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Full-Text Articles in Earth Sciences
1st International Symposium On Groundwater Ecology. Introduction: Sense And Course Of The Meeting, Siegfried Husmann
1st International Symposium On Groundwater Ecology. Introduction: Sense And Course Of The Meeting, Siegfried Husmann
International Journal of Speleology
Short introduction on the meeting on Groundwater Ecology held at Shlitz (Germany) in 1975.
Stenasellus Bragai N. Sp., Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Des Eaux Souterraines D'Espagne Méridionale, Guy Magniez
Stenasellus Bragai N. Sp., Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Des Eaux Souterraines D'Espagne Méridionale, Guy Magniez
International Journal of Speleology
This small species has been found in the underflow of Guadalquivir River (Jaén Province). It belongs to the phyletic line of Stenasellus breuili Racovitza, distributed in the underground waters of the Iberic Peninsula.
Untersuchungen Zur Funktion Des Mesopsammon Bei Der Reinigung Von Infiltriertem Oberflächenwasser, Barbara Ritterbusch
Untersuchungen Zur Funktion Des Mesopsammon Bei Der Reinigung Von Infiltriertem Oberflächenwasser, Barbara Ritterbusch
International Journal of Speleology
Based upon the hypothesis that the Metazoa (nematoda and rotifera) in the interstitial stratum of a slow sand filter are of importance in the process of purification of surface water, a filter was built to check the substrate characteristics of different grain sizes compared with the natural soil. It was found that the granulometric composition of sands as found in the settling basins did have the best comparative screening properties. This was demonstrated by chemical analyses of NH4, NO2, NO3, PO4, KMnO4-consumption and O2-saturation. Only the NO3 …
Hydrogeologische Untersuchungen In Einem Von Salzhaltigem Uferfiltrat Durchströmten Bodenkörper, Matthias Neuß
Hydrogeologische Untersuchungen In Einem Von Salzhaltigem Uferfiltrat Durchströmten Bodenkörper, Matthias Neuß
International Journal of Speleology
An aquifer in a horseshoe bend of the Weser river was investigated regarding the processes of the river water infiltration. The geology and geometry of the aquifer was ascertained by means of numerous borings. The hydraulic situation before and after infiltration was determined by water table maps. The intrusion of a salt-freshwater lens could be reconstructed from the beginning of infiltration until ten years later by means of previous results of chemical analysis. By new chemical analysis it was proved that river water infiltrates into the aquifer. Additionally it was established that the relatively high concentration of chloride is reduced …
The Distribution Of The Fauna In The Interstitial Habitats Of Riverine Sediments Of The Danube And The Piesting (Austria), Dan L. Danielopol
The Distribution Of The Fauna In The Interstitial Habitats Of Riverine Sediments Of The Danube And The Piesting (Austria), Dan L. Danielopol
International Journal of Speleology
The interstitial fauna living in the riverine sediments of the Danube and Piesting have been investigated in Lower Austria. The nematodes, oligochaetes and cyclopoids are the most abundant groups (they represent up to 80% of the total fauna). The harpacticoids, the insect larvae, the isopods, the amphipods, the cladocera and the limnohalacarids are poorly represented (generally under 20% of the total fauna). The absence of hydrachnellids is striking. The vertical distribution of the interstitial fauna shows for several groups i.e. limnohalacarids, ostracods, isopods, harpacticoids, that the epigean species are quantitatively better represented in the upper sediment layers instead of the …
La Dynamique De Population De L'Isopode Proasellus Slavus Ssp.N. Et Les Larves De Chironomides Dans L'Hyporhéique De La Drave Du Point De Vue De La Pollution, Milan Meštrov, Romana Lattinger-Penko, Vlatka Tavčar
La Dynamique De Population De L'Isopode Proasellus Slavus Ssp.N. Et Les Larves De Chironomides Dans L'Hyporhéique De La Drave Du Point De Vue De La Pollution, Milan Meštrov, Romana Lattinger-Penko, Vlatka Tavčar
International Journal of Speleology
If we sum up the data and observations derived from our researches on the Drava river, we conclude after consideration of surface water fauna and after comparison of chemical parameters that it influences the hyporheic water of a rough gravel-sandy alluvium more than 2 m deep, while in the compact sandy substratum it has less influence. The next conclusion is that the horizontal and vertical distribution of Proasellus slavus ssp.n. in the alluvium of the Drava river, depends upon the granulation of substratum, with reference so the largeness of interstices; that the populations vary in density and structure according to …
New Data On The Foraminifera Of The Groundwaters Of Middle Asia, V. I. Mikhalevich
New Data On The Foraminifera Of The Groundwaters Of Middle Asia, V. I. Mikhalevich
International Journal of Speleology
