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Articles 1 - 30 of 87
Full-Text Articles in Physics
Developing And Testing An Anguilliform Robot Swimming With Theoretically High Hydrodynamic Efficiency, John B. Potts Iii
Developing And Testing An Anguilliform Robot Swimming With Theoretically High Hydrodynamic Efficiency, John B. Potts Iii
University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations
An anguilliform swimming robot replicating an idealized motion is a complex marine vehicle necessitating both a theoretical and experimental analysis to completely understand its propulsion characteristics. The ideal anguilliform motion within is theorized to produce ``wakeless'' swimming (Vorus, 2011), a reactive swimming technique that produces thrust by accelerations of the added mass in the vicinity of the body. The net circulation for the unsteady motion is theorized to be eliminated.
The robot was designed to replicate the desired, theoretical motion by applying control theory methods. Independent joint control was used due to hardware limitations. The fluid velocity vectors in the …
Distributions Of Long-Lived Radioactive Nuclei Provided By Star-Forming Environments, Marco Fatuzzo, Fred Adams
Distributions Of Long-Lived Radioactive Nuclei Provided By Star-Forming Environments, Marco Fatuzzo, Fred Adams
Faculty Scholarship
Radioactive nuclei play an important role in planetary evolution by providing an internal heat source, which affects planetary structure and helps facilitate plate tectonics. A minimum level of nuclear activity is thought to be necessary—but not sufficient—for planets to be habitable. Extending previous work that focused on short-lived nuclei, this paper considers the delivery of long-lived radioactive nuclei to circumstellar disks in star forming regions. Although the long-lived nuclear species are always present, their abundances can be enhanced through multiple mechanisms. Most stars form in embedded cluster environments, so that disks can be enriched directly by intercepting ejecta from supernovae …
Investigation Of Photopolymer-Based Holographic Optical Elements For Solar Applications, Hoda Akbari
Investigation Of Photopolymer-Based Holographic Optical Elements For Solar Applications, Hoda Akbari
Doctoral
The aim of this research was to explore the potential of photopolymer Holographic Optical Elements (HOE) for use in the collection of light from a moving source, such as the sun, and its direction into a fixed detector/convertor for application in solar concentrators. In order to increase the acceptance angle and the wavelength range of operation of the holographic device, low spatial frequency holographic recording was explored. The challenge was to record high diffraction efficiency HOEs at this spatial frequency, since it requires a material with relatively fast monomer diffusion. The acrylamide-based photopolymer developed at the Centre for Industrial and …
Project Low Horizon - Horizon Detection Through The Use Of Infrared Sensors, Adam Bower, Evan Unruh, Justin Smith
Project Low Horizon - Horizon Detection Through The Use Of Infrared Sensors, Adam Bower, Evan Unruh, Justin Smith
Von Braun Symposium Student Posters
No abstract provided.
Charging Level And Deposition Of Droplets In Electrostatic Painting, Husam Osman
Charging Level And Deposition Of Droplets In Electrostatic Painting, Husam Osman
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
The process of electrostatic painting has become a very important method of coating in a wide range of industrial applications including those used in the automobile industry. The general principle of spray coating is to deposit liquid droplets or solid powder particles on coated targets having various shapes. The electrostatic coating process consists of three main stages: droplet formation and charging, transportation and deposition. The complication of this process is caused by various factors, such as the physical properties of the material to be used, the appropriate electrical and mechanical conditions and the target surface to be coated, which affects …
Temperature Dependent Rubidium-Helium Line Shapes And Fine Structure Mixing Rates, Wooddy S. Miller
Temperature Dependent Rubidium-Helium Line Shapes And Fine Structure Mixing Rates, Wooddy S. Miller
Theses and Dissertations
Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPALs) are a new type of laser that uses alkali metal vapor as a gain medium and a buffer gas to control the line shape and kinetics. While these systems were first demonstrated in 2003 [48] they have just recently been scaled to the kilowatt power levels in 2012 [18]. To achieve these powers, the design of the gain cell relied on a set of incomplete line shape and kinetic data. The current focus areas of DPAL research are the continued power scaling of the systems and basic science research into the rates involved within the …
