Environmental Sciences Commons^™

Program Planning For Extension Wildlife Damage Control: Rodents, Edward K. Boggess

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Program planning is a necessary part of any educational program which is intended to progress in an orderly or logical manner. However, it must be realized that extension wildlife specialists often must deal with special sets of circumstances when it comes to resolving problems with wildlife. When faced with a particular damage problem, the wildlife specialist has two options: to act or to react. The choice of which course to take depends on the specific problem and on a number of related factors, such as uniqueness and severity of the problem and community attitudes.

Using Extension Methodology In Prairie Dog Management, Lloyd K. Cheatheam

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

At the turn of the century, Texas' 'black-tailed prairie dog was probably the State's most abundant wildlife species. Bailey estimated the population at 800,000,000 animals in 1905. He also described a single colony that was 100 miles wide and 250 miles long, from San Angelo, Texas to Clarendon, Texas. During this period, other authors described riding by horseback for several days through a single colony. Settlers of this area, wishing to raise cattle, had to first control the prairie dog. My good friend, G.IJ. "Shorty" Kennedy, a retired ranch foreman and an octgenarian, described these historical control methods to me.

The Challenge Of Cost-Benefit Determinations In Bird Damage Control Programs, Richard A. Dolbeer

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Birds cause damage to a variety of crops in North America and, at least for blackbirds feeding on corn, there are fairly accurate estimates of the amount of damage that occurs (Stone et al. 1972, Stickley et al. 1979). To combat these depredation problems, a variety of management tools (cultural methods, mechanical scare devices, chemical toxicants, and repellents)have been developed and are routinely recommended to farmers. Unfortunately, little effort has gone into examing the anticipated or actual losses in relation to the effectiveness and costs of the recommended damage control programs.

Control Of Urban Blackbird And Starling Roosts, Ron Ogden

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Blackbirds and starlings often establish large fall and winter roosts in areas where their presence is objectionable because of potential health, economic, and/or nuisance problems. Roosts of more than a million birds are not uncommon. Red-winged blackbirds (Agelphoeniceus), common grackles (Quiscalus cuiscula), brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), and starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) make up most of the roosts populations.

Extension Program Planning For Predator Damage Control, Dale A. Wade

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Program planning for reduction of predator damage through the Extension approach normally involves producers, the county Extension agent and the Extension specialist in animal damage control. Please note that I will use the term "animal damage" rather than "wildlife damage", since free-ranging and feral dogs are frequently responsible for predator-caused losses and reducing these losses is equally as important as limiting losses to wild species.

Extension Education Within The U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service, Dan Stiles

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

What I want to accomplish today is to discuss: a little about the organization of Extension Education within the Fish and Wildlife Service; our progress and plans; something about extension and animal damage control; some philosophical observations and comments, and lastly, a look toward the future.

Predation On Nesting Waterfowl In The Glaciated Prairie Pothole Region, Raymond Greenwood

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Increased duck production is a primary goal of management on federal Waterfowl Production Areas and many National Wildlife Refuges in the glaciated Prairie Pothole Region. Considerable effort is expended to manage many of those areas for increased duck nesting success. Predation often reduces the effectiveness of many waterfowl management practices and results in lowered production of young by local waterfowl populations. Recent studies on upland nesting ducks in the Prairie Pothole Region of North and South Dakota show that up to 18 percent of the nesting hens, 20-90 percent of the eggs, and a significant though undetermined number of ducklings …

How To Evaluate Wildlife Damage Control Programs, Orvis Gustad

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

I did not volunteer to substitute for Bill Pfeifer on the subject of "How to Evaluate Predator Control Programs" as an expert on this subject, but rather to: 1) point out that we recognize the need for good base information for describing effectiveness; and 2) relay how the Service's Animal Damage Control Program proposes to obtain it.

Program Planning For Extension Wildlife Damge Control - Bird Damage, Ron J. Johnson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Bird damage problems occur throughout the Great Plains States, and these problems often confront extension personnel. Knowledge of what problems occur in the various states and how they are handled may help us better pool efforts toward finding solutions. Shared information may also show patterns that exist or new problems emerging that might require increased attention in the future.

