Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

Survival Of Trout Strains As Affected By Limnological Parameters, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Prior work at East Canyon Reservoir, Utah indicated that adult trout are important predators of stocked juvenile rainbow trout. Brown trout, in particular, were exclusively piscivorous when th~y exceeded 185 mm standard length. Fish became increasingly important in the diet of cutthroat trout greater than 330 mm. The purpose of this study was to further document the effect of adult trout on survival of juvenile rainbow trout in mid-elevation reservoirs. Causey Reservoir was chosen because it was thought to contain large brown and cutthroat trout and had not been intensively studied during the last eight years.

Virtually Interactive Large-Scale Model For Arkansas: User's Guide (Vilma), Rosalinda R. A. Cantiller, Richard C. Peralta

Technical Reports

This user’s guide supports the use of VILMA (Virtually Interactive Large-scale Model for Arkansas). This document presents the basic concepts in Chapter I. Chapter II discusses the execution steps that the user follows during a VILMA session. Chapter III provides a detailed illustration of example data files. Chapter IV presents two example VILMA sessions. Finally, Chapter V elaborates on additional concepts. The Appendices consist of relevant program listings, instructions, and example files. In this user’s guide, the word "interactive" means the user enters his responses to the prompts that appear on a computer terminal while he is logged on to …

Qualitative And Quantitative Aquatic Algal Data Compilation To Determine Macrotrends - Iv, Richard L. Meyer

Technical Reports

A data base of the algae of Arkansas ecoregions has been estabblished by the use of a relational data base management system (dBase III plus). The system was chosen to be readily available for a variety of microcomputers using MS- and PC-DOS. The data base contains taxonomic fields from division through variety, synonymy, authors, initial description, date, and definitive descriptive source. The data are cross-referenced by ecoregion, Round's community and subcommunity designations. The data base contains greater than 1,500 taxonomic records in all divisions and classes of freshwater algae. The data are sortable by any of the included parameters. The …

Development Of A Combined Quantity And Quality Model For Optimal Management Of Unsteady Groundwater Flow Fields, R. C. Peralta, J. Solaimanian, C. L. Griffis

Technical Reports

Presented are alternative techniques for including conservative solute transport within computer models for optimizing groundwater extraction rates. Unsteady two-dimensional flow and dispersed conservative solute transport are assumed. Comparisons are made of the practicality of including modified forms of implicit and explicit finite difference solute transport equations within optimization models. These equations can be calibrated and subsequently used within a MODCON procedure. The MODCON modelling procedure consists of an integrated series of five optimization or simulation modules. The procedure is applicable for either an entire aquifer system or for a subsystem of a larger system. The first module, A, computes physically …

Long-Term Reconstruction And Analysis Of White River Streamflow, M. K. Cleaveland, D. W. Stahle, J. G. Hehr

Technical Reports

A 281-year reconstruction of White River annual runoff at Clarendon, Arkansas, was developed from a regional average of nine Oklahoma, Missouri, and Arkansas tree-ring chronologies (six post oak, Quercus stellata, and three baldcypress, Taxodium distichum). Inhomogeneity of the gaged series was detected with both double mass analysis (using state average total annual Arkansas precipitation) and regression (using the regional tree-ring average). Simple regression calibrated the homogeneous runoff data with the average ring width data from 1930 to 1980. Comparing the reconstruction with independent data verified the regression model. Variance of the reconstruction increases significantly during the 20th century, a change …

Characterization Of The Aquatic Environment In Lake Mead Near The Proposed Spring Canyon Pumped-Storage Project, And Assessment Of Potential Aquatic Impacts, Charles R. Liston, Stephen J. Grabowski, Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

A pumped storage system consists of an upper reservoir and lower reservoir separated by an elevation difference. During low demand energy periods such as nights and weekends water is pumped from the lower to the upper reservoir using available energy from conventional steam electric power plants. During high energy demand periods, such as mornings and afternoons of weekdays, upper reservoir water is allowed to drop back down through the same system of water conduits and turbines, generating electricity to conveniently meet abrupt electrical energy requirements. The same water turbines thus act both as pumps and as conventional hydroelectric turbines.

