different methods to remove oxygen. Atmospheric pressure annealed (APA) samples were treated with a varying number (10–18) of nitrogen plasma jet scans, where sample temperatures did not exceed 280 °C. Furnace annealed (FA) samples were processed in an atmosphere of hydrogen and argon, at temperatures ranging from 600 °C to 900 °C. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) data indicated that …

Extracting Vibration Characteristics Of A Guitar Using Finite Element, Modal Analysis, And Digital Image Correlation Techniques, Kiran Patil, Javad Baqersad, Daniel Ludwigsen, Yaomin Dong

Physics Publications

The sound quality generated by the guitar depends on the vibration characteristics (i.e. natural frequencies and mode shapes) of this instrument. Thus, it is of particular interest to the guitar manufacturers to be able to obtain global information about the characteristics of the guitar. Traditional sensors can only measure at discrete locations. However, digital image correlation (DIC) can measure full-field data on the surface of the structure. In the current paper, a finite element (FE) model of a guitar with free boundary configurations was developed using quadratic solid elements. An eigensolution was performed on the FE model to determine its …

Fiber-Optic Sensor Assembly, Corneliu Rablau

Physics Patents

A fiber-optic force and displacement sensor includes a mirror comprising a plurality of sectors extending from a center point to a peripheral edge. Each of the sectors has a high reflectance corresponding to only one of a plurality of single wavelength light beams having different wavelengths transmitted from a laser light source. A method of measuring force and displacement includes measuring the radiant flux between each of a plurality of reflected single wavelength light beams that change as the area of the sectors are displaced towards and away from a center of projection of a combination light beam that comprises …

A Comparison Of Methods For The Determination Of The Magnetocrystalline Anisotrophy Constant In An Fe3o4-Based Ferrofluid, Ronald Tackett, Megan Allyn, Vijayendra K. Garg, Ehab H. A. Abdelhamid, Prem Vaishnava

Physics Presentations And Conference Materials

Biomedical applications of nano-sized magnetic materials.

The Investigation Of Smart Magnetic Nanoparticles For Use In The Hyperthermia Treatment Of Cancer, Megan Allyn, Parashu R. Kharel, Prem Vaishnava, Ronald Tackett

Physics Presentations And Conference Materials

Self-controlled temperature nanoparticles as a form of hyperthermia treatment to fight against cancer.

Investigating Core-Shell Magnetic Nanoparticles For Hyperthermia Treatment And Imaging Of Malignant Neoplastic Tissue, Ronald J. Tackett, Prem P. Vaishnava, Parashu Ram Kharel, Ratna Naik, Jawad Shah, Richard Smith

Physics Grants

No abstract provided.

Treating Big Problems With Small Things: Applications Of Magnetic Nanoparticles, Ronald J. Tackett

Physics Presentations And Conference Materials

Application of magnetic nanoparticles in the hyperthermia treatment of cancer.

Latent Heat Recovery Modification From Sodium Acetate Trihydrate Due To Structural Changes Caused By Silver Nanoparticles, Gillian Ryan, Uma Ramabadran, Frederick Garcia

Physics Publications

Phase change materials (PCMs) have great potential as energy storage devices through the storage of thermal energy at low temperatures. Sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT) is a PCM commonly used for storing thermal energy for non-electric personal warmers, and releases that energy as latent heat during the phase transition from a supersaturated liquid state to a solid, crystal state at room temperature. SAT is an inexpensive, non-toxic PCM. These characteristics make SAT ideal for the development of reusable, non-electric neonatal blankets. This application requires careful optimization of the maximum temperature attained by the SAT solution, balanced by a prolonged heat release …

Cellular Hokey Pokey: A Coarse-Grained Model Of Lamellipodia Protrusion Dynamics Driven By Fluctuations In Actin Polymerization, Gillian Ryan, Dimitrios Vavylonis, Naoki Watanabe

Physics Publications

Animal cells that spread onto a surface often rely on actin-rich cell extensions called lamellipodia to execute cell protrusion. XTC cells on a two-dimensional substrate exhibit regular protrusion and retraction of their lamellipodium, even though the cell is not translating. Travelling waves of protrusion have also been observed, similar to those observed in crawling cells. These periodic fluctuations in leading edge position have been linked to excitable actin dynamics near the cell edge using a one dimensional model of actin dynamics, as a function of arc-length along the cell. In this work we extend this earlier model of actin dynamics …

A Method For Measuring The Néel Relaxation Time In A Frozen Ferrofluid, Ronald J. Tackett, Jagdish Thakur, Nathaniel Mosher, Emily Perkins-Harbin, Ronald E. Kumon, Lihua Wang, Corneliu Rablau, Prem P. Vaishnava

Physics Publications

We report a novel method of determining the average Néel relaxation time and its temperature dependence by calculating derivatives of the measured time dependence of temperature for a frozen ferrofluid exposed to an alternating magnetic field. The ferrofluid, composed of dextran-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (diameter 13.7 nm ± 4.7 nm), was synthesized via wet chemical precipitation and characterized by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. An alternating magnetic field of constant amplitude (H0=20H0=20 kA/m) driven at frequencies of 171 kHz, 232 kHz, and 343 kHz was used to determine the temperature dependent magnetic energy absorption rate in the temperature range from …

In Search Of Targeted Cancer Treatment: Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia & Ultrasound-Mediated Therapies, Ronald Kumon

Physics Presentations And Conference Materials

No abstract provided.