New data obtained during the expedition to Middle Asia (1973) essentially enlarge our knowledge of foraminifera living in underground waters. Seven new species were discovered in the wells of the Kara-Kum and Ust-Urt deserts. All of them contain cytoplasma. The wells are situated in the region of bedding of underground waters of the heightened salinity in the zone of balance of runoff and evaporation. The majority of the species described in our work like many of the species recorded from the underground waters earlier (Brodsky, 1928; Nikoljuk, 1968; Jankovskaja and Mikhalevich, 1972) belong to the genera living in coastal brackish …
The Karst Of Transvaal (South Africa), J. Martini, I. Kavalieris
The Karst Of Transvaal (South Africa), J. Martini, I. Kavalieris
International Journal of Speleology
The Transvaal Karst is a world important example of a Karst developed on a very old dolomite. Its unique character is due to the composition of the rock and history of development. The dissolution of the dolomite is interesting and has an important effect on the character of the caves developed. The caves preserved in this area include the longest known in South Africa and are perhaps among the largest dolomite systems known in the world. They are very old and in some cases contain important palaeontological deposits (Australopithecine fauna). The caves to various degrees are in a state of …
Sur La Distribution Géographique De La Faune Interstitielle Du Danube Et De Certains De Ses Affluents En Basse-Autriche, Dan L. Danielopol
Sur La Distribution Géographique De La Faune Interstitielle Du Danube Et De Certains De Ses Affluents En Basse-Autriche, Dan L. Danielopol
International Journal of Speleology
The wide distribution of the interstitial isopod Proasellus slavus as well as new records of Troglochaetus (Archiannelida) and BogidielIa (Amphipoda) in Lower-Austria are presented. Species of the genera Microcharon (Isopoda Microparasellidae), Kovalevskiella (Ostracoda Metacyprinae) and of the family Parabathynellidae (Bathynellacea) are recorded for the first time in Austria.
Recent Karyological Research On Cave Planarians From Europe, Nicole Gourbault
Recent Karyological Research On Cave Planarians From Europe, Nicole Gourbault
International Journal of Speleology
Very few studies have been involved with karyology in Planarian living in total darkness. The first results indicate however, that most of the hypogeous Paludicoles have a diploid chromosome number notably superior to the similar surface forms. In another connection a relative uniformity of the morphology of the chromosome is observed in the same group, so that the studied karyotypes show a similar general aspect.
Remarques Sur L'Aselle Psammique Proasellus Walteri (Chappuis, 1948) (Crustacea, Isopoda, Asellota), Jean-Paul Henry
Remarques Sur L'Aselle Psammique Proasellus Walteri (Chappuis, 1948) (Crustacea, Isopoda, Asellota), Jean-Paul Henry
International Journal of Speleology
P. walteri, an eyeless species of tiny size and thin body, shows numerous original characters. By its general morphology, it is one form of Asellid best adapted to the phreatic waters where it exists in large settlements. It is also able to live in the psammic biotope in a manner similar to Microparasellids. The females lay only 6 to 10 normal sized eggs. There is no indication of oostegits outside the breeding period. In some populations, the small number of eggs, correlated with the small size, seems to be compensated by a sex-ratio favorable so the females.
Über Ökologische Und Biogeographische Trends Innerhalb Der Harpacticoiden (Copepoda - Crustacea), Hans Jakobi
Über Ökologische Und Biogeographische Trends Innerhalb Der Harpacticoiden (Copepoda - Crustacea), Hans Jakobi
International Journal of Speleology
The majority of harpacticoids show a great dependence on the peculiarities of their habitat. This research attempted to detect the possible existence of biogeographical and ecological trends. The limited biogeographical data is discussed, so this is applied the method of analysis of morpho-ecological correlation (Jakobi, 1962) developed to determine ecological trends. This way, all characteristics of the harpacticoidean body selected were studied to check their adaptative value. Based on those results it was possible to establish and to define ecological units. Data were then subjected to statistical tests of homogeneity for variance and significance. Graphs are used to demonstrate the …
Quelques Données Sur La Population De Proasellus Slavus Ssp. N. Sket (Crustacea, Isopoda) Dans L'Hyporhéique De La Rivière Drave Près De Legrad, Romana Lattinger-Penko
Quelques Données Sur La Population De Proasellus Slavus Ssp. N. Sket (Crustacea, Isopoda) Dans L'Hyporhéique De La Rivière Drave Près De Legrad, Romana Lattinger-Penko
International Journal of Speleology
An analysis of the population in the hyporheic medium of the Drava river shows that Proasellus slavus ssp. n. is one of the smallest known Asellids. It is living in an interstitial biotope as a permanent population in which density varies in space and time. Our observations show that reproduction takes place throughout the year, however with a maximum rate at the beginning of summer. Females may produce a relatively great number of offspring, notwithstanding the smallness of the species.
