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Full-Text Articles in Environmental Health and Protection
Hybridization Among Three Native North American Canis Species In A Region Of Natural Sympatry, Frank Hailer, Jennifer A. Leonard
Hybridization Among Three Native North American Canis Species In A Region Of Natural Sympatry, Frank Hailer, Jennifer A. Leonard
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports
Background: Population densities of many species throughout the world are changing due to direct persecution as well as anthropogenic habitat modification. These changes may induce or increase the frequency of hybridization among taxa. If extensive, hybridization can threaten the genetic integrity or survival of endangered species. Three native species of the genus Canis, coyote (C. latrans), Mexican wolf (C. lupus baileyi) and red wolf (C. rufus), were historically sympatric in Texas, United States. Human impacts caused the latter two to go extinct in the wild, although they survived in captive breeding programs. Morphological data demonstrate historic reproductive isolation between all …
Endangered And Threatened Wildlife And Plants; Designating The Northern Rocky Mountain Population Of Gray Wolf As A Distinct Population Segment And Removing This Distinct Population Segment From The Federal List Of Endangered And Threatened Wildlife; Proposed Rule
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports
Under the Endangered Species Act (Act), we, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), propose to establish a distinct population segment (DPS) of the gray wolf (Canis lupus) in the Northern Rocky Mountains (NRM) of the United States. The proposed NRM DPS of the gray wolf encompasses the eastern one-third of Washington and Oregon, a small part of north-central Utah, and all of Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming. We are also proposing to remove the gray wolf in the NRM DPS from the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife under the Act, because threats will have been reduced or eliminated if …
Gray Wolf (Canis Lupus)
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports
Second only to humans in adapting to climate extremes, gray wolves once ranged from coast to coast and from Alaska to Mexico in North America. They were absent from the East and the Southeast, which were occupied by red wolves (Canis rufus), and from the large deserts in the southwestern States. By the early 20th century, government-sponsored predator control programs and declines in prey brought gray wolves to near extinction in the lower 48 States. Wolf groups, or packs, typically include a breeding pair (the alpha pair), their offspring, and other non-breeding adults. Wolves are capable of mating …
Wolf Recovery In North America
Wolf Recovery In North America
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports
Before the arrival of European settlers, wolves ranged widely across the continent, from coast to coast and from Canada to Mexico. Two species are found in North America, the gray wolf, with its various subspecies, and the red wolf, found in the southeastern United States. Wolves play an important role as predators in the ecosystems they inhabit. They feed primarily on large mammals, such as deer and elk, removing sick and injured animals from the populations. Wolves are highly social, living in packs and hunting and raising young cooperatively. As the country was settled, native prey species declined and the …
Gray Wolf Biology Questions And Answers
Gray Wolf Biology Questions And Answers
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports
1) Why was the gray wolf listed as endangered? 2) What types of habitat do wolves use? 3) Do wolves need wilderness areas to survive? Can they survive near urban areas? 4) How far do wolves travel? 5) What do wolves eat? 6) If wolf numbers get too high will deer and elk be eliminated? 7) How do wolves in an area affect deer hunting? 8) Do wolves really take the old, young, sick, starving, or injured animals? 9) Do wolves kill more than they can eat? 10) Does the presence of wolves affect the numbers of animals other than …
Gray Wolf Populations In The United States, 2006
Gray Wolf Populations In The United States, 2006
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports
Gray Wolf Populations
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery 2005 Interagency Annual Report
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery 2005 Interagency Annual Report
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports
The gray wolf (Canis lupus) population in the Northern Rocky Mountain (NRM) states (Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming) continued to increase in distribution and abundance (Figure 1, Tables 4a, 4b). Estimates of wolf numbers at the end of 2005 were 565 wolves in the Central Idaho Recovery Area (CID), 325 in the Greater Yellowstone Recovery Area (GYA), and 130 in the Northwest Montana Recovery Area (NWMT) for a total of 1,020 wolves (Figure 1, Table 4a). By state boundaries, there were an estimated 512 wolves in the state of Idaho, 252 in Wyoming and 256 in Montana (Table 4b). …
