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Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons™
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- Physical Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (12)
- Biological Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (8)
- CCRM Peer Reviewed Articles (4)
- Oil spill (2)
- Oil-particle aggregates (2)
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- Adaptive management; Coastal resilience; Computer modeling; Cyber network; Human health; Land loss; Low elevation coastal zones; Sea level rise; Social sciences (1)
- Biological pump (1)
- Carbon cycle (1)
- Chesapeake Bay; estuaries; MODIS-Aqua; remote sensing oceanography; remote sensing reflectance; water clarity (1)
- Chesapeake Bay; climate change; water temperature; environmental models (1)
- CoSiNE (1)
- Deepwater Horizon (1)
- Export pathways (1)
- Flocculation (1)
- Fractal dimension (1)
- Gulf of Mexico modeling (1)
- Light availability (1)
- NASA field campaign (1)
- NPP fates (1)
- Numerical modeling (1)
- Oil biodegradation (1)
- Oil plume modeling (1)
- Oil transport and fate (1)
- Oil weathering process (1)
- Organic carbon export (1)
- Phytoplankton growth (1)
- SCHSIM (1)
- SPM (1)
- Sediment transport model (1)
- Tlantic Ocean; Bay of Fundy; Canada; Grand Manan Island; Gulf of Maine (1)
Articles 1 - 22 of 22
Full-Text Articles in Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology
Extent And Causes Of Chesapeake Bay Warming, Kyle E. Hinson, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Pierre St-Laurent, Fei Da, Raymond G. Najjar
Extent And Causes Of Chesapeake Bay Warming, Kyle E. Hinson, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Pierre St-Laurent, Fei Da, Raymond G. Najjar
VIMS Articles
Coastal environments such as the Chesapeake Bay have long been impacted by eutrophication stressors resulting from human activities, and these impacts are now being compounded by global warming trends. However, there are few studies documenting long-term estuarine temperature change and the relative contributions of rivers, the atmosphere, and the ocean. In this study, Chesapeake Bay warming, since 1985, is quantified using a combination of cruise observations and model outputs, and the relative contributions to that warming are estimated via numerical sensitivity experiments with a watershed–estuarine modeling system. Throughout the Bay’s main stem, similar warming rates are found at the surface …
Light Regulation Of Phytoplankton Growth In San Francisco Bay Studied Using A 3d Sediment Transport Model, Zhengui Wang, Fei Chai, (...), Yinglong J. Zhang, Et Al
Light Regulation Of Phytoplankton Growth In San Francisco Bay Studied Using A 3d Sediment Transport Model, Zhengui Wang, Fei Chai, (...), Yinglong J. Zhang, Et Al
VIMS Articles
In San Francisco Bay (SFB), light availability is largely determined by the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the water column. SPM exhibits substantial variation with time, depth, and location. To study how SPM influences light and phytoplankton growth, we coupled a sediment transport model with a hydrodynamic model and a biogeochemical model. The coupled models were used to simulate conditions for the year of 2011 with a focus on northern SFB. For comparison, two simulations were conducted with ecosystem processes driven by SPM concentrations supplied by the sediment transport model and by applying a constant SPM concentration of …
Nonlinearity Of Subtidal Estuarine Circulation In The Pearl River Estuary, China, Hongzhou Xu, Jian Shen, Dongxiao Wang, Lin Luo, Bo Hong
Nonlinearity Of Subtidal Estuarine Circulation In The Pearl River Estuary, China, Hongzhou Xu, Jian Shen, Dongxiao Wang, Lin Luo, Bo Hong
VIMS Articles
The Pearl River Estuary (PRE) is a bell-shaped estuary with a narrow deep channel and wide shoals. This unique topographic feature leads to different dynamics of the subtidal estuarine circulation (SEC) in the PRE compared with a narrow and straight estuary. In this study, the nonlinear dynamics of the SEC in the PRE under mean circumstance are analyzed by using a validated 3D numerical model. Model results show that the nonlinear advections reach leading order in the along-channel momentum balance. Modulated by tide, the nonlinear advections show significant temporal variations as they have much larger values during spring tide than …
Impacts Of Multiple Environmental Changes On Long- Term Nitrogen Loading From The Chesapeake Bay Watershed, Shufen Pan, Zihao Bian, (...), Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Et Al