Secondary Electrohydrodynamic Flow Generated By Corona And Dielectric Barrier Discharges, Mohammadreza Ghazanchaei
Secondary Electrohydrodynamic Flow Generated By Corona And Dielectric Barrier Discharges, Mohammadreza Ghazanchaei
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
One of the main goals of applied electrostatics engineering is to discover new perspectives in a wide range of research areas. Controlling the fluid media through electrostatic forces has brought new important scientific and industrial applications. Electric field induced flows, or electrohydrodynamics (EHD), have shown promise in the field of fluid dynamics. Although numerous EHD applications have been explored and extensively studied so far, most of the works are either experimental studies, which are not capable to explain the in depth physics of the phenomena, or detailed analytical studies, which are not time effective. The focus of this study is …
The Threshold Of Hearing, Mike Wereski
Analyzing Major Challenges Of Wind And Solar Variability In Power Systems, Falko Ueckerdt, Robert Brecha, Gunnar Luderer
Analyzing Major Challenges Of Wind And Solar Variability In Power Systems, Falko Ueckerdt, Robert Brecha, Gunnar Luderer
Physics Faculty Publications
Ambitious policy targets together with current and projected high growth rates indicate that future power systems will likely show substantially increased generation from renewable energy sources. A large share will come from the variable renewable energy (VRE) sources wind and solar photovoltaics (PV); however, integrating wind and solar causes challenges for existing power systems. In this paper we analyze three major integration challenges related to the structural matching of demand with the supply of wind and solar power: low capacity credit, reduced utilization of dispatchable plants, and over-produced generation. Based on residual load duration curves we define corresponding challenge variables …
Magnetic Transport Properties Of Oriented Soft, Hard And Exchange-Coupled Magnetic Thin Films And Au25(Sc6H13)18 Spherical Nanocluster, Rukshan M. Thantirige
Magnetic Transport Properties Of Oriented Soft, Hard And Exchange-Coupled Magnetic Thin Films And Au25(Sc6H13)18 Spherical Nanocluster, Rukshan M. Thantirige
Doctoral Dissertations
This study was conducted with the aim of improving permanent magnetic properties of existing materials and exploring non-conventional ferromagnetic properties of gold-based nanoclusters. The first chapter of this dissertation gives an introduction to relevant fundamental concepts and proceeding chapters present findings of three projects. In the first project, shape anisotropy induced permanent magnetism in oriented magnetic thin films was investigated. Roll-to-roll nanoimprinting, a high-throughput fabrication method was utilized to fabricate densely packed Fe nanostripe-based magnetic thin films that exhibit large in-plane uniaxial anisotropy and nearly square hysteresis loops at room temperature. (BH)max exceeds 3 MGOe for samples of intermediate …
Global Optimized Isothermal And Nonlinear Models Of Earth’S Standard Atmosphere, Nihad E. Daidzic, Ph.D.,
Global Optimized Isothermal And Nonlinear Models Of Earth’S Standard Atmosphere, Nihad E. Daidzic, Ph.D.,
International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace
Both, a global isothermal temperature model and a nonlinear quadratic temperature model of the ISA was developed and presented here. Constrained optimization techniques in conjunction with the least-square-root approximations were used to design best-fit isothermal models for ISA pressure and density changes up to 47 geopotential km for NLPAM, and 86 orthometric km for ISOAM respectively. The mass of the dry atmosphere and the relevant fractional-mass scale heights have been computed utilizing the very accurate eight-point Gauss-Legendre numerical quadrature for both ISOAM and NLPAM. Both, the ISOAM and the NLPAM represent viable alternatives to ISA in many practical applications and …
Infographics And Mathematics: A Mechanism For Effective Learning In The Classroom, Ivan Sudakov, Thomas Bellsky, Svetlana Usenyuk, Victoria V. Polyakova
Infographics And Mathematics: A Mechanism For Effective Learning In The Classroom, Ivan Sudakov, Thomas Bellsky, Svetlana Usenyuk, Victoria V. Polyakova
Physics Faculty Publications
This work discusses the creation and use of infographies in an undergraduate mathematics course. Infographies are a visualization of information combining data, formulas, and images. This article discusses how to form an infographic and uses infographics on topics within mathematics and climate as examples. It concludes with survey data from undergraduate students on both the general use of infographics and on the specific infographics designed by the authors.