Endangered And Threatened Wildlife And Plants; Regulation For Nonessential Experimental Populations Of The Western Distinct Population Segment Of The Gray Wolf
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports
We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) establish a rule for the nonessential experimental populations (NEPs) of the Western Distinct Population Segment (DPS) of the gray wolf (Canis lupus), so that in States and on Tribal reservations with Service-approved wolf management plans, we can better address the concerns of affected landowners and the impacts of a biologically recovered wolf population. In addition, States and Tribes with Service accepted wolf management plans can petition the Service for lead management authority for experimental wolves consistent with this rule. Within the Yellowstone and central Idaho experimental population areas, only the …
Livestock Depredation By Wolves, Michael Francis
Livestock Depredation By Wolves, Michael Francis
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports
The state of Colorado expects recovering and dispersing wolf (Canis lupus and C. l. baileyi) populations to reach the state in the near future. Likewise, the western Distinct Population Segment of recovering gray wolves may be delisted soon. In preparation for this eventuality, the Colorado Division of Wildlife (CDOW) has initiated the development of a state wolf management plan in an effort to deal with the many controversial issues surrounding this topic, which includes the possible depredation upon livestock and other domestic animals by wolves. This paper deals specifically with cowcalf and sheep depredation and examines the actual …
Restoration And Management Of Gray Wolves In Central Idaho - Progress Report 2003, Curt Mack, Jim Holyan
Restoration And Management Of Gray Wolves In Central Idaho - Progress Report 2003, Curt Mack, Jim Holyan
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is restoring endangered gray wolves to the northern Rocky Mountains including ongoing efforts in 3 restoration areas: Northwest Montana, the Greater Yellowstone Area, and Central Idaho. Gray wolves naturally recolonized northwest Montana and were down-listed to threatened status under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 2003. Nonessential experimental population areas were established for the Greater Yellowstone and Central Idaho Areas where wolves were actively reintroduced under the ESA. This special designation allows for management flexibility to address public concerns such as wolf-livestock conflicts. In 2003 the USFWS reclassified gray wolves across the lower …
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery 2004 Annual Report
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery 2004 Annual Report
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports
The gray wolf (Canis lupus) population in the Northern Rocky Mountain (NRM) states (Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming) continued to increase in distribution and numbers (Figure 1, Tables 4a, 4b). Estimates of wolf numbers at the end of 2004 were 452 wolves in the Central Idaho Recovery Area (CID), 324 in the Greater Yellowstone Recovery Area (GYA), and 59 in the Northwest Montana Recovery Area (NWMT) for a total of 835 wolves (Figure 1, Table 4a). By state boundaries, there were an estimated 422 wolves in the state of Idaho, 260 in Wyoming and 153 in Montana (Table 4b). …
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery 2003 Annual Report
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery 2003 Annual Report
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports
Wolves (Canis lupus) in the Northern Rocky Mountain states (Idaho, Montana and Wyoming) continue to increase in distribution and numbers (Figures 1, 5). Estimates of wolf numbers at the end of 2003 were 368 wolves in the Central Idaho Recovery Area, 301 in the Greater Yellowstone Recovery Area, and 92 in the Northwest Montana Recovery Area for a total of 761 (Figure 1, Table 4a). By state boundaries, there were an estimated 345 wolves in the state of Idaho, 234 in Wyoming and 182 in Montana (Table 4b). Of approximately 94 groups of two or more wolves, 51 …
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery 2002 Annual Report
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery 2002 Annual Report
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports
Wolves (Canis lupus) in the Northern Rocky Mountain states (Idaho, Montana and Wyoming) continue to increase in distribution and numbers (Figures 1, 5). Estimates of wolf numbers at the end of 2002 were 284 wolves in the Central Idaho Recovery Area, 271 in the Greater Yellowstone Recovery Area, and 108 in the Northwest Montana Recovery Area for a total of 663 (Figure 1, Table 4a). By state boundaries, there were an estimated 263 wolves in the state of Idaho, 217 in Wyoming and 183 in Montana (Table 4b). Of approximately 80 groups of two or more wolves, 43 …