Impacts Of Multiple Environmental Changes On Long- Term Nitrogen Loading From The Chesapeake Bay Watershed, Shufen Pan, Zihao Bian, (...), Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Excessive nitrogen can enter estuarine and coastal areas from land, disturbing coastal ecosystems and causing serious environmental problems. The Chesapeake Bay is one of the regions that have experienced hypoxia and harmful algal blooms in recent decades. This study estimated nitrogen export from the Chesapeake Bay watershed (CBW) to the estuary from 1900 to 2015 by applying a state-of-the-art numerical model. Nitrogen loading from the CBW continually increased from the 1900s to the 1990s and has declined since then. The key contributors to nitrogen export have shifted from atmospheric nitrogen deposition (before the 1960s) to synthetic nitrogen fertilizer (after the …
Formation Of Oil-Particle-Aggregates: Numerical Model Formulation And Calibration, Linlin Cui, Courtney K. Harris, Danielle R.N. Tarpley
Formation Of Oil-Particle-Aggregates: Numerical Model Formulation And Calibration, Linlin Cui, Courtney K. Harris, Danielle R.N. Tarpley
VIMS Articles
When oil spills occur in turbid waters, the oil droplets and mineral grains can combine to form oil-particle aggregates (OPAs). The formation of OPAs impacts the vertical transport of both the oil and the mineral grains; especially increasing deposition of oil to the seabed. Though the coastal oceans can be very turbid, to date, few numerical ocean models have accounted for aggregation processes that form OPAs. However, interactions between oil and mineral aggregates may be represented using techniques developed to account for sediment aggregation. As part of Consortium for Simulation of Oil Microbial Interactions in the Ocean (CSOMIO), we modified …
Development Of The Csomio Coupled Ocean-Oil-Sediment- Biology Model, Dmitry S. Dukhovskoy, Steven L. . Morey, (...), Courtney K. Harris, Et Al
Development Of The Csomio Coupled Ocean-Oil-Sediment- Biology Model, Dmitry S. Dukhovskoy, Steven L. . Morey, (...), Courtney K. Harris, Et Al
VIMS Articles
The fate and dispersal of oil in the ocean is dependent upon ocean dynamics, as well as transformations resulting from the interaction with the microbial community and suspended particles. These interaction processes are parameterized in many models limiting their ability to accurately simulate the fate and dispersal of oil for subsurface oil spill events. This paper presents a coupled ocean-oil-biology-sediment modeling system developed by the Consortium for Simulation of Oil-Microbial Interactions in the Ocean (CSOMIO) project. A key objective of the CSOMIO project was to develop and evaluate a modeling framework for simulating oil in the marine environment, including its …
A Regional, Early Spring Bloom Of Phaeocystis Pouchetii On The New England Continental Shelf, Walker O. Smith Jr., Weifeng G. Zhang, Andrew Hirzel, Et Al
A Regional, Early Spring Bloom Of Phaeocystis Pouchetii On The New England Continental Shelf, Walker O. Smith Jr., Weifeng G. Zhang, Andrew Hirzel, Et Al
VIMS Articles
The genus Phaeocystis is distributed globally and has considerable ecological, biogeochemical, and societal impacts. Understanding its distribution, growth and ecological impacts has been limited by lack of extensive observations on appropriate scales. In 2018, we investigated the biological dynamics of the New England continental shelf and encountered a substantial bloom of Phaeocystis pouchetii. Based on satellite imagery during January through April, the bloom extended over broad expanses of the shelf; furthermore, our observations demonstrated that it reached high biomass levels, with maximum chlorophyll concentrations exceeding 16 μg L−1 and particulate organic carbon levels > 95 μmol L−1. Initially, the bloom was …
Effects Of Reduced Shoreline Erosion On Chesapeake Bay Water Clarity, Jessica S. Turner, Pierre St-Laurent, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Carl T. Friedrichs
Effects Of Reduced Shoreline Erosion On Chesapeake Bay Water Clarity, Jessica S. Turner, Pierre St-Laurent, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Carl T. Friedrichs
VIMS Articles
Shoreline erosion supplies sediments to estuaries and coastal waters, influencing water clarity and primary production. Globally, shoreline erosion sediment inputs are changing with anthropogenic alteration of coastlines in populated regions. Chesapeake Bay, a prime example of such a system where shoreline erosion accounts for a large proportion of sediments entering the estuary, serves here as a case study for investigating the effects of changing sediment inputs on water clarity. Long-term increases in shoreline armoring have contributed to decreased erosional sediment inputs to the estuary, changing the composition of suspended particles in surface waters. This study examined the impact of shoreline …
Diatom Hotspots Driven By Western Boundary Current Instability, Hilde Oliver, Weifeng G. Zhang, Walker O. Smith Jr., Et Al
Diatom Hotspots Driven By Western Boundary Current Instability, Hilde Oliver, Weifeng G. Zhang, Walker O. Smith Jr., Et Al