Because …

Estimating Potential Ground And Surface Water Pollution From Land Application Of Poultry Litter - Ii, D. C. Wolf, J. T. Gilmour, P. M. Gale

Technical Reports

In Arkansas, approximately 1 Tg of poultry (Gallus gallus domesticus) manure and litter is produced annually. These waste products are commonly applied to pastures as a soil amendment or fertilizer, but excessive application rates and poor management practices could result in nutrient contamination of ground and surface water. The purpose of this study was to: (1) assess the nutrient concentrations in poultry manure and (2) evaluate the nitrogen loss from land-applied poultry litter and manure due to ammonia volatilization and denitrification. Analyses for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), inorganic nitrogen (Ni), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were compared in 12 wet …

Environmental Assessment Of Las Vegas Wash And Lake Mead Artificial Wetlands Demonstration Project, John R. Baker, R. M. Gersberg, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Publications (WR)

The effective use of artificial wetlands for treatment of municipal wastewater is well documented; however, design and economic data for artificial wetlands development are limited (Gersberg et al., 1984a). This is due partly to regional differences in climate, soils, and vegetation and partly to the desired waste treatment. As a result, specific treatment levels and cost benefits relative to the use of an artificial wetlands for a particular site cannot be evaluated adequately without a pilot demonstration project. Las Vegas Wash receives sewage effluent from the Las Vegas metropolitan area and has been designated as a wetlands community park. Las …

Extended Maritime Jurisdiction And Indonesian Fisheries Development, Hardjono

Theses and Major Papers

With the declaration of the Indonesian EEZ by Presidential Decree on 21 March 1980, Indonesia has acquired a vast area of approximately 5.8 million sq. km. of sea water and opportunity to manage and utilize fisheries resources in the new extended areas of jurisdiction. The EEZ is giving many more potential fishing resources and greater opportunities to exploit its available fishery resources with responsibilities to conserve the resources. By exercising a high degree of its authority within the EEZ, Indonesia can gain more benefits from the use of fishery resources than before the declaration. However, the benefits may not be …

The Impact Of Public Policy On Portland's Waterfront, John G. Ferland

Theses and Major Papers

In May, 1987, Portland voters approved by a 2-to-1 margin a referendum preventing non-marine development along its waterfront for at least five years. It has become clear that the vote was not just a Portland waterfront issue. To many, the vote was a statement of no confidence in growth regulations and unhappiness with the pace of development throughout the Greater Portland region. The vote illustrated that there is no consensus on Greater Portland's future. For Portland's waterfront, a lack of consensus is nothing new. Portland has debated waterfront policy in fits and starts for most of the 20th century. As …

An Analysis Of Offshore Safety During Oil And Gas Operations On The Outer Continental Shelf, James H. Collins

Theses and Major Papers

Trends in offshore fatalities and lost time accidents since the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act Amendments of 1978 need to be identified to allow an evaluation of the safety of offshore operations. Fatality and accident data between 1975 and 1985 are analyzed in the context of the Federal regulatory structure. The safety data generated for oil and gas drilling operations on the Outer Continental Shelf varies according to the source of the information. Modifications to accident reporting formats and data collection systems would benefit the offshore industry and the Government regulators in their efforts to improve operational safety. A major …

Enforcement Of State Coastal Resources Management Regulations: The Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council, David W. Kaiser

Theses and Major Papers

This paper examines the adequacy of the enforcement efforts of the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council (CRMC) in carrying out the rules and regulations of the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Program (CRMP). This analysis describes the Federal and State mandates and contributions to the enforcement of the Rhode Island CRMP, determines the legitimacy of the CRMC through Superior Court cases, examines CRMC enforcement activities, and determines the compliance to CRMC cease and desist orders. The research finds that the CRMC has not enforced its regulatory responsibilities well. Actual compliance to cease and desist orders was only 41%. It …

Dredging Management: A Comparative Analysis Of Mid-Sized U.S. North Atlantic Ports, Matthew H. Masters

