Physics Commons^™

Splashing Of Large Helium Nanodroplets Upon Surface Collisions, Paul Martini, Simon Albertini, Felix Laimer, Miriam Meyer, Michael Gatchell, Olof E. Echt, Fabio Zappa, Paul Scheier

Faculty Publications

In the present work we observe that helium nanodroplets colliding with surfaces can exhibit splashing in a way that is analogous to classical liquids. We use transmission electron microscopy and mass spectrometry to demonstrate that neutral and ionic dopants embedded in the droplets are efficiently backscattered in such events. High abundances of weakly bound He-tagged ions of both polarities indicate a gentle extraction mechanism of these ions from the droplets upon collision with a solid surface. This backscattering process is observed for dopant particles with masses up to 400 kilodaltons, indicating an unexpected mechanism that effectively lowers deposition rates of …

Intracavity Phase Interferometry Based Fiber Sensors, Luke Jameson Horstman

Optical Science and Engineering ETDs

Intracavity Phase Interferometry (IPI) is a detection technique that exploits the inherent sensitivity of a laser's frequency to the parameters of its cavity. Intracavity interferometry is orders of magnitude more sensitive than its extracavity alternatives. This dissertation improves on previous free-space proof-of-concept designs. By implementing the technique in fiber optics, using optical parametric oscillation, and investigating non-Hermitian quantum mechanics and dispersion tailoring enhancement techniques, IPI has become more applicable and sensitive. Ring and linear IPI configurations were realized in this work, both operating as bidirectional fiber optical parametric oscillators. The benefit of using externally pumped synchronous optical parametric oscillation is …

Study Of The Geometric Structure Of Low-Atomic Copper Clusters Using Computer Simulation, Nodirbek Ikromjonovich Ibrokhimov

Scientific-technical journal

In this work, we investigated the geometric structure of small neutral copper clusters with low energy using the MD (Molecular Dynamics) method. When calculating the processes of interatomic interaction, we used a potential EAM (Embedded-atom method). A computer model of Cu_n (n = 2-13) clusters has been created. The geometric shapes of the Cu₂, Cu₃, Cu₄, Cu₅, Cu₆, Cu₇, Cu₈, Cu₉, Cu₁₀, Cu₁₁, Cu₁₂, and Cu₁₃ clusters have been studied and the structural parameters (Cu-Cu bond …

Effects Of Anharmonicity In A Dual-Sagnac Interferometer, Stephen Thomas

Honors College Theses

A recent experiment implemented a dual Sagnac atom interferometer (AI) for rotation sensing using a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) confined in a TOP-trap potential. The BEC is split twice by laser light to create two pairs of counter-orbiting clouds in a lowest-order harmonic potential with each pair acting as a separate Sagnac interferometer. After one orbit the two overlapping cloud pairs are split again and the interference patterns are inferred from the population of atoms in the zero-momentum state. We have simulated the impact of the presence of anharmonic terms in the potential on the performance of the AI as measured …

Voltage Controlled Néel Vector Rotation In Zero Magnetic Field, Ather Mahmood, Will Echtenkamp, Mike Street, Jun Lei Wang, Shi Cao, Takashi Komesu, Peter Dowben, Pratyush Buragohain, Haidong Lu, Alexei Gruverman, Arun Parthasarathy, Shaloo Rakheja, Christian Binek

Peter Dowben Publications

Multi-functional thin films of boron (B) doped Cr₂O₃ exhibit voltage-controlled and nonvolatile Néel vector reorientation in the absence of an applied magnetic field, H. Toggling of antiferromagnetic states is demonstrated in prototype device structures at CMOS compatible temperatures between 300 and 400 K. The boundary magnetization associated with the Néel vector orientation serves as state variable which is read via magnetoresistive detection in a Pt Hall bar adjacent to the B:Cr₂O₃ film. Switching of the Hall voltage between zero and non-zero values implies Néel vector rotation by 90 degrees. Combined magnetometry, spin resolved inverse …