The Lunar Exosphere: Spatial And Temporal Variations Of Sodium And Potassium Emissions From November 2013 To May 2014, Dona Chathuni P. Kuruppuaratchi
The Lunar Exosphere: Spatial And Temporal Variations Of Sodium And Potassium Emissions From November 2013 To May 2014, Dona Chathuni P. Kuruppuaratchi
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
I apply high resolution spectroscopy to investigate the lunar exosphere by measuring sodium and potassium spectral line profiles to determine spatial and temporal variations in exospheric effective temperatures and velocities. Observations were made from the National Solar Observatory (MMP) at Kitt Peak, Arizona from November 2013 to May 2014, with the exception of March 2014. Data collection was centered of full moon and spanned several nights with lunar phase angle coverage ranging from 65.6° (waxing) to 78.7° (waning). Observations were concurrent with the NASA LADEE mission science and instrument testing phases. We used a dial etalon Fabry-Perot spectrometer with a …
Improved Terahertz Modulation Using Germanium Telluride (Gete) Chalcogenide Thin Films, Alexander H. Gwin, Christopher H. Kodama, Tod V. Laurvick, Ronald Coutu Jr., Philip F. Taday
Improved Terahertz Modulation Using Germanium Telluride (Gete) Chalcogenide Thin Films, Alexander H. Gwin, Christopher H. Kodama, Tod V. Laurvick, Ronald Coutu Jr., Philip F. Taday
Faculty Publications
We demonstrate improved terahertz (THz) modulation using thermally crystallized germanium telluride (GeTe) thin films. GeTe is a chalcogenide material that exhibits a nonvolatile, amorphous to crystalline phase change at approximately 200 °C, as well as six orders of magnitude decreased electrical resistivity. In this study, amorphous GeTe thin films were sputtered on sapphire substrates and then tested using THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The test samples, heated in-situ while collecting THz-TDS measurements, exhibited a gradual absorbance increase, an abrupt nonvolatile reduction at the transition temperature, followed by another gradual increase in absorbance. The transition temperature was verified by conducting similar thermal …
The Robert H. Goddard Papers, Robert H. Goddard
The Robert H. Goddard Papers, Robert H. Goddard
Archives & Special Collections Finding Aids
Dr. Robert H. Goddard was a member of the Clark Physics Department for 29 years. Foremost American pioneer of rocket research, he laid the technical and theoretical foundations for many of the developments in long-range rockets, missiles, satellites and space flight, which collectively put us into the Space Age.
The collection includes correspondence, diaries, journals, patent applications and awards, reports, and photographs. The collection also includes original paintings by Dr. Goddard.
Variable Renewable Energy In Modeling Climate Change Mitigation Scenarios, Falko Ueckerdt, Robert J. Brecha, Gunnar Luderer, Patrick Sullivan, Eva Schmid, Nico Bauer, Diana Böttger
Variable Renewable Energy In Modeling Climate Change Mitigation Scenarios, Falko Ueckerdt, Robert J. Brecha, Gunnar Luderer, Patrick Sullivan, Eva Schmid, Nico Bauer, Diana Böttger
Robert J. Brecha
This paper addresses the issue of how to account for short‐term temporal variability of renewable energy sources and power demand in long‐term climate change mitigation scenarios in energy‐economic models. An approach that captures in a stylized way the major challenges to the integration of variable renewable energy sources into power systems has been developed. As a first application this approach has been introduced to REMIND‐D, a hybrid energy‐economy model of Germany. An approximation of the residual load duration curve is implemented. The approximating function endogenously changes depending on the penetration and mix of variable renewable power. The approach can thus …
Establishing Building Recommissioning Priorities And Potential Energy Savings From Utility Energy Data, Kevin P. Hallinan, Philip Brodrick, Jessica Northridge, J. Kelly Kissock, Robert J. Brecha
Establishing Building Recommissioning Priorities And Potential Energy Savings From Utility Energy Data, Kevin P. Hallinan, Philip Brodrick, Jessica Northridge, J. Kelly Kissock, Robert J. Brecha
Robert J. Brecha
An energy reduction program for commercial buildings is implemented for a SW Ohio natural gas utility. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that historical utility data for individual building customers, along with knowledge of pertinent building information (square footage, year built, number of floors, height of floors, wall construction type, and use type) available in county auditor databases, could be used to identify the best candidate buildings for recommissioning in terms of energy savings and simple payback. A study is completed for all natural gas customers of a utility in Montgomery and Clinton counties in Ohio. A total …
Cooling Atoms In An Optical Trap By Selective Parametric Excitation, Nicola Poli, Robert J. Brecha, Giacomo Roati, Giovanni Modugno
Cooling Atoms In An Optical Trap By Selective Parametric Excitation, Nicola Poli, Robert J. Brecha, Giacomo Roati, Giovanni Modugno
Robert J. Brecha
We demonstrate the possibility of energy-selective removal of cold atoms from a tight optical trap by means of parametric excitation of the trap vibrational modes. Taking advantage of the anharmonicity of the trap potential, we either selectively remove the most energetic trapped atoms or excite those at the bottom of the trap by tuning the parametric modulation frequency. This process, which had been previously identified as a possible source of heating, also appears to be a robust way for forcing evaporative cooling in anharmonic traps.