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery 2001 Annual Report
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery 2001 Annual Report
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports
Wolves in the Northern Rocky Mountains (Idaho, Montana and Wyoming) continue to increase in distribution and numbers (Figures 1,5). Estimates of wolf numbers at the end of 2001 were 261 wolves in the Central Idaho Recovery Area, 218 in the Greater Yellowstone Recovery Area, and 84 in the Northwest Montana Recovery Area (Figure 1, Tables 1,2,3,4). By state boundaries, there were an estimated 251 wolves in the state of Idaho, 189 in Wyoming and 123 in Montana. Of the 63 groups of 2 or more wolves, at least 34 wolf packs met the definition of “breeding pair,” an adult male …
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery 2000 Annual Report
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery 2000 Annual Report
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports
Gray wolf populations (Canis lupus) were extirpated from the western U.S. by the 1930s. Subsequently, wolves from Canada occasionally dispersed south into Montana and Idaho but failed to survive long enough to reproduce. Public attitudes toward predators changed and wolves received legal protection with the passage of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1973. Wolves began to successfully recolonize northwest Montana in the early 1980s. By 1995, 6 packs lived entirely in northwestern Montana. In 1995 and 1996, 66 wolves from southwestern Canada were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park (YNP) (31 wolves) and central Idaho (35 wolves). The …
A Cooperative Effort By The U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service, The Nez Perce Tribe, The National Park Service, And Usda Wildlife Services
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports
Gray wolf populations (Canis lupus) were extirpated from the western U.S. by the 1930s. Subsequently, wolves from Canada occasionally dispersed south into Montana and Idaho but failed to survive long enough to reproduce. Public attitudes toward predators changed and wolves received legal protection with the passage of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 1973. Wolves began to successfully recolonize northwestern Montana in the early 1980s. By 1995, 6 packs lived entirely in northwestern Montana. In 1995 and 1996, 66 wolves from southwestern Canada were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park (YNP) (31 wolves) and central Idaho (35 wolves). The …
Gray Wolf (Canis Lupus)
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports
Historically, most Native Americans revered gray wolves, trying to emulate their cunning and hunting abilities. However, wolves became nearly extinct in the lower 48 states in the early part of the 20th century because settlers believed wolves caused widespread livestock losses. Constantly persecuted and targeted by large scale predator eradication programs sponsored by the federal government, wolves have been pursued with more passion and determination than any other animal in U.S. history. By the time wolves were finally protected by the Endangered Species Act of 1973, they had been exterminated from the lower 48 states, except for a few hundred …
Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Plan
Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Plan
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports
As enacted by Congress, the purposes of the Endangered Species Act are to provide a program for the conservation of such endangered and threatened species as well as a means whereby the ecosystems upon which such species depend may be conserved. The Act also mandates that the Secretary of the Interior shall develop and implement plans for the conservation and survival of endangered and threatened species. It is further declared to be the policy of Congress that all Federal departments and agencies shall seek to conserve endangered and threatened species and shall utilize their authorities in furtherance of the purposes …
Reclassification Of The Gray Wolf In The United States And Mexico, With Determination Of Critical Habitat In Michigan And Minnesota
Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Annual Reports
The Service issues a final rulemaking which provides for the reclassification of the gray wolf in the United States and Mexico, and for the determination of critical habitat for species of gray wolf in Michigan and Minnesota. The reclassification is considered to accurately express the current status of the gray wolf, based solely on an evaluation of the best available biological data. The special regulations being established in Minnesota are deemed necessary and advisable to provide for the future well-being of the species. Although an increased legal take of wolves committing depredations on domestic animals will be authorized, this take …