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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Earth Sciences
Geophysical Signatures Of Disseminated Iron Minerals: A Proxy For Understanding Subsurface Biophysicochemical Processes, Gamal Z. Abdel Aal, Estella A. Atekwana, Andre Revil
Geophysical Signatures Of Disseminated Iron Minerals: A Proxy For Understanding Subsurface Biophysicochemical Processes, Gamal Z. Abdel Aal, Estella A. Atekwana, Andre Revil
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Previous studies have linked biogeophysical signatures to the presence of iron minerals resulting from distinct biophysicochemical processes. Utilizing geophysical methods as a proxy of such biophysicochemical processes requires an understanding of the geophysical signature of the different iron minerals. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the complex conductivity and magnetic susceptibility signatures of five iron minerals disseminated in saturated porous media under variable iron mineral content and grain size. Both pyrite and magnetite show high quadrature and inphase conductivities compared to hematite, goethite, and siderite, whereas magnetite was the highly magnetic mineral dominating the magnetic susceptibility measurements. The quadrature conductivity …
Seismic Imaging Of Mantle Transition Zone Discontinuities Beneath The Northern Red Sea And Adjacent Areas, A. A. Mohamed, Stephen S. Gao, A. A. Elsheikh, Kelly H. Liu, Youqiang Yu, R. E. Fat-Helbary
Seismic Imaging Of Mantle Transition Zone Discontinuities Beneath The Northern Red Sea And Adjacent Areas, A. A. Mohamed, Stephen S. Gao, A. A. Elsheikh, Kelly H. Liu, Youqiang Yu, R. E. Fat-Helbary
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The dramatic asymmetry in terms of surface elevation, Cenozoic volcanisms and earthquake activity across the Red Sea is an enigmatic issue in global tectonics, partially due to the unavailability of broad-band seismic data on the African Plate adjacent to the Red Sea. Here, we report the first comprehensive image of the mantle transition zone (MTZ) discontinuities using data from the Egyptian National Seismic Network, and compare the resulting depths of the 410 and 660-km discontinuities with those observed on the Arabian side. Our results show that when a standard earth model is used for time-to-depth conversion, the resulting depth of …
Mantle Transition Zone Discontinuities Beneath The Contiguous United States, Stephen S. Gao, Kelly H. Liu
Mantle Transition Zone Discontinuities Beneath The Contiguous United States, Stephen S. Gao, Kelly H. Liu
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Using over 310,000 high-quality radial receiver functions recorded by the USArray and other seismic stations in the contiguous United States, the depths of the 410 km and 660 km discontinuities (d410 and d660) are mapped in over 1,000 consecutive overlapping circles with a radius of 1⁰. The average mantle transition zone (MTZ) thickness for both the western and central/eastern U.S. is within 3 km from the global average of 250 km, suggesting an overall normal MTZ temperature beneath both areas. The Pacific Coast Ranges and the southern Basin and Range Province are underlain by a depressed d410, indicating higher-than-normal temperature …
Mechanistic Models Of Biofilm Growth In Porous Media, Priyank Jaiswal, K. Fathiya Al-Hadrami, Estella A. Atekwana, Eliot A. Atekwana
Mechanistic Models Of Biofilm Growth In Porous Media, Priyank Jaiswal, K. Fathiya Al-Hadrami, Estella A. Atekwana, Eliot A. Atekwana
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Nondestructive acoustics methods can be used to monitor in situ biofilm growth in porous media. In practice, however, acoustic methods remain underutilized due to the lack of models that can translate acoustic data into rock properties in the context of biofilm. In this paper we present mechanistic models of biofilm growth in porous media. The models are used to quantitatively interpret arrival times and amplitudes recorded in the 29 day long Davis et al. (2010) physical scale biostimulation experiment in terms of biofilm morphologies and saturation. The model pivots on addressing the sediment elastic behavior using the lower Hashin-Shtrikman bounds …
The Capacity Of Hydrous Fluids To Transport And Fractionate Incompatible Elements And Metals Within The Earth's Mantle, John Adam, Marek Locmelis, Juan Carlos Afonso, Tracy Rushmer, Marco L. Fiorentini
The Capacity Of Hydrous Fluids To Transport And Fractionate Incompatible Elements And Metals Within The Earth's Mantle, John Adam, Marek Locmelis, Juan Carlos Afonso, Tracy Rushmer, Marco L. Fiorentini