Rose: Roadmaps Towards Sustainable Energy Futures And Climate Protection: A Synthesis Of Results From The Rose Project, Elmar Kriegler, Ioanna Mouratiadou, Gunnar Luderer, Nico Bauer, Katherine Calvin, Enrica Decian, Robert J. Brecha, Wenying Chen, Aleh Cherp, Jae Edmonds, Kejun Jiang, Shonali Pachauri, Fabio Sferra, Massimo Tavoni, Ottmar Edenhofer
Rose: Roadmaps Towards Sustainable Energy Futures And Climate Protection: A Synthesis Of Results From The Rose Project, Elmar Kriegler, Ioanna Mouratiadou, Gunnar Luderer, Nico Bauer, Katherine Calvin, Enrica Decian, Robert J. Brecha, Wenying Chen, Aleh Cherp, Jae Edmonds, Kejun Jiang, Shonali Pachauri, Fabio Sferra, Massimo Tavoni, Ottmar Edenhofer
Robert J. Brecha
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Exploring energy demand and supply uncertainty: An exploration of uncertainty on drivers of energy demand and supply is indispensable for better understanding the prospects of long-tern climate stabilization. The RoSE study is the first of its kind to systematically explore the impact of economic growth, population and fossil fuel scarcity, in scenarios with and without climate policy, using a model ensemble. A feature of RoSE is the participation of five established integrated assessment modelling teams from three important regions in international climate policy negotiations: the EU, the USA and China. Economic growth: Neither slow nor rapid economic growth …
Two-Level Atom In An Optical Parametric Oscillator: Spectra Of Transmitted And Fluorescent Fields In The Weak Driving Field Limit, James P. Clemens, Perry R. Rice, Pranaw Kumar Rungta, Robert J. Brecha
Two-Level Atom In An Optical Parametric Oscillator: Spectra Of Transmitted And Fluorescent Fields In The Weak Driving Field Limit, James P. Clemens, Perry R. Rice, Pranaw Kumar Rungta, Robert J. Brecha
Robert J. Brecha
We consider the interaction of a two-level atom inside an optical parametric oscillator. In the weak-driving-field limit, we essentially have an atom-cavity system driven by the occasional pair of correlated photons, or weakly squeezed light. We find that we may have holes, or dips, in the spectrum of the fluorescent and transmitted light. This occurs even in the strong-coupling limit when we find holes in the vacuum-Rabi doublet. Also, spectra with a subnatural linewidth may occur. These effects disappear for larger driving fields, unlike the spectral narrowing obtained in resonance fluorescence in a squeezed vacuum; here it is important that …
Renewable Energy In The Context Of Sustainable Development, Jayant Sathaye, Oswaldo Lucon, Atiq Rahman, John Christensen, Fatima Denton, Junichi Fujino, Garvin Heath, Monirul Mirza, Hugh Rudnick, August Schlaepfer, Andrey Shmakin, Gerhard Angerer, Christian Bauer, Morgan Bazilian, Robert J. Brecha, Peter Burgherr, Leon Clarke, Felix Creutzig, James Edmonds, Christian Hagelüken, Gerrit Hansen, Nathan Hultman, Michael Jakob, Susanne Kadner, Manfred Lenzen, Jordan Macknick, Eric Masanet, Yu Nagai, Anne Olhoff, Karen Olsen, Michael Pahle, Ari Rabl, Richard Richels, Joyashree Roy, Tormod Schei, Christoph Von Stechow, Jan Christoph Steckel, Ethan Warner, Tom Wilbanks, Yimin Zhang
Renewable Energy In The Context Of Sustainable Development, Jayant Sathaye, Oswaldo Lucon, Atiq Rahman, John Christensen, Fatima Denton, Junichi Fujino, Garvin Heath, Monirul Mirza, Hugh Rudnick, August Schlaepfer, Andrey Shmakin, Gerhard Angerer, Christian Bauer, Morgan Bazilian, Robert J. Brecha, Peter Burgherr, Leon Clarke, Felix Creutzig, James Edmonds, Christian Hagelüken, Gerrit Hansen, Nathan Hultman, Michael Jakob, Susanne Kadner, Manfred Lenzen, Jordan Macknick, Eric Masanet, Yu Nagai, Anne Olhoff, Karen Olsen, Michael Pahle, Ari Rabl, Richard Richels, Joyashree Roy, Tormod Schei, Christoph Von Stechow, Jan Christoph Steckel, Ethan Warner, Tom Wilbanks, Yimin Zhang
Robert J. Brecha