The Role Of Groundwater In Eutrophication Of A Lake In Glacial Outwash Terrain, David Robert Lee
The Role Of Groundwater In Eutrophication Of A Lake In Glacial Outwash Terrain, David Robert Lee
International Journal of Speleology
The nutrient contribution of groundwater in glacial outwash terrain was evaluated at Lake Sallie in north-central U.S.A. (46°46’ N., 95° 54’ W.). Groundwater entering the lake was collected with seepage meters consisting of bottomless cylinders vented to a thin membrane bag. A theoretical flow net and comparison of nutrient concentrations in well and seepage water indicated that seepage meters can be used in high velocity discharge areas to obtain site-specific water samples of groundwater for nutrient analyses. Based on an average value of 0.25 mg/l PO4, groundwater inflow along an 800 km segment of shoreline transported 37 kg …
An Introduction To The Japanese Groundwater Animals With Reference To Their Ecology And Hygienic Significance, Kôichi Matsumoto
An Introduction To The Japanese Groundwater Animals With Reference To Their Ecology And Hygienic Significance, Kôichi Matsumoto
International Journal of Speleology
1) Nearly two hundred species of troglobites are known from the groundwaters of Japan. Most of these troglobiontic species, sixteen of seventy-seven genera, and what is more, four of forty-seven families are endemic to Japan. Uchidastygacaridae, Nipponacaridae, and Kantacaridae are endemic acaridan families of Japan. The coleopterous family, Phreatodytidae, is alto endemic to Japan. 2) Though studies on Protozoa, Turbellaria, Annelida, Aschelminthes, and Ostracoda, etc. remain sparse, the interstitial fauna is actively investigated recently and many specimens of Bathynellacea, Ingolfiella, Bogidiella, Microcerberus, Pseudovermis (Opisthobranchia), and Nerillidae, etc. have been collected from freshwater and marine environments. 3) None of the troglobites …
Systematische Untersuchungen An Grundwasserkrebsen - Eine Bestandsaufnahme (Mit Der Beschreibung Zweier Neuer Gattungen Der Familie Parabathynellidae, Bathynellacea), Horst Kurt Schminke
Systematische Untersuchungen An Grundwasserkrebsen - Eine Bestandsaufnahme (Mit Der Beschreibung Zweier Neuer Gattungen Der Familie Parabathynellidae, Bathynellacea), Horst Kurt Schminke
International Journal of Speleology
This paper reviews critically some recent work on the systematics of subterranean Crustacea, in particular Jakobi’s work on the Parastenocarididae (Copepoda), Serban’s work on the Bathynellidae (Bathynellacea, Syncarida) and Schminke’s revision of the Parabathynellidae (Bathynellacea, Syncarida). It is pointed out that three different approaches have been adopted in each of the three cases and advantages and shortcomings of each of them are analysed. Finally descriptions are given of two new genera of Parabathynellidae, Afrobathynella gen. n. and Nunubathynella gen. n., from a locality near Port Elisabeth (South Africa).
Notes Préliminaires Sur La Distribution Spatiale De Meta Menardi, Triphosa Dubitata, Triphosa Sabaudiata, Nelima Aurantiaca Et Culex Pipiens Au Sein D'Un Écosystème Cavernicole (Grotte De La Scierie: Hte.-Savoie), John D. Bourne
International Journal of Speleology
Following 8 months of observations in a richly populated cave, (Grotte de la Scierie, HauteSavoie, France), it has been possible to outline the movements and distribution of Meta menardi (Araneae), Nelima aurantiaca (Opiliones), Triphosa dubitata and Triphosa sabaudiata (Lepidoptera) and Culex pipiens (Diptera) within the cave ecosystem. Although no general rule can be postulated it appears that the morphology of the cave walls and the climatic conditions regulate the distribution of these 5 species within the cave ecosystem. The interactions between the 5 species have been investigated.
