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Optics

Series

1994

Articles 1 - 11 of 11

Full-Text Articles in Physics

Portable, High-Bandwidth Frequency-Domain Photon Migration Instrument For Tissue Spectroscopy, Steen J. Madsen, Eric R. Anderson, Richard C. Haskell, Bruce J. Tromberg Dec 1994

Portable, High-Bandwidth Frequency-Domain Photon Migration Instrument For Tissue Spectroscopy, Steen J. Madsen, Eric R. Anderson, Richard C. Haskell, Bruce J. Tromberg

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

We describe a novel frequency-domain photon migration instrument employing direct diode laser modulation and avalanche photodiode detection, which is capable of noninvasively determinating the optical properties of biological tissues in near real time. An infinite medium diffusion model was used to extract absorption and transport scattering coefficients from 300-kHz to 800-MHz photon-density wave phase data. Optical properties measured in tissue-simulating solutions at 670 nm agreed to within 10% of those expected.

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Optical-Fiber Preamplifiers For Ladar Detection And Associated Measurements For Improving The Signal-To-Noise Ratio, Michael S. Salisbury, Paul F. Mcmanamon, Bradley D. Duncan Dec 1994

Optical-Fiber Preamplifiers For Ladar Detection And Associated Measurements For Improving The Signal-To-Noise Ratio, Michael S. Salisbury, Paul F. Mcmanamon, Bradley D. Duncan

Electro-Optics and Photonics Faculty Publications

In an effort to increase achievable postdetection signal-tonoise ratios (SNRs) of continuous-wave, 1-gm all-solid-state ladar systems, a prototype rare-earth-doped optical-fiber amplifier has been included in the optical return signal path of both a heterodyne and a directdetection ladar system. We provide numerical predictions for SNR increases according to our previously developed theory. We also detail our experimental efforts and provide the results of SNR measurements for four distinct cases: direct ladar detection with and without a fiber amplifier, and heterodyne ladar detection with and without a fiber amplifier. Experimentally measured increases in SNRs for ladar systems incorporating an optical-fiber amplifier …

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Low-Frequency Line Shapes In Guided Acoustic-Wave Brillouin Scattering, Benjamin I. Greene, Peter N. Saeta Oct 1994

Low-Frequency Line Shapes In Guided Acoustic-Wave Brillouin Scattering, Benjamin I. Greene, Peter N. Saeta

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

Guided acoustic‐wave Brillouin scattering (GAWBS) measurements were performed on 20‐cm lengths of optical fibers with particular attention focused on the lowest lying resonance. In 125‐μm‐diam silica fibers, this resonance was observed to occur at ~22 MHz and have a line shape which varied erratically from sample to sample. Significant line shape fluctuations were evident even between sequential samples from the same fiber spool. We speculate that the observed effects are attributable to 0.01-0.1 μm distributed geometric deviations from a perfect cylinder.

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Boundary Conditions For The Diffusion Equation In Radiative Transfer, Richard C. Haskell, Lars O. Svaasand, Tsong-Tseh Tsay, Ti-Chen Feng, Matthew S. Mcadams, Bruce J. Tromberg Oct 1994

Boundary Conditions For The Diffusion Equation In Radiative Transfer, Richard C. Haskell, Lars O. Svaasand, Tsong-Tseh Tsay, Ti-Chen Feng, Matthew S. Mcadams, Bruce J. Tromberg

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

Using the method of images, we examine the three boundary conditions commonly applied to the surface of a semi-infinite turbid medium. We find that the image-charge configurations of the partial-current and extrapolated-boundary conditions have the same dipole and quadrupole moments and that the two corresponding solutions to the diffusion equation are approximately equal. In the application of diffusion theory to frequency-domain photon-migration (FDPM) data, these two approaches yield values for the scattering and absorption coefficients that are equal to within 3%. Moreover, the two boundary conditions can be combined to yield a remarkably simple, accurate, and computationally fast method for …

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Direct Relation Between Fresnel's Interface Reflection Coefficients For The Parallel And Perpendicular Polarizations: Erratum 2, R. M.A. Azzam Jul 1994

Direct Relation Between Fresnel's Interface Reflection Coefficients For The Parallel And Perpendicular Polarizations: Erratum 2, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The record is set straight concerning two equations that determine the reflection phase shifts at a single interface from the intensity reflectances forp- and s-polarized light at one angle of incidence. These equations appeared previously in this journal [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 69, 1007 (1979); erratum, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 70, 261 (1980)].