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Both silicate melts and aqueous fluids are thought to play critical roles in the chemical differentiation of the Earth's crust and mantle. Yet their relative effects are poorly constrained. We have addressed this issue by measuring partition coefficients for 50 trace and minor elements in experimentally produced aqueous fluids, coexisting basanite melts, and peridotite minerals. The experiments were conducted at 1.0-4.0 GPa and 950-1200°C in single capsules containing (either 40 or 50 wt %) H2O and trace element-enriched basanite glass. This allowed run products to be easily identified and analyzed by a combination of electron microprobe and LAM-ICP-MS. …
A Uniform Database Of Teleseismic Shear Wave Splitting Measurements For The Western And Central United States, Kelly H. Liu, Ahmed Elsheikh, Awas Lemnifi, Uranbaigal Purevsuren, Melissa Ray, Hesham Refayee, Bin B. Yang, Youqiang Yu, Stephen S. Gao
A Uniform Database Of Teleseismic Shear Wave Splitting Measurements For The Western And Central United States, Kelly H. Liu, Ahmed Elsheikh, Awas Lemnifi, Uranbaigal Purevsuren, Melissa Ray, Hesham Refayee, Bin B. Yang, Youqiang Yu, Stephen S. Gao
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
We present a shear wave splitting (SWS) database for the western and central United States as part of a lasting effort to build a uniform SWS database for the entire North America. The SWS measurements were obtained by minimizing the energy on the transverse component of the PKS, SKKS, and SKS phases. Each of the individual measurements was visually checked to ensure quality. This version of the database contains 16,105 pairs of splitting parameters. The data used to generate the parameters were recorded by 1774 digital broadband seismic stations over the period of 1989-2012, and represented all the available data …
Seismic Anisotropy And Subduction-Induced Mantle Fabrics Beneath The Arabian And Nubian Plates Adjacent To The Red Sea, Ahmed A. Elsheikh, Stephen S. Gao, Kelly H. Liu, Abdelnasser A. Mohamed, Youqiang Yu, Raafat E. Fat-Helbary
Seismic Anisotropy And Subduction-Induced Mantle Fabrics Beneath The Arabian And Nubian Plates Adjacent To The Red Sea, Ahmed A. Elsheikh, Stephen S. Gao, Kelly H. Liu, Abdelnasser A. Mohamed, Youqiang Yu, Raafat E. Fat-Helbary
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
For most continental areas, the mechanisms leading to mantle fabrics responsible for the observed anisotropy remain ambiguous, partially due to the lack of sufficient spatial coverage of reliable seismological observations. Here we report the first joint analysis of shear-wave splitting measurements obtained at stations on the Arabian and Nubian Plates adjacent to the Red Sea. More than 1100 pairs of high-quality splitting parameters show dominantly N-S fast orientations at all 47 stations and larger-than-normal splitting times beneath the Afro-Arabian Dome (AAD). The uniformly N-S fast orientations and large splitting times up to 1.5 s are inconsistent with significant contributions from …
Peritidal Carbonate Cycles Induced By Carbonate Productivity Variations: A Conceptual Model For An Isolated Early Triassic Greenhouse Platform In South China, Wan Yang, Daniel J. Lehrmann
Peritidal Carbonate Cycles Induced By Carbonate Productivity Variations: A Conceptual Model For An Isolated Early Triassic Greenhouse Platform In South China, Wan Yang, Daniel J. Lehrmann
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Eustasy has commonly been invoked to explain peritidal carbonate cyclicity, but is difficult to explain cycles formed in a greenhouse climate when eustasy is minimal. We propose that peritidal cycles on an Early Triassic isolated carbonate platform in Guizhou, South China, were formed by hierarchical carbonate productivity variations. Most of the 149 shallowing-upward cycles are typically terminated by flooding over intertidal facies and contain rare supratidal facies and no prolonged subaerial exposure. Low-diversity benthos in the platform interior during the post-end-Permian biotic recovery were sensitive to environmental perturbations, which caused variations in benthic sediment productivity in the subtidal carbonate factory. …
Receiver Function Constraints On Crustal Seismic Velocities And Partial Melting Beneath The Red Sea Rift And Adjacent Regions, Afar Depression, Cory A. Reed, Sattam Almadani, Stephen S. Gao, Ahmed A. Elsheikh, Solomon Cherie, Mohamed G. Abdel Salam, Allison K. Thurmond, Kelly H. Liu
Receiver Function Constraints On Crustal Seismic Velocities And Partial Melting Beneath The Red Sea Rift And Adjacent Regions, Afar Depression, Cory A. Reed, Sattam Almadani, Stephen S. Gao, Ahmed A. Elsheikh, Solomon Cherie, Mohamed G. Abdel Salam, Allison K. Thurmond, Kelly H. Liu