Quantum State Tomography Of Molecules By Ultrafast Diffraction, Ming Zhang, Shuqiao Zhang, Yanwei Xiong, Hankai Zhang, Anatoly A. Ischenko, Oriol Vendrell, Xiaolong Dong, Xiangxu Mu, Martin Centurion, Haitan Xu, R. J.Dwayne Miller, Zheng Li

Martin Centurion Publications

Ultrafast electron diffraction and time-resolved serial crystallography are the basis of the ongoing revolution in capturing at the atomic level of detail the structural dynamics of molecules. However, most experiments capture only the probability density of the nuclear wavepackets to determine the time-dependent molecular structures, while the full quantum state has not been accessed. Here, we introduce a framework for the preparation and ultrafast coherent diffraction from rotational wave packets of molecules, and we establish a new variant of quantum state tomography for ultrafast electron diffraction to characterize the molecular quantum states. The ability to reconstruct the density matrix, which …

Sigesn Light-Emitting Devices: From Optical To Electrical Injection, Yiyin Zhou

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Si photonics is a fast-developing technology that impacts many applications such as data centers, 5G, Lidar, and biological/chemical sensing. One of the merits of Si photonics is to integrate electronic and photonic components on a single chip to form a complex functional system that features compact, low-cost, high-performance, and reliability. Among all building blocks, the monolithic integration of lasers on Si encountered substantial challenges. Si and Ge, conventional epitaxial material on Si, are incompetent for light emission due to the indirect bandgap. The current solution compromises the hybrid integration of III-V lasers, which requires growing on separate smaller size substrates …

Ultrafast Magnetic Entropy Dynamics With Time-Resolved Pump-Probe Magneto-Optical Technique., Sahar Goharshenasanesfahani

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

It has been observed that ultrathin films, multilayers, or magnetic nanostructures indicate novel magnetic phenomena that differ profoundly from the respective bulk properties. Besides, because of the broad applications of these magnetic materials in the industry, they are an exciting research area. Hence, investigating the low-dimensional magnetic systems is one of the most active fields in experimental condensed matter physics. Magnetization dynamics can occur over a wide range of time scales (from seconds to femtoseconds). Some of these processes even occur on time scales as short as a few picoseconds (10^-12s) or femtoseconds (10^-15s). Measurement of …

Parity-Time Symmetry In A Coherent Atomic Medium, Jingliang Feng

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Parity-time (PT) symmetry has attracted considerable attention since optics was realized with the ability to provide a fertile platform for the exploration of PT symmetry. Although many of the previous researches on PT symmetry have been conducted in solid-state system and the network of fiber loops, coherent atomic medium offers another platform for the exploration of PT symmetry due to its easy reconfigurability and flexible tunability in parameters.

This dissertation mainly focuses on the investigations of the phenomena related to PT-symmetric optical lattice in a coherent atomic medium. First, a controllable photonic crystal with periodic Raman gain was constructed in …

Development Of A Magnetic Confinement Attachment For Enhanced Signal In Handheld Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Soil Analysis, Alfred C. Anderson

Theses and Dissertations

Field techniques for characterizing low levels of heavy elements of less than 100 parts per million in soils tend to be unreliable because of the relatively weak signal of these elements and the large, variable background inherent to analyzing soils with minimal sample preparation. To enhance the detection and analysis capability of a handheld laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument, this work investigates the effects of a unique magnetic confinement apparatus on signal intensities, focusing on five iron lines as well as those from actinides in 11 soil samples. The proposed magnetic confinement apparatus achieved over 0.8 T but did not …

Adsorption Of Helium On A Charged Propeller Molecule: Hexaphenylbenzene, Siegfried Kollotzek, Florent Calvo, Serge Krasnokutski, Fabio Zappa, Paul Scheier, Olof E. Echt

Faculty Publications

Physisorption on planar or curved graphitic surfaces or aromatic rings has been investigated by various research groups, but in these studies the substrate was usually strictly rigid. Here we report a combined experimental and theoretical study of helium adsorption on cationic hexaphenylbenzene (HPB), a propeller-shaped molecule. The orientation of its propeller blades is known to be sensitive to the environment, with substantial differences between the molecule in the gas phase and in the crystalline solid. Mass spectra of He_nHPB⁺, synthesized in helium nanodroplets, indicate enhanced stability for ions containing n = 2, 4, 14, 28, 42, …