Update Of Federally Registered Vertebrate Pesticides, Raymond W. Matheny

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The Environmental Protection Agency is charged by Congress under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) to regulate the use of pesticides in the United States. Section 3 of FIFRA requires that all interstate pesticides be federally registered. In this process applicants must submit data to support registration of their products. These data encompass the safety, basic chemistry, environmental chemistry, human toxicity and fish and wildlife toxicity of the product. Admittedly, registration of pesticides can be both costly and time-consuming. The objective is to protect the environment, both plant and animal, from adverse effects. Pesticides may also be used,experimentally …

Federally Registered Pesticides For Vertebrate Control , R.W. Matheny

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

list of registered pesticides

A Discussion Of The Renewable Resources Extension Programf, Merrill L. Petoskey

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The Extension programs of the Department of Agricultrue and of each state are expected to provide useful and productive educational programs, for private forest and range and owners, processors, consumptive and non-consumptive users of the renewable resources produced from these lands. These educational activities are also expected to complement research and assistance programs conducted by the Department of Agriculture.

Problems Registering Certain Rodenticides, Kenneth Seyler

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

My comments today will be in regards to rodenticides we utilize in Montana for field rodent control. These rodenticides are strychnine, sodium monofluoracetate (1080), and zinc phosphide used for Columbian ground squirrel, prairie dog, Richardson ground squirrel, and pocket gopher damage control.

How To Evaluate Wildlife Damage Control Programs - Rodents, Robert M. Timm

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Wildlife damage control programs, whether they be directed at rodents or other species, exist because of particular needs. The first criterion in evaluating any such program is: does the program meet an existing need, i.e. does it effectively reduce damage? To answer this question, it is necessary to define the need. Need can be described in terms of the extent and severity of damage caused by rodents, or potential damage (which may occur, if no action is taken). Actual damage is measured most accurately by an on-site survey or inspection. This may involve measurement of a resource loss (for example, …

Research And Teaching Needs In Wildlife Damage Control And Prevention, W. Alan Wentz

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Wildlife damage control is a fairly unique part of wildlife management. But you will notice that I said it is a part of wildlife management. I believe that too many of today's wildlife managers, professors, and administrators look at this aspect of our profession as something different, something outside of management,... something to stay away from. Wildlife damage control is a part of wildlife management and it is, perhaps, one of the most basic aspects of our profession. In fact, I would guess that nearly every professional wildlife worker has at one time or another been involved in wildlife damage …

New Approaches To Alleviating Migratory Bird Damage, Orvis C. Gustad

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The title of "New Approaches to Alleviating Migratory Bird Damage" does not encompass the broad array of efforts being made through research, but rather is limited to new efforts being made through our Animal Damage Control operational program. My primary emphasis will be on the "Lure Crop" approach. The standard Service approach to resolving migratory bird depredation problems has been to conduct field demonstrations and provide information and materials for moving the birds away from the damage site.

The Status Of Prairie Dogs In The Great Plains, F. Robert Henderson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The data used in this report was acquired during an investigation conducted for the Development Planning and Research Associates Incorporated located here in Manhattan, Kansas: This is a private consulting firm. Their permission to use this information is greatly appreciated. There are four species of prairie dogs in the United States. These are the black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus), white-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys leucurus), Utah prairie dog (Cynomys parvidens) and Gunnison's prairie dog (Cynomys gunnisoni) (Jones et al, 1975).

How Wildlife Damge Control Personnel Can Cope With The Gas Shortage And Reduced Budgets, Yet Still Meet The Needs Of The Public, Volney W. Howard Jr.

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

As I see the situation, we are really addressing a two-sided issue -- one involves actual field personnel, such as Animal Damage Control (ADC), and the other contains those involved in extension. Some potential solutions which may be beneficial for one group may not be applicable to the problems encountered by the other. ADC Personnel. The field personnel are faced with increased fuel costs and static or decreased travel budgets. In addition, there is rumor of a 10 to 15% mandatory decrease in gasoline consumption on a per-month-basis by ADC employees in New Mexico. I assume that ADC personnel in …

Use Of Starlicide In Pigeon Control, Lester B. Kreps

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Feral pigeons, problem birds common to most American cities and farms, are descendants of the Rock Dove (Columba 1ivia)of North Africa and Europe. They were brought to America as domestic poultry by the first European settlers and have since escaped. They are not truly 'wild", as their existence depends upon man's activities. An adult pigeon will eat about a pound of food a week, consisting primarily of grain spilled around elevators, railroad yards and feedlots or fed by pigeon lovers.