Historically, economic development has been strongly correlated with increasing energy use and growth of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Renewable energy (RE) can help decouple that correlation, contributing to sustainable development (SD). In addition, RE offers the opportunity to improve access to modern energy services for the poorest members of society, which is crucial for the achievement of any single of the eight Millennium Development Goals. Theoretical concepts of SD can provide useful frameworks to assess the interactions between SD and RE. SD addresses concerns about relationships between human society and nature. Traditionally, SD has been framed in the three-pillar model—Economy, …
Ten Reasons To Take Peak Oil Seriously, Robert Brecha
Ten Reasons To Take Peak Oil Seriously, Robert Brecha
Robert J. Brecha
Forty years ago, the results of modeling, as presented in The Limits to Growth, reinvigorated a discussion about exponentially growing consumption of natural resources, ranging from metals to fossil fuels to atmospheric capacity, and how such consumption could not continue far into the future. Fifteen years earlier, M. King Hubbert had made the projection that petroleum production in the continental United States would likely reach a maximum around 1970, followed by a world production maximum a few decades later. The debate about “peak oil," as it has come to be called, is accompanied by some of the same vociferous denials, …
Identifying The Experimental And Theoretical Effective Characteristics Of Nonaligned Anisotropic Metamaterials, Michael R. Benson
Identifying The Experimental And Theoretical Effective Characteristics Of Nonaligned Anisotropic Metamaterials, Michael R. Benson
Theses and Dissertations
Previous research into anisotropic materials has assumed certain properties in order to make the underlying mathematics tractable. One of the assumptions is the alignment of the optical axes with the laboratory frame of reference, such as split-ring resonators lying at on the material plane. This assumption does not hold true for many metamaterials, such as tilted nanorods. Techniques such as ellipsometry are needed to analyze the effective characteristics of these highly anisotropic structures. In this research, tilted nanorods are analyzed using generalized ellipsometry to extract the indices of the optical axes. The underlying physics of ellipsometry is then used to …
Spectrally-Resolved Imaging Of The Transverse Modes In Multimode Vcsels, Stephan A. Misak, Dan G. Dugmore, Kirsten A. Middleton, Evan R. Hale, Kelly R. Farner, Kent D. Choquette, Paul O. Leisher
Spectrally-Resolved Imaging Of The Transverse Modes In Multimode Vcsels, Stephan A. Misak, Dan G. Dugmore, Kirsten A. Middleton, Evan R. Hale, Kelly R. Farner, Kent D. Choquette, Paul O. Leisher
Rose-Hulman Undergraduate Research Publications
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) enable a range of applications such as data transmission, trace sensing, atomic clocks, and optical mice. For many of these applications, the output power and beam quality are both critical (i.e. high output power with good beam quality is desired). Multi-mode VCSELs offer much higher power than single-mode devices, but this comes at the expense of lower beam quality. Directly observing the resolved mode structure of multi-mode VCSELs would enable engineers to better understand the underlying physics and help them to develop multi-mode devices with improved beam quality. In this work, a low-cost, high-resolution (<3 >pm) …3>
Power Maximization Of A Three-Phase Hydrokinetic Turbine, Matthew Carleson
Power Maximization Of A Three-Phase Hydrokinetic Turbine, Matthew Carleson
Senior Theses
As Earth`s expendable resources dwindle, the need for alternative, renewable energy sources grows. Out of this need, an old favorite source is rising in popularity: small water turbines. Water-driven turbines first began as a means for turning mills and eventually evolved into massive dams that can power whole regions. This project focused on the construction of, and testing the properties of, a small pico-hydro power turbine. By using compressed air to drive the turbine, a representation of the peak power output was measured, serving as a basis for determining the value of pico-power systems in regards to the world`s current …