Optically Active Selenium Vacancies In Baga4Se7 Crystals, Brian C. Holloway, Timothy D. Gustafson, Christopher A. Lenyk, Nancy C. Giles, Kevin T. Zawilski, Peter G. Schunemann, Kent L. Averett, Larry E. Halliburton

Faculty Publications

Barium gallium selenide (BaGa₄Se₇) is a recently developed nonlinear optical material with a transmission window extending from 470 nm to 17 μm. A primary application of these crystals is the production of tunable mid-infrared laser beams via optical parametric oscillation. Unintentional point defects, such as selenium vacancies, cation vacancies (barium and/or gallium), and trace amounts of transition-metal ions, are present in BaGa₄Se₇ crystals and may adversely affect device performance. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical absorption are used to identify and characterize these defects. Five distinct EPR spectra, each representing an electron …

Ferromagnetic Resonances In Single-Crystal Yttrium Iron Garnet Nanofilms Fabricated By Metal-Organic Decomposition, Szu Fan Wang, Kayetan Chorazewicz, Suvechhya Lamichhane, Ronald A. Parrott, Stefano Cabrini, Peter Fischer, Noah Kent, John H. Turner, Takayuki Ishibashi, Zachary Parker Frohock, Jacob J. Wisser, Peng Li, Ruthi Zielinski, Bryce Herrington, Yuri Suzuki, Mingzhong Wu, Keiko Munechika, Carlos Pina-Hernandez, Robert Streubel, Allen A. Sweet

Robert Streubel Papers

Tunable microwave and millimeter wave oscillators and bandpass filters with ultra-low phase noise play a critical role in electronic devices, including wireless communication, microelectronics, and quantum computing. Magnetic materials, such as yttrium iron garnet (YIG), possess ultra-low phase noise and a ferromagnetic resonance tunable up to tens of gigahertz. Here, we report structural and magnetic properties of single-crystal 60 and 130 nm-thick YIG films prepared by metal-organic decomposition epitaxy. These films, consisting of multiple homoepitaxially grown monolayers, are atomically flat and possess magnetic properties similar to those grown with liquid-phase epitaxy, pulsed laser deposition, and sputtering. Our approach does not …

Conformer-Specific Photochemistry Imaged In Real Space And Time, E. G. Champenois, D. M. Sanchez, J. Yang, J. P. Figueira Nunes, A. Attar, Martin Centurion, R. Forbes, M. Gühr, K. Hegazy, F. Ji, S. K. Saha, Y. Liu, M. F. Lin, D. Luo, B. Moore, X. Shen, M. R. Ware, Xijie Wang, T. J. Martínez, Thomas J. A. Wolf

Martin Centurion Publications

Conformational isomers (conformers) of molecules play a decisive role in biology and organic chemistry. However, experimental methods for investigating chemical reaction dynamics are typically not conformersensitive. We report on a gas-phase megaelectronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction investigation of a-phellandrene undergoing an electrocyclic ring-opening reaction. We directly imaged the evolution of a specific set of a-phellandrene conformers into the product isomer predicted by the Woodward-Hoffmann rules in real space and time. Our experimental results are in quantitative agreement with nonadiabatic quantum molecular dynamics simulations, which provide considerable detail of how conformation influences the time scale and quantum efficiency of photoinduced ring-opening reactions. …

Wave Function Identity: A New Symmetry For 2-Electron Systems In An Electromagnetic Field, Marlina Slamet, Viraht Sahni

Publications and Research

Stationary-state Schrödinger-Pauli theory is a description of electrons with a spin moment in an external electromagnetic field. For 2-electron systems as described by the Schrödinger-Pauli theory Hamiltonian with a symmetrical binding potential, we report a new symmetry operation of the electronic coordinates. The symmetry operation is such that it leads to the equality of the transformed wave function to the wave function. This equality is referred to as the Wave Function Identity. The symmetry operation is a two-step process: an interchange of the spatial coordinates of the electrons whilst keeping their spin moments unchanged, followed by an inversion. The Identity …