Sur Les Bathynella De Roumanie: B. (B.) Boteai Serban, B. (B.) Vaducrisensis N. Sp., B. (B.) Plesai Serban Et B. (B.) Motrensis Serban (Bathynellacea, Bathynellidae), Deuxième Partie, Eugène Serban
International Journal of Speleology
In the second part of the note a discussion is given dealing with the importance of different characters in the systematics of the genus Bathynella Vejdovsky and with species individualisation in the sub-genus Bathynella (Bathynella) Vejdovsky. We emphasize the differentiation of some elements of the VIIIth male pereiopodes, these appendages never having the same morphology in different species. Taking into account the structure of the apical end of the pennian anterior plates, we suggest to group separately boteai with vaducrisensis and plesai with ruffoi. The main conclusions of the recent studies on the European Bathynella are also given.
La Léthargie Chez Les Chiroptères Cavernicoles D'Afrique Centrale, Michel Anciaux De Faveaux
La Léthargie Chez Les Chiroptères Cavernicoles D'Afrique Centrale, Michel Anciaux De Faveaux
International Journal of Speleology
From his personal research undertaken in the subterranean field (natural and artificial cavities) in Shaba (ex-Katanga, in S.E. Zaire) and Rwanda, the author briefly defines the macroclimate of the prospected regions as well as the microclimate of the subterranean habitat (humidity and temperature). A reversible hypothermia has been noticed in the dry season only (from May till August) in eleven species of troglophile Chiroptera belonging to the following families: Rhinolophidae (7 species of Rhinolophus), Hipposideridae (only Hipposideros ruber) and Vespertilionidae (Miniopterus inflatus rufus, Miniopterus schreibersi arenarius & M.s. natalensis, Myotis tricolor). No sign of lethargy has …
Les Adaptations À La Volvation Du Squelette Externe De La Tête Chez Caecosphaeroma Burgundum Dollfus, Crustacé Isopode Des Eaux Souterraines, C. Marvillet
International Journal of Speleology
The study of the cephalic capsule of Caecosphaeroma burgundum, a subterranean waters Isopod, demonstrates improved adaptations to volvation; these concern in a similar manner the other regions of the body, particularly the pleotelson. From a primitive aquatic Isopod structure, the head of this blind Spheromid has been completely fashioned by many mechanical factors: posterior margin of pleotelson providing support on the head, relation of anterior angles of the second pereionit and, above all, the mandibular palps and antennae which retract into two deep grooves of the face. The comparative study of the head of other volvational Isopods shows the …
Stygiomysis Major, A New Troglobitic Mysid From Jamaica, And Extension Of The Range Of S. Holthuisi To Puerto Rico (Crustacea: Mysidacea: Stygiomysidae), Thomas F. Bowman
Stygiomysis Major, A New Troglobitic Mysid From Jamaica, And Extension Of The Range Of S. Holthuisi To Puerto Rico (Crustacea: Mysidacea: Stygiomysidae), Thomas F. Bowman
International Journal of Speleology
Stygiomysis major, new species, the third species of the genus, is described from Jackson Bay Cave, Jamaica. It is up to twice the length of the other known species. S. holthuisi, until now known only from its type-locality in St. Martin, is reported from 2 caves in Guànica State Forest, Puerto Rico. It differs slightly from St. Martin specimens in the armature of the uropods.
Hydrologische Und Chemische Untersuchungen An Den Fließgewässern Des Schlitzerlandes. A. Quellen. I. Übersicht, Jörg Brehm
International Journal of Speleology
In a Triassic sandstone woodland (Schlitzerland in Hesse, Western Germany) 17 springs were hydrologically and hydrochemically investigated throughout one year (April 1973 - April 1974). Measurements were carried out on water volume, temperature, electrolytical conductivity, pH, aikalinity, chlorinity, dissolved molecular oxygen, dissolved organic material (COD), ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and free phosphate. Among the hydrochemical factors investigated the pH-value was closely related especially to the micro-climate in the spring drainage area. In particular the pH rose both with increasing length of the drainage area and — within the same spring with decreasing water supply. On the other hand the pH-value diminished …
Die Tierische Besiedlung Des Hyporheischen Interstitials Eines Urgebirgsbaches Unter Dem Einfluß Von Allochthoner Nährstoffzufuhr, Hans-Gerd Pieper
Die Tierische Besiedlung Des Hyporheischen Interstitials Eines Urgebirgsbaches Unter Dem Einfluß Von Allochthoner Nährstoffzufuhr, Hans-Gerd Pieper
International Journal of Speleology
The Mettma, a mountain stream in the Black Forest, W. Germany, was investigated for effects of input of nutrients and energy by domestic waste water and effluent from a brewery introduced at one specific point. The investigation time ranged from May 1970 to February 1971. Initially, there is an impoverishment and structural changes of the biocoenosis in the hyporheic interstitial. There is an almost complete O2-depletion immediately after the waste water has been added. In winter, temperatures in the interstitial were higher than those in the current. No direct correlation between population densities and amount of organic matter …
Studies On Subterranean Drift Of Stygobiont Crustaceans (Niphargus, Crangonyx, Graeteriella), Siegfried Husmann
Studies On Subterranean Drift Of Stygobiont Crustaceans (Niphargus, Crangonyx, Graeteriella), Siegfried Husmann
International Journal of Speleology
In two groundwater canals of a water work in West Germany the drift of stygobiont groundwater organisms was investigated. The collections were made at two-hour intervals. Niphargus aquilex Schiodte, Crangonyx subterraneus Bate and Graeteriella unisetigera (Graeter) were considered more closely, because they were caught in greater numbers than other organisms. These stygobionts show no sign of dial periodicity.