VIMS Articles
Climatic changes have decreased the stability of the Gulf Stream (GS), increasing the frequency at which its meanders interact with the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) continental shelf and slope region. These intrusions are thought to suppress biological productivity by transporting low-nutrient water to the otherwise productive shelf edge region. Here we present evidence of widespread, anomalously intense subsurface diatom hotspots in the MAB slope sea that likely resulted from a GS intrusion in July 2019. The hotspots (at ∼50 m) were associated with water mass properties characteristic of GS water (∼100 m); it is probable that the hotspots resulted from the …
Estuaries As Filters For Riverine Microplastics: Simulations In A Large, Coastal-Plain Estuary, Alexander G. Lopez, Raymond G. Najjar, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Michael A. Hickner, Denice H. Wardrop
Estuaries As Filters For Riverine Microplastics: Simulations In A Large, Coastal-Plain Estuary, Alexander G. Lopez, Raymond G. Najjar, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Michael A. Hickner, Denice H. Wardrop
VIMS Articles
Public awareness of microplastics and their widespread presence throughout most bodies of water are increasingly documented. The accumulation of microplastics in the ocean, however, appears to be far less than their riverine inputs, suggesting that there is a “missing sink” of plastics in the ocean. Estuaries have long been recognized as filters for riverine material in marine biogeochemical budgets. Here we use a model of estuarine microplastic transport to test the hypothesis that the Chesapeake Bay, a large coastal-plain estuary in eastern North America, is a potentially large filter, or “sink,” of riverine microplastics. The 1-year composite simulation, which tracks …
Anticipating And Adapting To The Future Impacts Of Climate Change On The Health, Security And Welfare Of Low Elevation Coastal Zone (Lecz) Communities In Southeastern Usa, T. Allen, J. Behr, (...), Jon Derek Loftis, Molly Mitchell, Karinna Nunez, Et Al
Anticipating And Adapting To The Future Impacts Of Climate Change On The Health, Security And Welfare Of Low Elevation Coastal Zone (Lecz) Communities In Southeastern Usa, T. Allen, J. Behr, (...), Jon Derek Loftis, Molly Mitchell, Karinna Nunez, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Low elevation coastal zones (LECZ) are extensive throughout the southeastern United States. LECZ communities are threatened by inundation from sea level rise, storm surge, wetland degradation, land subsidence, and hydrological flooding. Communication among scientists, stake-holders, policy makers and minority and poor residents must improve. We must predict processes spanning the ecological, physical, social, and health sciences. Communities need to address linkages of (1) human and socioeconomic vulnerabilities; (2) public health and safety; (3) economic concerns; (4) land loss; (5) wetland threats; and (6) coastal inundation. Essential capabilities must include a network to assemble and distribute data and model code to …
Long-Term Trends In Chesapeake Bay Remote Sensing Reflectance: Implications For Water Clarity, Jessica S. Turner, Carl T. Friedrichs, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs
Long-Term Trends In Chesapeake Bay Remote Sensing Reflectance: Implications For Water Clarity, Jessica S. Turner, Carl T. Friedrichs, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs
VIMS Articles
While ecosystem health is improving in many estuaries worldwide following nutrient reductions, inconsistent trends in water clarity often remain. The Chesapeake Bay, a eutrophic estuary with a highly populated watershed, is a crucial testbed for these concerns. Improved efforts are needed to understand why some measurements of downstream estuarine water clarity appear to be uncorrelated with watershed management actions, and multiple metrics of clarity are needed to address this issue. To complement in situ measurements, satellite remote sensing provides an additional tool with which to assess long-term change in water clarity. In this study, remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) from the …
Mechanisms Driving Decadal Changes In The Carbonate System Of A Coastal Plain Estuary, Fei Da, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Pierre St-Laurent, Elizabeth Shadwick, Raymond G. Najjaar, Kyle E. Hinson
Mechanisms Driving Decadal Changes In The Carbonate System Of A Coastal Plain Estuary, Fei Da, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Pierre St-Laurent, Elizabeth Shadwick, Raymond G. Najjaar, Kyle E. Hinson
VIMS Articles