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X-Rays From Microstructured Targets Heated By Femtosecond Lasers, S. P. Gordon, Thomas D. Donnelly, A. Sullivan, H. Hamster, R. W. Falcone Apr 1994

X-Rays From Microstructured Targets Heated By Femtosecond Lasers, S. P. Gordon, Thomas D. Donnelly, A. Sullivan, H. Hamster, R. W. Falcone

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

We have demonstrated efficient conversion of ultrashort-pulse laser energy to x rays with energies above 1 keV, using laser-produced plasmas generated on a variety of microstructured surfaces. Lithographically produced grating targets generated 0.1 mJ of kilo-electron-volt x rays, and porous gold and aluminum targets emitted 1 mJ. This represents an improvement of a factor of 100 over flat targets. The K-shell emission spectrum of porous aluminum was composed primarily of heliumlike spectral lines.

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Rank Conditioned Rank Selection Filters For Signal Restoration, Russell C. Hardie, Kenneth E. Barner Mar 1994

Rank Conditioned Rank Selection Filters For Signal Restoration, Russell C. Hardie, Kenneth E. Barner

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

A class of nonlinear filters called rank conditioned rank selection (RCRS) filters is developed and analyzed in this paper. The RCRS filters are developed within the general framework of rank selection(RS) filters, which are filters constrained to output an order statistic from the observation set. Many previously proposed rank order based filters can be formulated as RS filters. The only difference between such filters is in the information used in deciding which order statistic to output. The information used by RCRS filters is the ranks of selected input samples, hence the name rank conditioned rank selection filters. The number of …

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Optical Properties Of Human Uterus At 630 Nm, Steen J. Madsen, Bruce J. Tromberg, Yona Tadir, Pius Wyss, Lars O. Svaasand, Richard C. Haskell Jan 1994

Optical Properties Of Human Uterus At 630 Nm, Steen J. Madsen, Bruce J. Tromberg, Yona Tadir, Pius Wyss, Lars O. Svaasand, Richard C. Haskell

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

The optical properties of normal and fibriotic human uteri were determined using frequency-domain and steady-state techniques .

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Frequency-Domain Photon Migration In Turbid Media, Bruce J. Tromberg, Steen J. Madsen, Curtis Chapman, Lars O. Svaasand, Richard C. Haskell Jan 1994

Frequency-Domain Photon Migration In Turbid Media, Bruce J. Tromberg, Steen J. Madsen, Curtis Chapman, Lars O. Svaasand, Richard C. Haskell

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

An analytical model is presented for the propagation of diffuse photon density waves in turbid media. The frequency- and wavelength-dependence of photon density waves are measured using Frequency-domain Photon Migration (FDPM). Media optical properties, including absorption, transport, and fluorescence relaxation times are calculated from experimental results.

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A Fringe Center Detection Technique Based On A Sub-Pixel Resolution, And Its Applications Using Sinusoidal Gratings, Ming Chang, Paul P. Lin, Wen Chih Tai Jan 1994

A Fringe Center Detection Technique Based On A Sub-Pixel Resolution, And Its Applications Using Sinusoidal Gratings, Ming Chang, Paul P. Lin, Wen Chih Tai

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

A common problem in optical profilometry is the accuracy in locating fringe centers. This paper presents an accurate fringe center detection technique based on sub-pixel resolution using the fringe projection method. An optimum reconstruction filter is developed which has low sensitivity to noise. In fringe center detection, computer simulation results of using one-pixel and sub-pixel resolutions are compared. The detection technique is then applied to radius measurement of cylindrical objects and surface profile measurement of diffuse objects. The experimental results thus obtained through the proposed optimum reconstruction filter show significant improvement in measurement accuracy.

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Development Of Strength Theories For Random Fiber Composites, Victor Giurgiutiu Jan 1994

Development Of Strength Theories For Random Fiber Composites, Victor Giurgiutiu

Faculty Publications

A ressessment of existing theories for calculating the strength of random and quasi-random fiber composites is presented. Fundamental aspects regarding the physical model, macromechanics analysis, fiber distribution functions, generalized failure criterion, and progressive versus sudden failure models are covered first. Progressive ductile failure, progressive brittle failure, and sudden brittle failure are treated in detail. In each case, the original theory is briefly reviewed, and then its extensions accompanied by numerical examples are presented. Several limitations originally imposed by Hahn, such as the monotonically nonincreasing requirement on the failure strain curve, are lifted and the mathematical formulations are generalized. Some common …

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