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Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

University of Vermont

2021

Articles 1 - 8 of 8

Full-Text Articles in Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

A Multiscale Framework For Disentangling The Roles Of Evenness, Density, And Aggregation On Diversity Gradients, Daniel J. Mcglinn, Thore Engel, Shane A. Blowes, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Tiffany M. Knight, Brian J. Mcgill, Nathan J. Sanders, Jonathan M. Chase Feb 2021

A Multiscale Framework For Disentangling The Roles Of Evenness, Density, And Aggregation On Diversity Gradients, Daniel J. Mcglinn, Thore Engel, Shane A. Blowes, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Tiffany M. Knight, Brian J. Mcgill, Nathan J. Sanders, Jonathan M. Chase

College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications

Ecology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Ecological Society of America Disentangling the drivers of diversity gradients can be challenging. The Measurement of Biodiversity (MoB) framework decomposes scale-dependent changes in species diversity into three components of community structure: species abundance distribution (SAD), total community abundance, and within-species spatial aggregation. Here we extend MoB from categorical treatment comparisons to quantify variation along continuous geographic or environmental gradients. Our approach requires sites along a gradient, each consisting of georeferenced plots of abundance-based species composition data. We demonstrate our method using a case study of ants sampled along an elevational gradient …

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Investigating Biotic Interactions In Deep Time, Danielle Fraser, Laura C. Soul, Anikó B. Tóth, Meghan A. Balk, Jussi T. Eronen, Silvia Pineda-Munoz, Alexandria B. Shupinski, Amelia Villaseñor, W. Andrew Barr, Anna K. Behrensmeyer, Andrew Du, J. Tyler Faith, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Gary R. Graves, Advait M. Jukar, Cindy V. Looy, Joshua H. Miller, Richard Potts, S. Kathleen Lyons Jan 2021

Investigating Biotic Interactions In Deep Time, Danielle Fraser, Laura C. Soul, Anikó B. Tóth, Meghan A. Balk, Jussi T. Eronen, Silvia Pineda-Munoz, Alexandria B. Shupinski, Amelia Villaseñor, W. Andrew Barr, Anna K. Behrensmeyer, Andrew Du, J. Tyler Faith, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Gary R. Graves, Advait M. Jukar, Cindy V. Looy, Joshua H. Miller, Richard Potts, S. Kathleen Lyons

College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications

Recent renewed interest in using fossil data to understand how biotic interactions have shaped the evolution of life is challenging the widely held assumption that long-term climate changes are the primary drivers of biodiversity change. New approaches go beyond traditional richness and co-occurrence studies to explicitly model biotic interactions using data on fossil and modern biodiversity. Important developments in three primary areas of research include analysis of (i) macroevolutionary rates, (ii) the impacts of and recovery from extinction events, and (iii) how humans (Homo sapiens) affected interactions among non-human species. We present multiple lines of evidence for an important and …

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Body Mass-Related Changes In Mammal Community Assembly Patterns During The Late Quaternary Of North America, Silvia Pineda-Munoz, Advait M. Jukar, Anikó B. Tóth, Danielle Fraser, Andrew Du, W. Andrew Barr, Kathryn L. Amatangelo, Meghan A. Balk, Anna K. Behrensmeyer, Jessica Blois, Matt Davis, Jussi T. Eronen, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Cindy Looy, Joshua H. Miller, Alexandria B. Shupinski, Laura C. Soul, Amelia Villaseñor, Scott Wing, S. Kathleen Lyons Jan 2021

Body Mass-Related Changes In Mammal Community Assembly Patterns During The Late Quaternary Of North America, Silvia Pineda-Munoz, Advait M. Jukar, Anikó B. Tóth, Danielle Fraser, Andrew Du, W. Andrew Barr, Kathryn L. Amatangelo, Meghan A. Balk, Anna K. Behrensmeyer, Jessica Blois, Matt Davis, Jussi T. Eronen, Nicholas J. Gotelli, Cindy Looy, Joshua H. Miller, Alexandria B. Shupinski, Laura C. Soul, Amelia Villaseñor, Scott Wing, S. Kathleen Lyons

College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications

Ecography published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic Society Oikos The late Quaternary of North America was marked by prominent ecological changes, including the end-Pleistocene megafaunal extinction, the spread of human settlements and the rise of agriculture. Here we examine the mechanistic reasons for temporal changes in mammal species association and body size during this time period. Building upon the co-occurrence results from Lyons et al. (2016) – wherein each species pair was classified as spatially aggregated, segregated or random – we examined body mass differences (BMD) between each species pair for each association type and …

