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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Switchable Positioning Of Plate-Like Inclusions In Lipid Membranes: Elastically Mediated Interactions Of Planar Colloids In 2d Fluids, Hao Wu, Weiyue Xin, Gregory M. Grason, Maria M. Santore
Switchable Positioning Of Plate-Like Inclusions In Lipid Membranes: Elastically Mediated Interactions Of Planar Colloids In 2d Fluids, Hao Wu, Weiyue Xin, Gregory M. Grason, Maria M. Santore
Polymer Science and Engineering Department Faculty Publication Series
We demonstrate how manipulating curvature in an elastic fluid lamella enables the reversible relative positioning of flat, rigid, plate-like micrometer-scale inclusions, with spacings from about a micrometer to tens of micrometers. In an experimental model comprising giant unilamellar vesicles containing solid domain pairs coexisting in a fluid membrane, we adjusted vesicle inflation to manipulate membrane curvature and mapped the inter-domain separation. A two-dimensional model of the pair potential predicts the salient experimental observations and reveals both attractions and repulsions, producing a potential minimum entirely a result of the solid domain rigidity and bending energy in the fluid membrane. The impact …
Effective And Selective Dna Modification On Bacterial Membranes, Qian Tian, Yousef Bagheri, Puspam Keshri, Rigumula Wu, Kewei Ren, Qikun Yu, Mingxu You
Effective And Selective Dna Modification On Bacterial Membranes, Qian Tian, Yousef Bagheri, Puspam Keshri, Rigumula Wu, Kewei Ren, Qikun Yu, Mingxu You
Chemistry Department Faculty Publication Series
With highly precise self-assembly and programmability, DNA has been widely used as a versatile material in nanotechnology and synthetic biology. Recently, DNA-based nanostructures and devices have been engineered onto eukaryotic cell membranes for various exciting applications in the detection and regulation of cell functions. While in contrast, the potential of applying DNA nanotechnology for bacterial membrane studies is still largely underexplored, which is mainly due to the lack of tools to modify DNA on bacterial membranes. Herein, using lipid-DNA conjugates, we have developed a simple, fast, and highly efficient system to engineer bacterial membranes with designer DNA molecules. We have …
Egcg Binds Intrinsically Disordered N-Terminal Domain Of P53 And Disrupts P53-Mdm2 Interaction, Jianhen Chen, Jing Zhao, Alan Blayney, Xiaorong Liu, Lauren Gandy, Weihua Jin, Lufeng Yan, Jeung-Hoi Ha, Ashley J. Canning, Michael Connelly
Egcg Binds Intrinsically Disordered N-Terminal Domain Of P53 And Disrupts P53-Mdm2 Interaction, Jianhen Chen, Jing Zhao, Alan Blayney, Xiaorong Liu, Lauren Gandy, Weihua Jin, Lufeng Yan, Jeung-Hoi Ha, Ashley J. Canning, Michael Connelly
Chemistry Department Faculty Publication Series
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from green tea can induce apoptosis in cancerous cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using SPR and NMR, here we report a direct, mu M interaction between EGCG and the tumor suppressor p53 (K-D=1.61.4 mu M), with the disordered N-terminal domain (NTD) identified as the major binding site (K-D=4 +/- 2 mu M). Large scale atomistic simulations (>100 mu s), SAXS and AUC demonstrate that EGCG-NTD interaction is dynamic and EGCG causes the emergence of a subpopulation of compact bound conformations. The EGCG-p53 interaction disrupts p53 interaction with its regulatory E3 ligase MDM2 …
Fermi Blockade Of The Strong Electron-Phonon Interaction In Modelled Optimally Doped High Temperature Superconductors, Andrey S. Mishchenko, Igor S. Tupitsyn, Naoto Nagaosa, Nikolay Prokof'ev
Fermi Blockade Of The Strong Electron-Phonon Interaction In Modelled Optimally Doped High Temperature Superconductors, Andrey S. Mishchenko, Igor S. Tupitsyn, Naoto Nagaosa, Nikolay Prokof'ev
Physics Department Faculty Publication Series
We study how manifestations of strong electron-phonon interaction depend on the carrier concentration by solving the two-dimensional Holstein model for the spin-polarized fermions using an approximation free bold-line diagrammatic Monte Carlo method. We show that the strong electron-phonon interaction, obviously present at very small Fermion concentration, is masked by the Fermi blockade effects and Migdal's theorem to the extent that it manifests itself as moderate one at large carriers densities. Suppression of strong electron-phonon interaction fingerprints is in agreement with experimental observations in doped high temperature superconductors.