Political And Sociological Aspects Of Wildlife Damage Control, Walter E. Howard

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

I greatly appreciate being invited to the 1979 Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control workshop - especially being your dinner speaker. The climate of public opinion developed from the ecology movement in the western world implies that everything chemical is unnatural and bad, while anything biological is intrinsically desirable. Vertebrate pest control faces a very emotional climate, thanks to government actions and many organizations seeking to profit fran keeping it that way. Unfortunately Americans have been indoctrinated to think that the present vertebrate pest control methodology is archaic and inhumane, that the field attracts those who are killers at heart, and …

New Developments In Rodenticides, William B. Jackson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Rodenticides have become the "standard" for rodent control, and Anti-coagulants have been the quid pro quo. For three decades warfarin(and other dicoumarols) and then the indandiones have been the control element for commensal rodents. However, excessive and indiscriminant uses have selected for resistant populations of Norway rats, roof rats, and house mice in many parts of the U.S. (Jackson and Ashton, 1979). Though resistance is often referenced to warfarin, it is a cross-resistance to all of the currently available, "first-generation" anticoagulants.

Vertebrate Animal Damage Control: Summary Of Panel Discussion And Committee Review, Dale A. Wade

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

It is clearly evident that the program planning committee for this national workshop recognized vertebrate animal damage and its control as one of the most difficult problems with which we deal in resource management. Perhaps no other topic is more controversial since it encompasses all of the biological, social, economic and political factors, with emotion and opinions frequently weighed more heavily than fact.

Rangeland Management Problems Associated With Wildlife From A Rangeman's Viewpoint, Paul D. Ohlenbusch

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Rangeland is the largest renewable natural resource of the Great Plains states. It supplies forage for the livestock industry (together with tame pasture), habitat for wildlife, water for man and animals, beauty and pleasure for everyone and an economic base for many rural communities. In short, it is many things to many people.

Solving Urban Problems Associated With Small Animals, Sharon Whitten

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Small animals have been drawn into the urban setting, and as a consequence of their contact with man their populations are growing. The result of this growth is damage to man's property. We must take steps to reduce damage caused by wildlife in urban areas.

Predation Of Upland Game And Its Management, Roger Wells

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

There is probably no greater topic that elicits greater emotion in public wildlife discussions than that of predation. A variety of groups each with their own particular special interest surround the topic.

Some advocate complete protection of predators on the premise that their activities merely result in a "balance of nature." The opposite viewpoint argue just as strongly for the total elimination of Predators of valued wildlife in order to have greater number for man's enjoyment.

Table Of Contents

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Table of contents

Ground Squirrels In The Great Plains, Bennett A. Brown

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

There are 22 recognized species of ground squirrels in North America (Jones et al. 1975). All belong to the genera Spermophilus or Ammospermophilus. Some species contain as many as 14 subspecies, or races. In many cases, these subspecies are distinguished not only by morphological or distributional characters, but by behavioral differences and varying ecological strategies, as well. These latter frequently impact on the efficacy of various control methods.

Impact Of Plains Pocket Gophers On Forage Production, Ronald M. Case, James L. Stubbendieck, Dale G. Luce

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The presence of pocket gophers on rangeland and farmland is highly visible due to the earth mounds which they build. The nuisance impact of their mounds and acknowledged long-term beneficial effects on soil (Laycock and Richardson 1975) result in a value which is debatable. The impact of various species of Thomomys on herbage production of rangelands has been widely reported (Fitch and Bentley 1949; Richens 1965; Turner 1969; Laycock and Richardson 1975; Alsager 1977). However, besides our studies in Nebraska, we could find no literature concerning the effect of Geomys on forage production and no literature concerning the effect of …