Magnetic Field Perturbations To A Soft X-Ray-Activated Fe (Ii) Molecular Spin State Transition, Guanhua Hao, Alpha T. N’Diaye, Thilini K. Ekanayaka, Ashley S. Dale, Xuanyuan Jiang, Esha Mishra, Corbyn Mellinger, Saeed Yazdani, John W. Freeland, Jian Zhang, Ruihua Cheng, Xiaoshan Xu, Peter Dowben

Peter Dowben Publications

The X-ray-induced spin crossover transition of an Fe (II) molecular thin film in the presence and absence of a magnetic field has been investigated. The thermal activation energy barrier in the soft X-ray activation of the spin crossover transition for [Fe{H₂B(pz)₂ }₂ (bipy)] molecular thin films is reduced in the presence of an applied magnetic field, as measured through X-ray absorption spectroscopy at various temperatures. The influence of a 1.8 T magnetic field is sufficient to cause deviations from the expected exponential spin state transition behavior which is measured in the field free case. We find …

Variational Energies For The Rydberg P States Of Helium, Cody Mcleod

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The aim of this work is to solve the quantum mechanical three-body problem for helium, and to obtain high precision eigenvalues for the higher-lying Rydberg states where previous methods have been of limited accuracy. A variational method in correlated Hylleraas coordinates is used involving three distinct distance scales, called a triple basis set. The eigenvalues and matrix elements of other operators are computed for P states of helium up to n = 15 using the varational method with a triple basis set in Hylleraas coordinates. The construction of the wave functions, as well as the behaviour of the asymptotic, intermediate …

Giant Transport Anisotropy In Res2 Revealed Via Nanoscale Conducting-Path Control, Dawei Li, Shuo Sun, Jingfeng Song, Ding-Fu Shao, Evgeny Y. Tsymbal, Stephen Ducharme, Xia Hong

Stephen Ducharme Publications

The low in-plane symmetry in layered 1T’-ReS₂ results in strong band anisotropy, while its manifestation in the electronic properties is challenging to resolve due to the lack of effective approaches for controlling the local current path. In this work, we reveal the giant transport anisotropy in monolayer to four-layer ReS2 by creating directional conducting paths via nanoscale ferroelectric control. By reversing the polarization of a ferroelectric polymer top layer, we induce a conductivity switching ratio of >1.5 × 10⁸ in the ReS2 channel at 300 K. Characterizing the domain-defined conducting nanowires in an insulating background shows that the …

Neutron Energy Tuning Assemblies For Nuclear Weapon Environment Applications At The National Ignition Facility, Nicholas J. Quartemont

Theses and Dissertations

An energy tuning assembly was developed to spectrally shape the National Ignition Facility deuterium-tritium fusion neutron source to a notional thermonuclear and prompt fission neutron spectrum to fulfill neutron source capability gaps. The experimental neutron environment was characterized with activation dosimetry, neutronics and covariance models, and unfolded to determine the as-fielded neutron spectrum. The first energy tuning assembly was demonstrated to create synthetic spectrally accurate post-detonation fission products, enhancing U.S. technical nuclear forensics capabilities. ATHENA, a second-generation energy tuning assembly, was also optimized to meet similar objectives, but the new platform neutron fluence efficiency was increased by a factor of …

Nonlinear Optical Studies Of Interfacial Ferroelectricity And Strain Distribution In Perovskite Dielectric Films, Tony Le

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Dielectric and ferroelectric perovskite films have been model energy storage structures for their low-dielectric loss, extremely high charge-discharge speed, and good temperature stability, yet there is still much to understand about the material’s limitations. This dissertation presents a detailed understanding of the strain-induced ferroelectricity at the boundary between a strontium titanate (SrTiO₃) ultrathin film epitaxially grown on a germanium (Ge) substrate through optical second harmonic generation (SHG), and the polydomain distribution in the Zr-doped BaTiO₃ (BZT) films by time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy.

