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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Mathematics
Mod Planes: A New Dimension To Modulo Theory, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral
Mod Planes: A New Dimension To Modulo Theory, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this book for the first time authors study mod planes using modulo intervals [0, m); 2 ≤ m ≤ ∞. These planes unlike the real plane have only one quadrant so the study is carried out in a compact space but infinite in dimension. We have given seven mod planes viz real mod planes (mod real plane) finite complex mod plane, neutrosophic mod plane, fuzzy mod plane, (or mod fuzzy plane), mod dual number plane, mod special dual like number plane and mod special quasi dual number plane. These mod planes unlike real plane or complex plane or neutrosophic …
Special Type Of Topological Spaces Using [0, N), Florentin Smarandache, W.B Vasantha Kandasamy
Special Type Of Topological Spaces Using [0, N), Florentin Smarandache, W.B Vasantha Kandasamy
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this book authors for the first time introduce the notion of special type of topological spaces using the interval [0, n). They are very different from the usual topological spaces. Algebraic structure using the interval [0, n) have been systemically dealt by the authors. Now using those algebraic structures in this book authors introduce the notion of special type of topological spaces. Using the super subset interval semigroup special type of super interval topological spaces are built. Several interesting results in this direction are obtained. Next six types of topological spaces using subset interval pseudo ring semiring of type …
Mod Functions: A New Approach To Function Theory, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral
Mod Functions: A New Approach To Function Theory, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this book the notion of MOD functions are defined on MOD planes. This new concept of MOD functions behaves in a very different way. Even very simple functions like y = nx has several zeros in MOD planes where as they are nice single line graphs with only (0, 0) as the only zero. Further polynomials in MOD planes do not in general follows the usual or classical laws of differentiation or integration. Even finding roots of MOD polynomials happens to be very difficult as they do not follow the fundamental theorem of algebra, viz a nth degree polynomial …
(T, I, F)-Neutrosophic Structures, Florentin Smarandache
(T, I, F)-Neutrosophic Structures, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this paper we introduce for the first time a new type of structures, called (T, I, F)-Neutrosophic Structures, presented from a neutrosophic logic perspective, and we show particular cases of such structures in geometry and in algebra. In any field of knowledge, each structure is composed from two parts: a space, and a set of axioms (or laws) acting (governing) on it. If the space, or at least one of its axioms (laws), has some indeterminacy, that structure is a (T, I, F)-Neutrosophic Structure.
Infinite Quaternion Pseudo Rings Using [0, N), Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy
Infinite Quaternion Pseudo Rings Using [0, N), Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this book authors study the properties of finite real quaternion ring which was introduced in [2000]. Here a complete study of these finite quaternion rings are made. Also polynomial quaternion rings are defined, they happen to behave in a very different way. In the first place the fundamental theorem of algebra, “a nth degree polynomial has n and only n roots”, n is untrue in case of polynomial in polynomial quaternion rings in general. Further the very concept of derivative and integrals of these polynomials are untrue. Finally interval pseudo quaternion rings also behave in an erratic way. Not …
Neutrosophic Crisp Set Theory, Florentin Smarandache, A.A. Salama
Neutrosophic Crisp Set Theory, Florentin Smarandache, A.A. Salama
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
Since the world is full of indeterminacy, the Neutrosophics found their place into contemporary research. We now introduce for the first time the notions of Neutrosophic Crisp Sets and Neutrosophic Topology on Crisp Sets. We develop the 2012 notion of Neutrosophic Topological Spaces and give many practical examples. Neutrosophic Science means development and applications of Neutrosophic Logic, Set, Measure, Integral, Probability etc., and their applications in any field. It is possible to define the neutrosophic measure and consequently the neutrosophic integral and neutrosophic probability in many ways, because there are various types of indeterminacies, depending on the problem we need …
Algebraic Structures On Mod Planes, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral
Algebraic Structures On Mod Planes, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
Study of MOD planes happens to a very recent one. Authors have studied several properties of MOD real planes Rn(m); 2 ≤ m ≤ ∞. In fact unlike the real plane R × R which is unique MOD real planes are infinite in number. Likewise MOD complex planes Cn(m); 2 ≤ m ≤ ∞, are infinitely many. The MOD neutrosophic planes RnI(m); 2 ≤ m ≤ ∞ are infinite in number where as we have only one neutrosophic plane R(I) = 〈R ∪ I〉 = {a + bI | I2 = I; a, b ∈ R}. Further three other new …
Natural Neutrosophic Numbers And Mod Neutrosophic Numbers, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral
Natural Neutrosophic Numbers And Mod Neutrosophic Numbers, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this book authors answer the question proposed by Florentin Smarandache “Does there exist neutrosophic numbers which are such that they take values differently and behave differently from I; the indeterminate?”. We have constructed a class of natural neutrosophic numbers m 0I , m xI , m yI , m zI where m 0I × m 0I = m 0I , m xI × m xI = m xI and m yI × m yI = m yI and m yI × m xI = m 0I and m zI × m zI = m 0I . Here take m …
Mod Pseudo Linear Algebras, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral
Mod Pseudo Linear Algebras, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this book authors for the first time elaborately study the notion of MOD vector spaces and MOD pseudo linear algebras. This study is new, innovative and leaves several open conjectures. In the first place as distributive law is not true we can define only MOD pseudo linear algebras. Secondly most of the classical theorems true in case of linear algebras are not true in case of MOD pseudo linear algebras. Finding even eigen values and eigen vectors happens to be a challenging problem. Further the notion of multidimensional MOD pseudo linear algebras are defined using the notion of MOD …
Multidimensional Mod Planes, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral
Multidimensional Mod Planes, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this book authors name the interval [0, m); 2 ≤ m ≤ ∞ as mod interval. We have studied several properties about them but only here on wards in this book and forthcoming books the interval [0, m) will be termed as the mod real interval, [0, m)I as mod neutrosophic interval, [0,m)g; g2 = 0 as mod dual number interval, [0, m)h; h2 = h as mod special dual like number interval and [0, m)k, k2 = (m − 1) k as mod special quasi dual number interval. However there is only one real interval (∞, ∞) but …
Probleme De Geometrie Și Trigonometrie, Compilate Și Rezolvate, Florentin Smarandache
Probleme De Geometrie Și Trigonometrie, Compilate Și Rezolvate, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
No abstract provided.
255 Compiled And Solved Problems In Geometry And Trigonometry, Florentin Smarandache
255 Compiled And Solved Problems In Geometry And Trigonometry, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
No abstract provided.
Euclid Squares On Infinite Planes, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral
Euclid Squares On Infinite Planes, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this book for the first time the authors study the new type of Euclid squares in various planes like real plane, complex plane, dual number plane, special dual like number plane and special quasi dual number plane. There are six such planes and they behave distinctly. From the study it is revealed that each type of squares behave in a different way depending on the plane. We define several types of algebraic structures on them. Such study is new, innovative and interesting. However for some types of squares; one is not in a position to define product. Further under …