Effect Of Seam-Height On Curveballs, Joseph S. Carroll
Effect Of Seam-Height On Curveballs, Joseph S. Carroll
Senior Theses
The difference in seam-height between raised and flat-seam baseballs causes them to react differently when thrown by a pitcher. Altering the seam-height on the ball changes the amount of drag force on it as it travels through the air. The goal of this experiment is to measure the difference in vertical deflection between the two types of balls when pitched with curveball topspin. It was discovered that the baseball with raised-seams experiences more vertical deflection than the flat-seam ball.
A Charged Fusion Product Diagnostic For A Spherical Tokamak, Ramona V. Perez
A Charged Fusion Product Diagnostic For A Spherical Tokamak, Ramona V. Perez
FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Designs for future nuclear fusion power reactors rely on the ability to create a stable plasma (hot ionized gas of hydrogen isotopes) as a medium with which to sustain nuclear fusion reactions. My dissertation work involves designing, constructing, testing, installing, operating, and validating a new diagnostic for spherical tokamaks, a type of reactor test facility. Through detecting charged particles emitted from the plasma, this instrument can be used to study fusion reaction rates within the plasma and how they are affected by plasma perturbations. Quantitatively assessing nuclear fusion reaction rates at specific locations inside the plasma and as a function …
Measuring Strain In Trusses, Spencer Metzsch
Measuring Strain In Trusses, Spencer Metzsch
Senior Theses
Strain is an important quantity in engineering design and materials science that relates the deformation of a material to its original length, through a percentage. Different materials exhibit particular qualities under loading, for example the amount of strain due to a certain magnitude of force, or the amount of strain that can be borne before failure. This experiment aims to compare the relative strengths of three common truss configurations by measuring the strain in their members under loading. The Queen’s post truss was found to be the best at minimizing strain under similar loading conditions.
Energy Selective Neutron Imaging For The Characterization Of Polycrystalline Materials, Robin Woracek
Energy Selective Neutron Imaging For The Characterization Of Polycrystalline Materials, Robin Woracek
Doctoral Dissertations
This multipart dissertation focuses on the development and evaluation of advanced methods for material testing and characterization using neutron diffraction and imaging techniques. A major focus is on exploiting diffraction contrast in energy selective neutron imaging (often referred to as Bragg edge imaging) for strain and phase mapping of crystalline materials. The dissertation also evaluates the use of neutron diffraction to study the effect of multi-axial loading, in particular the role of applying directly shear strains from the application of torsion. A portable tension-torsion-tomography loading system has been developed for in-situ measurements and integrated at major user facilities around the …
Manipulating The Mass Distribution Of A Golf Putter, Paul J. Hessler Jr.
Manipulating The Mass Distribution Of A Golf Putter, Paul J. Hessler Jr.
Senior Honors Projects
Putting may appear to be the easiest but is actually the most technically challenging part of the game of golf. The ideal putting stroke will remain parallel to its desired trajectory both in the reverse and forward direction when the putter head is within six inches of the ball. Deviation from this concept will cause a cut or sidespin on the ball that will affect the path the ball will travel.
Club design plays a large part in how well a player will be able to achieve a straight back and straight through club head path near impact; specifically the …