First, SHG measurements were performed to reveal interfacial ferroelectricity in the epitaxial SrTiO₃/Ge (100) …

Spontaneous Fluctuations In A Magnetic Fe/Gd Skyrmion Lattice, M. H. Seaberg, B. Holladay, S. A. Montoya, X. Y. Zheng, J. C.T. Lee, A. H. Reid, J. D. Koralek, L. Shen, V. Esposito, G. Coslovich, P. Walter, S. Zohar, V. Thampy, M. F. Lin, P. Hart, K. Nakahara, R. Streubel, S. D. Kevan, P. Fischer, W. Colocho, A. Lutman, F. J. Decker, E. E. Fullerton, M. Dunne, S. Roy, S. K. Sinha, J. J. Turner

Robert Streubel Papers

Magnetic skyrmions are topological spin textures that exhibit classical or quantum quasiparticle behavior. A substantial amount of research has occurred in this field, both because of their unique electromagnetic properties and potential application for future nonvolatile memory storage applications, as well as fundamental questions on their topology and unique magnetic phases. Here, we investigate the fluctuation properties of a magnetic Fe/Gd skyrmion lattice, using short-pulsed x rays. We first measure spontaneous fluctuations of the skyrmion lattice phase and find an inherent, collective mode showing an underdamped oscillation with a relaxation of a couple of nanoseconds. Further observations track the response …

Optical Two-Dimensional Coherent Spectroscopy Of Many-Body Dynamics In Quantum Materials, Maria Fernanda Munoz

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Since the rise of the concept of quantum materials (QM), these materials described as many-body quantum systems (interacting atoms, molecules, or electrons) have been suitable for many optoelectronic and quantum applications. Additionally, there has been significant interest in the research of QM to understand the underlying physics behind their extraordinary optical properties. Examples of QM are ultracold atoms, layered 2D semiconductors, supramolecular materials, and more. In 2012, a high energy conversion efficiency of over 10% was reported for the first time for metal-halide perovskite (MHP) solar cells, opening a new era for photovoltaics research. The reported efficiencies have been improved …

Development Of A Low Field Mri-Based Approach For Observation Of Water Penetration Into Clay: Preliminary Results, Shivam Gupta

Undergraduate Student Research Internships Conference

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are considered one of the most efficient and non-invasive methods of observing water content in permeable substances. MRI can visualize and quantify the movement of water in real time. In this study, MRI was used to observe the water penetration through clay. Furthermore, MRI can acquire three-dimensional data due to its radio-frequency signals from any orientation. The contrast of the images produced by MRI is a display of the fluid concentration. As such, any change in the contrast intensity is interpreted as a regional change in the concentration of fluid. This report summarizes the preliminary results …

Simulating 129-Xe Hyperpolarization, Jacob F. Abiad

Undergraduate Student Research Internships Conference

Hyperpolarized 129-Xe is an important resource in many fields of medical physics and MRI research. The physics of the efficient production of hyperpolarized 129-Xe is therefore equally worth investigation. The main process of hyperpolarizing 129-Xe is Spin Exchange Optical Pumping (SEOP) and is dependent on several physical factors that can be difficult to constantly change in a lab setting. Physical modelling of 129-Xe hyperpolarization allows for the more efficient testing of hyperpolarization physics in a wide array of experimental setups to better determine the optimal values for hyperpolarization. This research project attempted to create a working model for 129-Xe hyperpolarization …

Dicationic Stilbazolium Salts: Structural, Thermal, Optical, And Ionic Conduction Properties, Pradip K. Bhowmik, Jung J. Koh, David King, Haesook Han, Benoît Heinrich, Bertrand Donnio, Daniel Zaton, Alfonso Martinez-Felipe