Understanding decadal changes in the coastal carbonate system is essential for predicting how the health of these waters responds to anthropogenic drivers, such as changing atmospheric conditions and riverine inputs. However, studies that quantify the relative impacts of these drivers are lacking. In this study, the primary drivers of decadal trends in the surface carbonate system, and the spatiotemporal variability in these trends, are identified for a large coastal plain estuary: the Chesapeake Bay. Experiments using a coupled three-dimensional hydrodynamic-biogeochemical model highlight that, over the past three decades, the changes in the surface carbonate system of Chesapeake Bay have strong …
Sea Ice Suppression Of Co2 Outgassing In The West Antarctic Peninsula: Implications For The Evolving Southern Ocean Carbon Sink, E.H. Shadwick, O.A. De Meo, S. Schroeter, M.C. Arroyo, D.G. Martinson, H. Ducklow
Sea Ice Suppression Of Co2 Outgassing In The West Antarctic Peninsula: Implications For The Evolving Southern Ocean Carbon Sink, E.H. Shadwick, O.A. De Meo, S. Schroeter, M.C. Arroyo, D.G. Martinson, H. Ducklow
VIMS Articles
The Southern Ocean plays an important role in the uptake of atmospheric CO2. In seasonally ice-covered regions, estimates of air-sea exchange remain uncertain in part because of a lack of observations outside the summer season. Here we present new estimates of air-sea CO2 flux in the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) from an autonomous mooring on the continental shelf. In summer, the WAP is a sink for atmospheric CO2 followed by a slow return to atmospheric equilibrium in autumn and winter. Outgassing is almost entirely suppressed by ice cover from June through October, resulting in a modest …
Sea-Ice Microbial Communities In The Central Arctic Ocean: Limited Responses To Short-Term Pco(2) Perturbations, Anders Torstensson, Andrew R. Margolin, Gordon M. Showalter, Walker O. Smith Jr., Elizabeth H. Shadwick, Et Al
Sea-Ice Microbial Communities In The Central Arctic Ocean: Limited Responses To Short-Term Pco(2) Perturbations, Anders Torstensson, Andrew R. Margolin, Gordon M. Showalter, Walker O. Smith Jr., Elizabeth H. Shadwick, Et Al
VIMS Articles
The Arctic Ocean is more susceptible to ocean acidification than other marine environments due to its weaker buffering capacity, while its cold surface water with relatively low salinity promotes atmospheric CO 2 uptake. We studied how sea-ice microbial communities in the central Arctic Ocean may be affected by changes in the carbonate system expected as a consequence of ocean acidification. In a series of four experiments during late summer 2018 aboard the icebreaker Oden, we addressed microbial growth, production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and extra- cellular polymeric substances (EPS), photosynthetic activity, and bacterial assemblage structure as sea-ice microbial communities …
The Importance Of Organic Content To Fractal Floc Properties In Estuarine Surface Waters: Insights From Video, Lisst, And Pump Sampling, Kelsey A. Fall, Carl T. Friedrichs, Grace M. Massey, David G. Bowers, S. Jarrell Smith
The Importance Of Organic Content To Fractal Floc Properties In Estuarine Surface Waters: Insights From Video, Lisst, And Pump Sampling, Kelsey A. Fall, Carl T. Friedrichs, Grace M. Massey, David G. Bowers, S. Jarrell Smith
VIMS Articles
To better understand the nature of flocs of varying organic content in estuarine surface waters, Laser in situ Scattering and Transmissometry, video settling, and pump sampling were deployed in the York River estuary. A new in situ method was developed to simultaneously solve the floc fractal dimension (F), primary particle size (d p ), and primary particle density (ρ p ) by fitting a simple fractal model to observations of effective floc density (∆ρ) as a function of floc diameter (d f ), while ensuring that the integrated particle size distribution was consistent with measurements of bulk apparent density (ρ …
Particulate Organic Matter Distributions In The Water Column Of The Chukchi Sea During Late Summer, Miguel A. Goni, Lauren W. Juranek, Rachel E. Sipler, Kylie A. Welch
Particulate Organic Matter Distributions In The Water Column Of The Chukchi Sea During Late Summer, Miguel A. Goni, Lauren W. Juranek, Rachel E. Sipler, Kylie A. Welch
VIMS Articles
We investigated the distribution and composition of particulate organic matter in waters from the northeast Chukchi Sea during two late summer periods (September 2016 and August 2017). During both cruises we measured a variety of properties (salinity, temperature, density, chlorophyll fluorescence and particle beam attenuation). We also collected individual water samples from specific depths and measured the concentrations of suspended particulate matter, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, chlorophyll-a and pheophytin (a chlorophyll degradation product). These measurements revealed highly stratified conditions throughout the study area, with surface waters exhibiting relatively low particle and biomass concentrations, middepth waters with well-defined subsurface chlorophyll …
