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Articles 1 - 13 of 13
Full-Text Articles in Chemistry
Synthesis Of Fluorescent Molecules And Their Applications As Viscosity Sensors, Metal Ion Indicators, And Near-Infrared Probes, Mengyuan Wang
Synthesis Of Fluorescent Molecules And Their Applications As Viscosity Sensors, Metal Ion Indicators, And Near-Infrared Probes, Mengyuan Wang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The primary focus of this dissertation is the development of novel fluorescent near-infrared molecules for various applications. In Chapter 1, a compound dU-BZ synthesized via Sonogashira coupling reaction methodology is described. A deoxyuridine building block was introduced to enhance hydrophilic properties and reduce toxicity, while an alkynylated benzothiazolium dye was incorporated for near-IR emission and reduce photodamage and phototoxicity that is characteristic of common fluorphores that are excited by UV or visible light. A 30-fold enhancement of fluorescence intensity of dU-BZ was achieved in a viscous environment. Values of fluorescence quantum yields in 99% glycerol/1% methanol (v/v) of varying temperature …
Degradation Of Hydrazine And Monomethylhydrazine For Fuel Waste Streams Using Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Carolina Franco
Degradation Of Hydrazine And Monomethylhydrazine For Fuel Waste Streams Using Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid, Carolina Franco
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKGA) is an organic acid important for the metabolism of essential amino acids as well as for the transfer of cellular energy. It is a precursor of glutamic acid which is produced by the human body during the Krebs Cycle. AKGA has a specific industrial interest as it can be taken as a dietary supplement and is also widely used as a building block in chemical synthesis. Collectively termed as hydrazine (HZs), hydrazine (HZ) and monomethylhydrazine (MMH) are hypergolic fuels that do not need an ignition source to burn. Because of the particular HZs' characteristics the National Aeronautics …
Novel Developments On The Extraction And Analysis Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Environmental Samples, Walter Wilson
Novel Developments On The Extraction And Analysis Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Environmental Samples, Walter Wilson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation focuses on the development of analytical methodology for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water samples. Chemical analysis of PAHs is of great environmental and toxicological importance. Many of them are highly suspect as etiological agents in human cancer. Among the hundreds of PAHs present in the environment, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) lists sixteen as "Consent Decree" priority pollutants. Their routine monitoring in environmental samples is recommended to prevent human contamination risks. A primary route of human exposure to PAHs is the ingestion of contaminated water. The rather low PAH concentrations in water samples …
Photo-Induced Protonation Of Polyaniline Composites And Mechanistic Study Of The Degradation Of Polychlorinated Biphenyls With Zero-Valent Magnesium, Candace Kirkland
Photo-Induced Protonation Of Polyaniline Composites And Mechanistic Study Of The Degradation Of Polychlorinated Biphenyls With Zero-Valent Magnesium, Candace Kirkland
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
As technology advances, a need for non-metal, conductive materials has arisen for several types of applications. Lithographic techniques are helpful to develop some of these applications. Such techniques require materials that are insulating and become conductive after irradiated. Composites of polyaniline in its emeraldine base form (PANI-EB) doped with photo-acid generators (PAG) become conductive upon photo-irradiation. This increase in conductivity is due to the protonation of PANI-EB. Such materials may be utilized to fabricate conducting patterns by photo-irradiation; however, the conductivity obtained by direct irradiation of PANI-EB/PAG composites is normally quite low (<10-3 S/cm) due to aggregation of highly loaded PAG. In this work, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), a proton transfer polymer, was added to PANI-EB/PAG. Results showed the addition of low molecular weight (MW) (550) PEG significantly enhanced the photo-induced conductivity to a level comparable to that of PANI-salt synthesized by oxidizing aniline in the presence of an acid. High MW (8000) PEG is less effective than PEG 550, and composites of PANI-EB and N-PEG-PANI showed conductivity as high as 102 S/cm after treatment with HCl vapor. The photo-induced conductivity of the N-PEG-PANI/PANI-EB/PAG composite reached 10-2-10-1 S/cm. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of chemicals with 209 different congeners, some of which are known carcinogens, and are persistent organic pollutants in the environment. After its synthesis, it was seen as a phenomenal additive in a multitude of different applications leading to the wide spread use of PCBs and a need for a safe, effective, and inexpensive remediation technique. While it is known that magnesium can degrade PCBs, the mechanism of this reaction was not well-understood. In order for magnesium to be broadly used as a remediation tool, it is necessary to fully understand how the reaction is taking place and if the PCBs are able to be fully dechlorinated into biphenyl. This research focuses on the hydrodechlorination of PCBs with zero-valent magnesium in acidified ethanol. The degradation pathways of 2, 2', 3, 5, 5', 6- hexachlorobiphenyl were investigated to determine the identity of the daughter PCBs produced, how and if they continue to be dechlorinated into biphenyl. The proton source for this hydrodehalogenation reaction was also studied using both deuterated solvent and acid to give more detail to the mechanism of this reaction.