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
The Afar Depression is an ideal locale for the investigation of crustal processes involved in the transition from continental rifting to oceanic spreading. To provide relatively high resolution images of the crust beneath the Red Sea rift (RSR) represented by the Tendaho graben in the Afar Depression, we deployed an array of 18 broadband seismic stations in 2010 and 2011. Stacking of about 2300 receiver functions from the 18 and several nearby stations along the ~200 km long array reveals an average crustal thickness of 22 ± 4 km, ranging from ~17 km near the RSR axis to 30 km …
Seismic Anisotropy And Mantle Flow Beneath The Northern Great Plains Of North America, Bin B. Yang, Stephen S. Gao, Kelly H. Liu, Ahmed A. Elsheikh, Awad A. Lemnifi, Hesham A. Refayee, Youqiang Yu
Seismic Anisotropy And Mantle Flow Beneath The Northern Great Plains Of North America, Bin B. Yang, Stephen S. Gao, Kelly H. Liu, Ahmed A. Elsheikh, Awad A. Lemnifi, Hesham A. Refayee, Youqiang Yu
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
A diverse set of tectonic features and the recent availability of high-quality broadband seismic data from the USArray and other stations on the northern Great Plains of North America provide a distinct opportunity to test different anisotropy-forming mechanisms. A total of 4138 pairs of well-defined splitting parameters observed at 445 stations show systematic spatial variations of anisotropic characteristics. Azimuthally invariant fast orientations subparallel to the absolute plate motion (APM) direction are observed at most of the stations on the Superior Craton and the southern Yavapai province, indicating that a single layer of anisotropy with a horizontal axis of symmetry is …
Spectral Induced Polarization (Sip) Response Of Biodegraded Oil In Porous Media, Gamal Z. Abdel Aal, Estella A. Atekwana
Spectral Induced Polarization (Sip) Response Of Biodegraded Oil In Porous Media, Gamal Z. Abdel Aal, Estella A. Atekwana
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of different oil saturation (0.2- 0.8), wetting conditions (water-wet and oil-wet), and the addition of asphaltene on the spectral induced polarization (SIP) response of biodegraded and fresh crude oil in sand columns. In the water-wet case, no significant differences were observed for both the fresh and biodegraded oil and both displayed an increase in the magnitude of the phase (φ) and decrease in the magnitudes of the real (σ′) and imaginary (σ″) conductivity components with increasing oil saturation. In this instance the SIP response is most likely controlled by the conduction and …
High-Resolution Magnetic Susceptibility Measurements For Investigating Magnetic Mineral Formation During Microbial Mediated Iron Reduction, Estella A. Atekwana, Farag M. Mewafy, Gamal Z. Abdel Aal, D. Dale Werkema, Andre Revil, Lee D. Slater
High-Resolution Magnetic Susceptibility Measurements For Investigating Magnetic Mineral Formation During Microbial Mediated Iron Reduction, Estella A. Atekwana, Farag M. Mewafy, Gamal Z. Abdel Aal, D. Dale Werkema, Andre Revil, Lee D. Slater
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
Disimilatory iron-reducing bacteria play an important role in the reduction of Fe(hydr)oxides and the production of secondary solid-iron mineral phases that can have magnetic properties. Magnetic susceptibility can therefore play an important role in identifying zones where microbial-mediated iron reduction is occurring. We investigated the magnetic susceptibility variations in a hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifer where methanogenesis and iron reduction are the main biogeochemical processes. Our objectives are to (1) determine the variability of magnetic susceptibility, (2) determine the hydrobiogeochemical controls on the magnetic susceptibility variability, and (3) evaluate the use of magnetic susceptibility as a viable technique for identifying zones where the …
Modelling The Subsurface Geomorphology Or An Active Landslide Using Lidar, Norbert H. Maerz
Modelling The Subsurface Geomorphology Or An Active Landslide Using Lidar, Norbert H. Maerz
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
No abstract provided.
An Investigation Of Rock Fall And Pore Water Pressure Using Lidar In Highway 63 Rock Cuts, Norbert H. Maerz
An Investigation Of Rock Fall And Pore Water Pressure Using Lidar In Highway 63 Rock Cuts, Norbert H. Maerz
Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works
No abstract provided.