Die Vertikale Verteilung Von Ciliaten Im Stygorhithral Der Fulda (Beitrag Zur Kenntnis Mesopsammaler Ciliaten In Fließgewässern), Günther Lüpkes
Die Vertikale Verteilung Von Ciliaten Im Stygorhithral Der Fulda (Beitrag Zur Kenntnis Mesopsammaler Ciliaten In Fließgewässern), Günther Lüpkes
International Journal of Speleology
19 species of ciliates were found in interstitial biotopes of the Fulda Headwater. Two of these were new: Haplocaulus hengsti, n.sp. and Epistylis rotti, n.sp. (Peritrichida). The number of ciliate species decreases from the surface down so deeper layers; in a depth of 50 cm, only three species were found: Haplocaulus hengsti and Epistylis rotti and another small ciliate Trachelophyllum apiculatum. There was little detritus in this layer, and so, the abundance of the ciliates was low. On the other hand, there is little predation in deeper layers of stygorhithral sand and gravel. Small, long …
Remarques Sur La Biologie Et L'Écologie De Stenasellus Virei Dollfus (Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Des Eaux Souterraines), Guy Magniez
International Journal of Speleology
Recent observations indicate that a laying season seems to exist, in karstic as well as in phreatic populations. Nevertheless, a single female cannot lay each year, because the reproductive intermolt averages 15-16 months and is always followed by one (9-10 months) or several non-reproductive intermolts. So, the minimum laying rhythm of female St. virei is biennial. The cavernicolous population (St. v. virei) of the Padirac swallow-hole is not a relict, but a colony separated from the main settlement of the alluvial waters of the Dordogne river. On the contrary, it is possible to find, close to each other, …
Groundwater Inhabitants In Poland, Andrzej W. Skalski
Groundwater Inhabitants In Poland, Andrzej W. Skalski
International Journal of Speleology
This paper states the present progress achieved in research regarding the ground-water fauna of Poland.
The Effect Of Cave Entrances On The Distribution Of Cave-Inhabiting Terrestrial Arthropods, Stewart B. Peck
The Effect Of Cave Entrances On The Distribution Of Cave-Inhabiting Terrestrial Arthropods, Stewart B. Peck
International Journal of Speleology
Populations of cave invertebrates are generally considered to be food-limited. The cave entrance is a major source of food input into the community in the form of decaying organic matter. Thus, the densities of scavenging terrestrial cave invertebrates should be related to the distance from the cave entrance because this represents a measure of food abundance. A test showed this expectation to be true in Crossings Cave, Alabama. A population density peak occurred 10 m inside the cave where the dark zone and detritus infall regions meet. The greatest population peak occurred at 100 m where densities of crickets and …
Zwei Neue Pseudoskorpion-Arten (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) Aus Marokkanischen Höhlen, Volker Mahnert
Zwei Neue Pseudoskorpion-Arten (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones) Aus Marokkanischen Höhlen, Volker Mahnert
International Journal of Speleology
Chthonius (E.) longesetosus n. sp. (1 female) collected in the cave of Sidi Mejbur Tazas, and Allochernes maroccanus n. sp. (4 males 1 female 4 Tritonympha), collected in the cave of Caid (- 1fri et Caïd), Ait Mohammed, are described and figured. It is the first record of cave dwelling pseudoscorpions in Morocco aside from the publication of a Chthonius sp. from a cave near Taza.
Bragasellus Comasi N.Sp., Crustacea Isopoda Asellots Cavernicole D'Espagne Occidentale, Jean-Paul Henry, Guy Magniez
Bragasellus Comasi N.Sp., Crustacea Isopoda Asellots Cavernicole D'Espagne Occidentale, Jean-Paul Henry, Guy Magniez
International Journal of Speleology
This new, albinistic and anophtalmous Bragasellus has been collected in the waters of the Cova del Infierno (“Hell Cave”) near Covadonga, province of Asturias, Northwestern Spain.