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

Two series of new dicationic stilbazolium salts containing tosylate and triflimide counterions, respectively, were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. Despite of their promesogenic structures, none of these salts are mesomorphous, and instead they solely exhibit crystalline polymorphism, as deduced from differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy and variable temperature X-ray measurements. These salts were also found to be highly thermally stable with decomposition temperatures occurring well above 300 °C, and up to 367 °C for the triflimide salts, as determined by thermogravimetric analysis. UV–Vis absorption and photoluminescent properties were examined in both solution and in the …

High Sensitivity Multi-Axes Rotation Sensing Using Large Momentum Transfer Point Source Atom Interferometry, Jinyang Li, Gregório R. M. Da Silva, Wayne Cheng-Wei Huang, Mohamed Fouda, Jason Bonacum, Timothy L. Kovachy, Selim M. Shahriar

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

A point source interferometer (PSI) is a device where atoms are split and recombined by applying a temporal sequence of Raman pulses during the expansion of a cloud of cold atoms behaving approximately as a point source. The PSI can work as a sensitive multi-axes gyroscope that can automatically filter out the signal from accelerations. The phase shift arising from the rotations is proportional to the momentum transferred to each atom from the Raman pulses. Therefore, by increasing the momentum transfer, it should be possible to enhance the sensitivity of the PSI. Here, we investigate the degree of enhancement in …

Fabrication Of Specialized Scintillators For Nuclear Security Applications, Cordell James Delzer

Doctoral Dissertations

Radiation detectors are important for a variety of fields including medical imaging, oil drilling, and nuclear security. Within nuclear security, they can serve a multitude of purposes whether that be imaging, localization, isotopic identification, or even just activity measurement. Even without directly seeing a nuclear material it is often able to notice their existence without a detector. Scintillators make up an important part of these detectors due to their large intrinsic efficiency, low cost, large volume, and relatively low upkeep. Due to the importance of the large number of purposes these scintillators may be used for, it can often be …

A Combined Theoretical And Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study Of Al3hn- (N=1-9) Clusters, Jing Xu, Xinxing Zhang, Haopeng Wang, Lijuan Fu, Xiang Li, Andrej Grubisic, Rachel M. Harris, Bryan Eichhorn, Gerd Gantefoer, Yihong Ding, Boggavarapu Kiran, Anil K. Kandalam, Kit H. Bowen

Physics & Engineering Faculty Publications

Combined photoelectron spectroscopic experiments and computational studies have been performed on Al3Hn- (n=1-9) clusters. Three modes of hydrogen bonding to the Al-3 moiety have been observed: terminal, bridging, and capping. Among various hydrides, Al3H5- and Al3H8- clusters have highest HOMO-LUMO gap and largest electron affinity, respectively. Our studies indicate that as the number of hydrogen atoms increase the presence of AlH2 groups, representing the tetrahedral coordination of the Al atom, which in turn led to the stoichiometric ring structure.

Modeling Of Argon Bombardment And Densification Of Low Temperature Organic Precursors Using Reactive Md Simulations And Machine Learning, Kwabena Asante-Boahen

MSU Graduate Theses

In this study, an important aspect of the synthesis process for a-BxC:Hy was systematically modeled by utilizing the Reactive Molecular Dynamics (MD) in modeling the argon bombardment from the orthocarborane molecules as the precursor. The MD simulations are used to assess the dynamics associated with the free radicals that result from the ion bombardment. By applying the Data Mining/Machine Learning analysis into the datasets generated from the large reactive MD simulations, I was able to identify and quality the kinetics of these radicals. Overall, this approach allows for a better understanding of the overall mechanism at the atomistic level of …

Beam Formation And Vernier Steering Off Of A Rough Surface, Eric K. Nagamine, Kenneth W. Burgi, Samuel D. Butler

Faculty Publications

Wavefront shaping can refocus light after it reflects from an optically rough surface. One proposed use case of this effect is in indirect imaging; if any rough surface could be turned into an illumination source, objects out of the direct line of sight could be illuminated. In this paper, we demonstrate the superior performance of a genetic algorithm compared to other iterative feedback-based wavefront shaping algorithms in achieving reflective inverse diffusion for a focal plane system. Next, the ability to control the pointing direction of the refocused beam with high precision over a narrow angular range is demonstrated, though the …