Airflows Inside Passenger Cars And Implications For Airborne Disease Transmission, Varghese Mathai, Asimanshu Das, Jeffery A. Bailey, Kenneth Breuer
Airflows Inside Passenger Cars And Implications For Airborne Disease Transmission, Varghese Mathai, Asimanshu Das, Jeffery A. Bailey, Kenneth Breuer
Physics Department Faculty Publication Series
Transmission of highly infectious respiratory diseases, including SARS-CoV-2, is facilitated by the transport of exhaled droplets and aerosols that can remain suspended in air for extended periods of time. A passenger car cabin represents one such situation with an elevated risk of pathogen transmission. Here, we present results from numerical simulations to assess how the in-cabin microclimate of a car can potentially spread pathogenic species between occupants for a variety of open and closed window configurations. We estimate relative concentrations and residence times of a noninteracting, passive scalar-a proxy for infectious particles-being advected and diffused by turbulent airflows inside the …
Unique Scales Preserve Self-Similar Integrate-And-Fire Functionality Of Neuronal Clusters, Anar Amgalan, Patrick Taylor, Lilianne R. Mujica-Parodi, Hava T. Siegelmann
Unique Scales Preserve Self-Similar Integrate-And-Fire Functionality Of Neuronal Clusters, Anar Amgalan, Patrick Taylor, Lilianne R. Mujica-Parodi, Hava T. Siegelmann
Computer Science Department Faculty Publication Series
Brains demonstrate varying spatial scales of nested hierarchical clustering. Identifying the brain's neuronal cluster size to be presented as nodes in a network computation is critical to both neuroscience and artificial intelligence, as these define the cognitive blocks capable of building intelligent computation. Experiments support various forms and sizes of neural clustering, from handfuls of dendrites to thousands of neurons, and hint at their behavior. Here, we use computational simulations with a brain-derived fMRI network to show that not only do brain networks remain structurally self-similar across scales but also neuron-like signal integration functionality (integrate and fire) is preserved at …
Demonstration Of The Effect Of Stirring On Nucleation From Experiments On The International Space Station Using The Iss-Eml Facility, A. K. Gangopadhyay, M. E. Sellers, G. P. Bracker, D. Holland-Moritz, D. C. Van Hoesen, S. Koch, P. K. Galenko, A. K. Pauls, R. W. Hyers
Demonstration Of The Effect Of Stirring On Nucleation From Experiments On The International Space Station Using The Iss-Eml Facility, A. K. Gangopadhyay, M. E. Sellers, G. P. Bracker, D. Holland-Moritz, D. C. Van Hoesen, S. Koch, P. K. Galenko, A. K. Pauls, R. W. Hyers
Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Faculty Publication Series
The effect of fluid flow on crystal nucleation in supercooled liquids is not well understood. The variable density and temperature gradients in the liquid make it difficult to study this under terrestrial gravity conditions. Nucleation experiments were therefore made in a microgravity environment using the Electromagnetic Levitation Facility on the International Space Station on a bulk glass-forming Zr57Cu15.4Ni12.6Al10Nb5 (Vit106), as well as Cu50Zr50 and the quasicrystal-forming Ti39.5Zr39.5Ni21 liquids. The maximum supercooling temperatures for each alloy were measured as a function of controlled stirring by applying various combinations of radio-frequency positioner and heater voltages to the water-cooled copper coils. The flow …
Immune Classification Of Osteosarcoma, Trang Le, Sumeyye Su, Leili Shahriyari
Immune Classification Of Osteosarcoma, Trang Le, Sumeyye Su, Leili Shahriyari
Mathematics and Statistics Department Faculty Publication Series
Tumor immune microenvironment has been shown to be important in predicting the tumor progression and the outcome of treatments. This work aims to identify different immune patterns in osteosarcoma and their clinical characteristics. We use the latest and best performing deconvolution method, CIBERSORTx, to obtain the relative abundance of 22 immune cells. Then we cluster patients based on their estimated immune abundance and study the characteristics of these clusters, along with the relationship between immune infiltration and outcome of patients. We find that abundance of CD8 T cells, NK cells and M1 Macrophages have a positive association with prognosis, while …
What Will It Take To Make Solar Panels Cool?, Luke Fateiger, Cameron A. Lane, M. Donald Rollings, Cameron J. Smith-Freedman
What Will It Take To Make Solar Panels Cool?, Luke Fateiger, Cameron A. Lane, M. Donald Rollings, Cameron J. Smith-Freedman
Student Showcase
With the predicted results of climate change looming, humanity must do all it can to limit greenhouse gas emissions. Maintaining a habitable environment along with the high quality of living associated with developed nations requires investment in renewable energy. Because national governments often fail to make responsible decisions for their country's future, this burden falls to institutions like UMass Amherst. Although costly investments like solar panels substantially improve the sustainability of campus, some innovative improvements of existing solar energy infrastructure can go a long way. For example, when solar panels heat up they lose photovoltaic efficiency. We propose that UMass …
A Paleoclimate Modeling Experiment To Calculate The Soil Carbon Respiration Flux For The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, David M. Tracy
A Paleoclimate Modeling Experiment To Calculate The Soil Carbon Respiration Flux For The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, David M. Tracy
Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014
The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) (55 million years ago) stands as the largest in a series of extreme warming (hyperthermal) climatic events, which are analogous to the modern day increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. Orbitally triggered (Lourens et al., 2005, Galeotti et al., 2010), the PETM is marked by a large (-3‰) carbon isotope excursion (CIE). Hypothesized to be methane driven, Zeebe et al., (2009) noted that a methane based release would only account for 3.5°C of warming. An isotopically heavier carbon, such as that of soil and C3 plants, has the potential to account for the …