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Awareness Of Climate Change’S Impacts And Motivation To Adapt Are Not Enough To Drive Action: A Look Of Puerto Rican Farmers After Hurricane Maria, Luis Alexis Rodríguez-Cruz, Meredith T. Niles Jan 2021

Awareness Of Climate Change’S Impacts And Motivation To Adapt Are Not Enough To Drive Action: A Look Of Puerto Rican Farmers After Hurricane Maria, Luis Alexis Rodríguez-Cruz, Meredith T. Niles

College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty Publications

Understanding how perceptions around motivation, capacity, and climate change’s impacts relate to the adoption of adaptation practices in light of experiences with extreme weather events is important in assessing farmers’ adaptive capacity. However, very little of this work has occurred in islands, which may have different vulnerabilities and capacities for adaptation. Data of surveyed farmers throughout Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria (n = 405, 87% response rate) were used in a structural equation model to explore the extent to which their adoption of agricultural practices and management strategies was driven by perceptions of motivation, vulnerability, and capacity as a function …

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Climate Impacts Associated With Reduced Diet Diversity In Children Across Nineteen Countries, Meredith T. Niles, Benjamin F. Emery, Serge Wiltshire, Molly E. Brown, Brendan Fisher, Taylor H. Ricketts Jan 2021

Climate Impacts Associated With Reduced Diet Diversity In Children Across Nineteen Countries, Meredith T. Niles, Benjamin F. Emery, Serge Wiltshire, Molly E. Brown, Brendan Fisher, Taylor H. Ricketts

College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty Publications

It is widely anticipated that climate change will negatively affect both food security and diet diversity. Diet diversity is especially critical for children as it correlates with macro and micronutrient intake important for child development. Despite these anticipated links, little empirical evidence has demonstrated a relationship between diet diversity and climate change, especially across large datasets spanning multiple global regions and with more recent climate data. Here we use survey data from 19 countries and more than 107 000 children, coupled with 30 years of precipitation and temperature data, to explore the relationship of climate to child diet diversity while …

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Coastal Resilience At The Nexus Of Food, Energy, And Water: An Interdisciplinary Perspective For Resilience Planning, Kristin Raub Jan 2021

Coastal Resilience At The Nexus Of Food, Energy, And Water: An Interdisciplinary Perspective For Resilience Planning, Kristin Raub

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Global climate change poses increased threats to coastal communities. The resilience of coastal communities relies on the protection and continued availability of essential services such as food, energy, and water (FEW) systems. However, the intersection of FEW nexus research and coastal resilience planning has not been well explored. This dissertation seeks to further the goal of operationalizing resilience planning by examining the usefulness of resilience tools and toolkits that have been developed in recent years and exploring how the FEW nexus approach has been applied to coastal resilience planning in both academic and grey literature. The first chapter provides the …

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Shaping Soil: Examining Relationships Between Agriculture And Climate Change, Lindsay Barbieri Jan 2021

Shaping Soil: Examining Relationships Between Agriculture And Climate Change, Lindsay Barbieri

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

As the ripple-effects of a changing climate shape our planet, understanding relationships between agriculture and climate change is critical. With agricultural practices shaping soils on over a third of the earth’s land surface, the soils and lands where food is produced are integral grounds for examining these relationships. While not all humans practice agriculture in similar or damaging ways, nevertheless, dominant agricultural practices are displacing beings and ecosystems and perturbing global nutrient cycles across the planet. These entwined imbalances of dominance and nutrients result in flows of excess nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon that are responsible for nearly three-fourths of the …

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Investigating The Phase Of Green Leaf Volatile Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol Using An Electrical Low Pressure Impactor, Kevin Fischer Jan 2021

Investigating The Phase Of Green Leaf Volatile Derived Secondary Organic Aerosol Using An Electrical Low Pressure Impactor, Kevin Fischer

Graduate College Dissertations and Theses

Airborne particulate matter consists of small particles suspended in the air and is a ubiquitous component of the Earth’s atmosphere. These particles, known as aerosols, broadly affect both human health and the global climate. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a subset of atmospheric aerosol, are produced by the gas phase oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) originating from anthropogenic and biogenic sources. Of particular interest are a sub class of biogenic VOCs released by stressed plants, green leaf volatiles (GLVs), which are susceptible to oxidation via ozonolysis and form SOA. While important strides have been made in better understanding SOA, many …

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