Enhancing Cellular Uptake Of Magnetic Nanoparticles For Cancer Therapy Via Nanoparticle Engineering & Sonoporation, Ronald Kumon, Prem Vaishnava, Ronald Tackett, Lihua Wang, Cheryl Samaniego, Alexis Siegel, Sally Dagher

Physics Grants

Magnetic induction heating of iron oxide nanoparticles has been proposed as a method for noninvasive cancer treatment without the side effects of chemotherapy and ionizing radiation. At Kettering University we propose to improve the uptake of nanoparticles by cells through the use of nanoparticle engineering and ultrasonic fields.

The Introductory Physics Lab As A Consulting Firm, Daniel O. Ludwigsen

Physics Presentations And Conference Materials

Many students in our calculus-based introductory physics courses plan to pursue careers in high technology industries. The laboratory curriculum entitled Mechanics, Inc. is designed to resemble the typical work environment of an R&D consulting firm. Upon entering, students begin a series of training activities focused on applications of physics topics to situations of interest to ersatz clients. These physics topics are chosen to complement the usual sequence encountered in the classroom. Inspiration for the instructional design of the curriculum comes from Modeling Instruction, a well-known approach disseminated to science teachers in workshops across the country, and from Cognitive Apprenticeship, which …

Investigating Smart Magnetic Nanoparticles For Hyperthermia Treatment Of Cancer, Ronald J. Tackett, Prem P. Vaishnava, Ronald E. Kumon, Corneliu Rablau

Physics Grants

No abstract provided.

New Single-Molecule Speckle Microscopy Reveals Modification Of The Retrograde Actin Flow By Focal Adhesions At Nanometer Scales, Sawako Yamashiro, Hiroaki Mizuno, Matthew B. Smith, Gillian L. Ryan, Tai Kiuchi, Dimitrios Vavylonis, Naoki Watanabe

Physics Publications

Speckle microscopy directly visualizes the retrograde actin flow, which is believed to promote cell-edge protrusion when linked to focal adhesions (FAs). However, it has been argued that, due to rapid actin turnover, the use of green fluorescent protein–actin, the lack of appropriate analysis algorithms, and technical difficulties, speckle microscopy does not necessarily report the flow velocities of entire actin populations. In this study, we developed a new, user-friendly single-molecule speckle (SiMS) microscopy using DyLight dye-labeled actin. Our new SiMS method enables in vivo nanometer-scale displacement analysis with a low localization error of ±8–8.5 nm, allowing accurate flow-velocity measurement for actin …

Magnetic Microbubbles For Targeted Drug Release, Nicolaas Winter, Ronald Kumon, Prem Vaishnava

Physics Grants

We propose to synthesize and characterize magnetic microbubbles for examining the use of magnetic microbubbles for targeted drug delivery. Using magnetic microbubbles as carriers, we will test how well drugs can be dispersed by means of ultrasound and hyperthermia.

Vector Acoustic Intensity Around A Tuning Fork, Daniel A. Russell, Justin Junell, Daniel O. Ludwigsen

Physics Publications

The acoustic intensity vector field around a tuning fork is investigated. Theory for a longitudinal quadrupole source predicts a well-defined transition between near-field and far-field, with significant circulation of sound energy in the near-field. Vector components of the time-averaged intensity were measured using a two-microphone intensity probe and found to agree well with predictions from theory. The vector intensity map is interpreted, and shown to provide useful information about the near-field of an acoustic source.

Infrared Thermography For Noninvasive Real-Time Monitoring Of Hifu Ablation, Yi-Sing Hsiao, Ronald Kumon, Cheri X. Deng

Physics Presentations And Conference Materials

Infrared imaging for spatiotemporal temperature measurements was explored in this study for non-contact monitoring of temperature increases generated by HIFU ablation. Using ex vivo cardiac tissue specimens, we investigated the correlations between the occurrence of events during HIFU ablation (e.g., lesion formation, cavity formation) and the 2D spatiotemporal temperature of the tissue surface measured during HIFU ablation from an infrared camera. An increase in the rate of temperature rise was observed when lesions formed at or slightly beneath the tissue surface. Spatial shifts in the maximum temperature location away from the HIFU focus were often observed with continuing HIFU exposure …

High-Frequency Ultrasound M-Mode Monitoring Of Hifu Ablation In Cardiac Tissue, Ronald Kumon, Madhu Sudhan Reddy Gudur, Yun Zhou, Cheri X. Deng