Theses and Major Papers

Dredging management within the states of Rhode Island, Maine and Connecticut is examined through an analysis of the ports of Providence, Portland, and New Haven. These ports were selected from a field of 30 Atlantic Coast ports through a multivariate statistical analysis, based on similarities in size, function and geography. Each port's dredging history was compiled to illustrate the frequency and magnitude of dredging activity among the three states. Pertinent state laws, regulations and policies regarding dredging and dredged material disposal were reviewed in an attempt to identify similarities and differences. It was believed that differences among each state's regulatory …

The Relationship Between Perceptions Of Gentrification And Waterfront Revitalization Policies, Noreen Merainer

Theses and Major Papers

This thesis examines the waterfront revitalization experience in Jersey City, N.J. In particular, the issue of gentrification, as perceived by the city administration, was examined to determine its impact on current city policies. A direct relationship between perceptions of gentrification and waterfront revitalization policies is suggested based on data obtained from detailed interviews and city documents.

The Dynamic Balance Between Experts And The Public In The Assessment Of Hazards: Ocean Incineration - The U.S. Experience, Sally J. Spadaro

Theses and Major Papers

Understanding environmental threats posed as a byproduct of technology has become an important role for our federal governmental agencies. This study examined environmental hazard assessment in theory and in practice. Discussion established the unique nature of environmental hazard assessment as compared to financial or natural hazard assessment. This first section examined advantages and shortcomings of four methods to judge the tolerability of environmental hazards: Natural Baselines, Risk/Cost/Benefit Analysis, Revealed Preferences, and Expressed Preferences. The differences in perspectives between expert risk assessors and the lay public was highlighted. For the case of ocean incineration of hazardous wastes the dilemma faced by …

Limnological Monitoring Data For Lake Mead During 1987: Technical Report No. 20, Larry J. Paulson

Publications (WR)

Limnological monitoring was conducted in Las Vegas Bay and Boulder Basin from April to December of 1987. The purpose of the monitoring was to (i) document possible changes in water quality resulting from decreased phosphorus loading in Las Vegas Wash, and (ii) establish a data base for evaluating the adequacy of water quality standards.

River Discharge Study, Laughlin, Nevada: Colorado River Model And Diffusion Study, B. Dennis Hugh, David L. Stringfield, Jill C. Bicknell, Robert A. Ryder, Clark County Sanitation District, Nevada

Publications (WR)

A water quality modeling study of the Mohave Reach of the Lower Colorado River (from Davis Dam to the Nevada/California Stateline) was conducted to evaluate potential water quality impacts resulting from a proposed Laughlin, Nevada wastewater effluent discharge. The study included four major components: (1) review of the current regulatory framework; (2) a field data collection program to document existing water quality conditions in winter, summer, and fall; (3) development and verification of far-field and near-field (mixing zone) water quality models; and (4) application of the models to project future river quality conditions for several treatment-discharge alternatives as well as …

Changes In The Morphometry Of Las Vegas Wash And The Impact On Water Quality, Richard A. Roline, James J. Sartoris, U.S. Bureau Of Reclamation

Publications (WR)

Las Vegas Wash, a natural wash east of Las Vegas, Nevada, carries stormwater, groundwater drainage, and sewage effluent from two sewage treatment plants to Lake Mead. Over 80 percent of the normal discharge of approximately 3.4 m³/s (120 ft³/s) consists of effluent from the City of Las Vegas and Clark County sewage treatment plants. Beginning in the 1950s, a large wetland area developed along the wash that supported waterfowl populations and contributed to some water quality transformations. Heavy rains and subsequent flooding in the area in 1983 and 1984 resulted in erosion and channelization that greatly …

Fish Aid: The Lake Mead Fertilization Project, Richard Axler, Larry Paulson, Peter Vaux, Patrick Sollberger, Donald H. Baepler

Publications (WR)

Sport fishing at Lake Mead in Nevada and Arizona is a resource valued at nearly $100 million per year to southern Nevada. During the past two decades, salmonids, mostly trout, have disappeared entirely, the largemouth bass catch has drastically declined despite greater fishing pressure, and the condition factors for striped bass have steadily deteriorated. It appears that a major reduction in phosphorus loading caused by the upstream impoundment of the Colorado River to form Lake Powell in 1963 and advanced wastewater treatment removal of phosphorus from domestic wastewater inflows in 1981 are the principal factors responsible for decreased production at …

Climatic Change In Western Australia, M A. Frahmand, R A. Nulsen

Books & book chapters

The greenhouse effect is now an established scientific fact. Evidence published in the US and Australia in 1987 leaves little room for doubt. Carbon dioxide sent into the air whenever fossil fuels are burnt traps reflected heat from the Earth's surface - just as a greenhouse traps heat on a summer's day.