Seasonal Variations And Driving Factors Of The Eastern Maine Coastal Current, Denghui Li, Zhengui Wang, Huijie Xue, Et Al
Seasonal Variations And Driving Factors Of The Eastern Maine Coastal Current, Denghui Li, Zhengui Wang, Huijie Xue, Et Al
VIMS Articles
To investigate the coastal current in the Gulf of Maine (GoME) and its relation to forcing from outside of the gulf, a high-resolution circulation model was developed and validated. Our model shows that the Eastern Maine Coastal Current (EMCC) possesses two cores, an offshore and a nearshore core that peak in summer and spring, respectively. The two cores can be traced back to outflows from the Bay of Fundy from opposite sides of Grand Manan Island, and both cores are deeper and slightly more onshore in summer and fall in response to tidal mixing, surface thermal stratification and wind. The …
Revisiting The Ocean Color Algorithms For Particulate Organic Carbon And Chlorophyll-A Concentrations In The Ross Sea, Shuangling Chen, Walker O. Smith Jr., Xiaolei Yu
Revisiting The Ocean Color Algorithms For Particulate Organic Carbon And Chlorophyll-A Concentrations In The Ross Sea, Shuangling Chen, Walker O. Smith Jr., Xiaolei Yu
VIMS Articles
The Ross Sea is the most productive marginal sea in the Southern Ocean and plays an important role in carbon cycling. However, limited sampling of Chlorophyll-a (Chl) and particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations from research expeditions constrains our understanding of the biogeochemical processes there. Satellites provide a useful tool for synoptic mapping of surface water properties on regional and global scales, yet the general applicability of the published algorithms in the Ross Sea is poorly known. Based on the data collected from 18 cruises in the past 20 years, we analyzed both the NASA standard and locally developed Chl and …
A Cross-Scale Study For Compound Flooding Processes During Hurricane Florence, Fei Ye, Wei Huang, Yinglong J. Zhang, Et Al
A Cross-Scale Study For Compound Flooding Processes During Hurricane Florence, Fei Ye, Wei Huang, Yinglong J. Zhang, Et Al
VIMS Articles
We study the compound flooding processes that occurred in Hurricane Florence (2018), which was accompanied by heavy precipitation, using a 3D creek-to-ocean hydrodynamic model. We examine the important role played by barrier islands in the observed compound surges in the coastal watershed. Locally very high resolution is used in some watershed areas in order to resolve small features that turn out to be critical for capturing the observed high watermarks locally. The wave effects are found to be significant near barrier islands and have contributed to some observed over-toppings and breaches. Results from sensitivity tests applying each of the three …
Exchange Flow And Material Transport Along The Salinity Gradient Of A Long Estuary, Jilian Xiong, Jian Shen, Qubin Qin
Exchange Flow And Material Transport Along The Salinity Gradient Of A Long Estuary, Jilian Xiong, Jian Shen, Qubin Qin
VIMS Articles
Most estuaries are characterized by non-uniform axial topography with shallow shoals near the mouth. Previous studies have addressed the impacts of the axial topographic variations on mixing and estuarine circulations yet seldom on material transport and retention. This study investigates the longitudinal structure and mechanisms of exchange flow and material transport of Chesapeake Bay (CB), featuring a shallow sill in the lower bay, by applying total exchange flow (TEF) algorithm, tracer experiments, and partial residence time (PRT) using a validated 32-years numerical model simulation. A retention coefficient was adopted to quantify the material retention rate using two characteristic PRTs: with …
An Operational Overview Of The Export Processes In The Ocean From Remote Sensing (Exports) Northeast Pacific Field Deployment, David A. Siegel, Ivona Cetinic, (...), Deborah K. Steinberg, Et Al
An Operational Overview Of The Export Processes In The Ocean From Remote Sensing (Exports) Northeast Pacific Field Deployment, David A. Siegel, Ivona Cetinic, (...), Deborah K. Steinberg, Et Al
VIMS Articles
The goal of the EXport Processes in the Ocean from RemoTe Sensing (EXPORTS) field campaign is to develop a predictive understanding of the export, fate, and carbon cycle impacts of global ocean net primary production. To accomplish this goal, observations of export flux pathways, plankton community composition, food web processes, and optical, physical, and biogeochemical (BGC) properties are needed over a range of ecosystem states. Here we introduce the first EXPORTS field deployment to Ocean Station Papa in the Northeast Pacific Ocean during summer of 2018, providing context for other papers in this special collection. The experiment was conducted with …