Physics Presentations And Conference Materials

Effective real-time HIFU lesion detection is important for expanded use of HIFU in interventional electrophysiology (e.g., epicardial ablation of cardiac arrhythmia). The goal of this study was to investigate rapid, high-frequency M-mode ultrasound imaging for monitoring spatiotemporal changes in tissue during HIFU application. The HIFU application (4.33 MHz, 1000 Hz PRF, 50% duty cycle, 1 s exposure, 6100 W/cm²) was perpendicularly applied to porcine cardiac tissue with a high-frequency imaging system (Visualsonics Vevo 770, 55 MHz, 4.5 mm focal distance) confocally aligned. Radiofrequency (RF) M-mode data (1 kHz PRF, 4 s × 7 mm) was acquired before, during, …

High-Frequency Rapid B-Mode Ultrasound Imaging For Real-Time Monitoring Of Lesion Formation And Gas Body Activity During High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation, Madhu Sudhan Reddy Gudur, Ronald Kumon, Yun Zhou, Cheri X. Deng

Physics Publications

Abstract:

The goal of this study was to examine the ability of high-frame-rate, high-resolution imaging to monitor tissue necrosis and gas-body activities formed during high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) application. Ex vivo porcine cardiac tissue specimens (n = 24) were treated with HIFU exposure (4.33 MHz, 77 to 130 Hz pulse repetition frequency (PRF), 25 to 50% duty cycle, 0.2 to 1 s, 2600 W/cm2). RF data from Bmode ultrasound imaging were obtained before, during, and after HIFU exposure at a frame rate ranging from 77 to 130 Hz using an ultrasound imaging system with a center frequency of 55 MHz. …

High-Frequency Ultrasound M-Mode Imaging For Identifying Lesion And Bubble Activity During High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation, Ronald Kumon, Madhu Sudhan Reddy Gudur, Yun Zhou

Physics Publications

Effective real-time monitoring of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation is important for application of HIFU technology in interventional electrophysiology. This study investigated rapid, high-frequency M-mode ultrasound imaging for monitoring spatiotemporal changes during HIFU application. HIFU (4.33 MHz, 1 kHz PRF, 50% duty cycle, 1 s, 2600 – 6100 W/cm2 ) was applied to ex-vivo porcine cardiac tissue specimens with a confocally and perpendicularly aligned high-frequency imaging system (Visualsonics Vevo 770, 55 MHz center frequency). Radiofrequency (RF) data from M-mode imaging (1 kHz PRF, 2 s × 7 mm) was acquired before, during, and after HIFU treatment (n = 12). Among …

Acoustic Testing And Modeling: An Advanced Undergraduate Laboratory, Daniel A. Russell, Daniel O. Ludwigsen

Physics Publications

This paper describes an advanced laboratory course in acoustics, specifically targeted for students with an interest in engineering applications at a school with a strongly integrated industrial co-op program. The laboratory course is developed around a three-pronged approach to problem solving that combines and integrates theoretical models, computational models, and experimental data. The course is structured around modules that begin with fundamental concepts and build laboratory skills and expand the knowledge base toward a final project. Students keep a detailed laboratory notebook, write research papers in teams, and must pass laboratory certification exams. This paper describes the course layout and …

Lymph Node Characterization In Vivo Using Endoscopic Ultrasound Spectrum Analysis With Electronic Array Echo Endoscopes, Ronald Kumon, Aparna Repaka, Matthew Atkinson, Ashley L. Faulx, Richard C.K. Wong, Gerard A. Isenberg, Yi-Sing Hsiao, Madhu Sudhan Reddy Gudur, Cheri X. Deng, Amitabh Chak

Physics Publications

Our purpose was to demonstrate the use of radiofrequency spectral analysis to distinguish between benign and malignant lymph nodes with data obtained using electronic array echo endoscopes, as we have done previously using mechanical echo endoscopes. In a prospective study, images were obtained from eight patients with benign-appearing lymph nodes and 11 with malignant lymph nodes, as verified by fine-needle aspiration. Midband fit, slope, intercept, correlation coefficient, and root-mean-square (RMS) deviation from a linear regression of the calibrated power spectra were determined and compared between the groups. Significant differences were observable for mean midband fit, intercept, and RMS deviation (t …

Algorithm To Diagnose Leaks Or Blockages Downstream Of The Secondary Air Injection Reaction (Sair) Pressure Sensor, Ian J. Mac Ewen, Martin L. Hall, Lawrence O. Murray, Julia C. Grow, Richard Van Camp, David Edward Prout, Igor Anilovich

Physics Patents

A control module and method for an exhaust system of an engine can include a secondary air intake (SAI) pressure module that monitors SAI pressure. An accumulation module can accumulate an SAI string length based on the monitored SAI pressure. A calculation module can determine an average SAI string length based on the accumulated SAI string length. A determination module can determine an operating characteristic of the vehicle exhaust based on the average SAI string length.