The uncertainties currently present in any prediction of future regional climate are very large. This paper presents a synopsis of current literature related to the future climate of Western Australia.

Improving Projected Potential Evapotranspiration Estimates Using National Weather Service Forecasts, Steven J. Meyer, Kenneth G. Hubbard, Donald A. Wilhite

Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

In a recent survey conducted by the University of Nebraska's Center for Agricultural Meteorology and Climatology of Agricultural Network (AGNET) users, the results of potential evapotranspiration (ET_p) projections (calculated using the Blaney-Criddle approach, which employs "normal" climatic data to project ET_p estimates up to three days into the future) were labeled "unrealistic." To improve these projections, National Weather Service (NWS) forecast variables were used as input into the Blaney-Criddle and Penman equations. ET_p projections calculated according to the Penman equation, with data measured by automated weather stations as input, were assumed to represent the "best" …

Cropstatus--A Computer Program To Assess The Effects Of Seasonal Weather Changes On Nebraska's Agriculture, R. E. Neild, Donald A. Wilhite, K. G. Hubbard

Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

CROPSTATUS is a series of programs residing in Nebraska's AGNET system using daily weather data to assess seasonal changes in crops, livestock, and other agricultural conditions. Assessments are based on parameters developed from accumulations of current daily temperature and precipitation data collected from a network of synoptic, climate, and automated micrometeorological stations in Nebraska in comparison with daily normals. The daily normals were derived from monthly summaries using multiple regression models to compute daily values as a function of Julian day numbers. Crop phenology models based on growing degree days were used to monitor and forecast the progress of different …

Drought Management: The Role Of Near- Real Time Weather Data, Donald A. Wilhite, Kenneth G. Hubbard

Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

The ability to collect weather data in near-real time has improved because of technological advances, enabling weather data users to obtain more weather data over wider areas, and in a more timely fashion. The number of near-real time climate networks is increasing as new applications are found for climate data. More than fifteen states in the United States have established automated weather station networks. This paper presents an overview of recent developments in automated weather data collection in the United States and gives a detailed description of the network in Nebraska.

Near-real time weather data has many applications in agricultural …

The Nebraska Agricultural Climate Situation Committee, R. E. Neild, K. G. Hubbard, Donald A. Wilhite

Drought Mitigation Center: Faculty Publications

The Nebraska Agricultural Climate Situation Committee consisting of an interdisciplinary group of extension specialists provides up-to-date information and advice on seasonal changes in crop/ weather conditions. The committee meets each Monday during the growing season to review:

1. Maps and tabular data developed by a computer program CIS /Crop Weather Information System/ that is linked to a network of weather stations and computer terminals in county agent offices.

2. Insect, plant disease and weed surveys.

3. Weekly weather and crop reports from the State/Federal System.

4. Weather outlooks from the National Weather Service.

5. Climate probabilities.

Situation reports and advisories …

An Assessment Of Tributyltin Contamination In Sediments And Shellfish In The Chesapeake Bay, Francois A. Espourteille

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Salinity On Cadmium Toxicity To The Bay Mysid, Mysidopsis Bahia Molenock, Peter F. De Lisle

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The effects of salinity on cadmium toxicity to the bay mysid, Mysidopsis bahia Molenock were studied in a series of experiments examining salinity tolerance, effect of salinity on intermolt period, osmoregulatory capacity, interaction of salinity with acute cadmium toxicity, role of changes in cadmium speciation, modification due to calcium antagonism and effects of cadmium on osmoregulatory ability. Upper and lower tolerance limits increased with increasing acclimation salinity. Intermolt duration decreased slightly with increasing salinity. Mysidopsis bahia osmoregulates at salinities from 5 to 37&\perthous& and exhibits an isosmotic point of 24&\perthous&. Hemolymph osmolality attained steady-state condition by 95 min post-transfer to …