Structural And Functional Studies Of Glycine Riboswitches And Development Of Fab Chaperone Assisted Rna Crystallography, Eileen Sherman
Structural And Functional Studies Of Glycine Riboswitches And Development Of Fab Chaperone Assisted Rna Crystallography, Eileen Sherman
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The glycine riboswitch is a structured RNA found upstream of genes in mRNA transcripts in many bacteria, functioning as a biofeedback gene regulator. Upon binding glycine, a complete RNA transcript including gene sequences is transcribed, effectively turning on gene expression. In an effort to understand the intricacies of its functioning, many mutants of the riboswitch were made and characterized during Ph. D. work, resulting in discovery of a P0 duplex/kink-turn motif involving a few nucleotides upstream of the established glycine riboswitch sequence which changed its ligand binding characteristics (Chapter 1). Previously, the two aptamers of the riboswitch were thought to …
Synthesis And Study Of Chemo-Hydrothermally Derived Water-Soluble Chitosan And Chiosan-Metal Oxide Composites, Srijita Basumallick
Synthesis And Study Of Chemo-Hydrothermally Derived Water-Soluble Chitosan And Chiosan-Metal Oxide Composites, Srijita Basumallick
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Chitosan (CS) is a man-made sugar based biopolymer derived from chitin, the second most abundant natural polymer after cellulose. Chitin is sourced from crustacean species such as shrimps and crabs. The chemical structure of chitin contains N-Acetyl D-glucosamine monomer units which forms CS upon deacetylation. In CS, ?-(1-4) linked D-glucosamine units are randomly distributed. Approximately 75% - 80% sugar units contains primary amine groups in commercially available low molecular weight CS. Biodegradability, low toxicity, mucoadhesive and transfecting properties of CS polymer are attractive for applications as oral and nasal drug delivery systems. Chitosan polymer is water insoluble at neutral pH. …
Application Of Two-Photon Absorbing Fluorene-Containing Compounds In Bioimaging And Photodyanimc Therapy, Xiling Yue
Application Of Two-Photon Absorbing Fluorene-Containing Compounds In Bioimaging And Photodyanimc Therapy, Xiling Yue
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Two-photon absorbing (2PA) materials has been widely studied for their highly localized excitation and nonlinear excitation efficiency. Application of 2PA materials includes fluorescence imaging, microfabrication, 3D data storage, photodynamic therapy, etc. Many materials have good 2PA photophysical properties, among which, the fluorenyl structure and its derivatives have attracted attention with their high 2PA cross-section and high fluorescence quantum yield. Herein, several compounds with 2PA properties are discussed. All of these compounds contain one or two fluorenyl core units as part of the conjugated system. The aim of this dissertation is to discuss the application of these compounds according to their …
Action Potentials As Indicators Of Metabolic Perturbations For Temporal Proteomic Analysis, Aditya Reddy Kolli
Action Potentials As Indicators Of Metabolic Perturbations For Temporal Proteomic Analysis, Aditya Reddy Kolli
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The single largest cause of compound attrition during drug development is due to inadequate tools capable of predicting and identifying protein interactions. Several tools have been developed to explore how a compound interferes with specific pathways. However, these tools lack the potential to chronically monitor the time dependent temporal changes in complex biochemical networks, thus limiting our ability to identify possible secondary signaling pathways that could lead to potential toxicity. To overcome this, we have developed an in silico neuronal-metabolic model by coupling the membrane electrical activity to intracellular biochemical pathways that would enable us to perform non-invasive temporal proteomics. …
1, 2, And 3 Dimension Carbon/Silicon Carbon Nitride Ceramic Composites, Flores Jean Calderon
1, 2, And 3 Dimension Carbon/Silicon Carbon Nitride Ceramic Composites, Flores Jean Calderon
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) are exceptional ultra-high temperature and stable multifunctional class of materials that can be synthesized from a polymer precursor through thermal decomposition. The presented research focuses on 1-D nanofibers, 2-D films and 3-D bulk, carbon-rich silicon carbon nitride (SiCN) ceramics. 1-D nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning for light weight, flame retardant and conductive applications. The commercially available CerasetTM VL20, a liquid cyclosilazane pre-ceramic precursor, was mixed with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in order to make the cyclosilazane electrospinnable. Carbon-rich PDC nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning various ratios of PAN/cyclosilazane solutions followed by pyrolysis. Surface morphology of the electro spun nanofibers …
Photoactivatable Organic And Inorganic Nanoparticles In Cancer Therapeutics And Biosensing, Mona Mathew
Photoactivatable Organic And Inorganic Nanoparticles In Cancer Therapeutics And Biosensing, Mona Mathew
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In photodynamic therapy a photosensitizer drug is administered and is irradiated with light. Upon absorption of light the photosensitizer goes into its triplet state and transfers energy or an electron to oxygen to form reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS react with biomolecules in cells leading to cell damage and cell death. PDT has interested many researchers because of its non-invasiveness as compared to surgery, it leaves little to no scars, it is time and cost effective, it has potential for targeted treatment, and can be repeated as needed. Different photosensitizers such as porphyrines, chlorophylls, and dyes have been used …
Multifunctional And Responsive Polyelectrolyte Nanostructures, Astha Malhotra
Multifunctional And Responsive Polyelectrolyte Nanostructures, Astha Malhotra
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
A polyelectrolyte complex is formed by mixing two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes in a solution. The electrostatic interactions between partially charged polymeric chains lead to the formation of a stable complex while avoiding the use of covalent cross linkers. Since complex formation can improve the stability of polyelectrolyte and metal ions in polyelectrolyte can provide various functionalities, PECs incorporated with metal ions are promising candidates for manufacturing stable and multifunctional structures. While the coordination of metal ions and polyelectrolytes has been extensively investigated in solutions and multilayer films, to our knowledge, no research has been performed to study the effect of …
Fluorescence Off-On Sensors For F-, K+, Fe3+, And Ca2+ Ions, Binglin Sui
Fluorescence Off-On Sensors For F-, K+, Fe3+, And Ca2+ Ions, Binglin Sui
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Fluorescence spectroscopy has been considered to be one of the most important research techniques in modern analytical chemistry, biochemistry, and biophysics. At present, fluorescence is a dominant methodology widely used in a great number of research domains, including biotechnology, medical diagnostics, genetic analysis, DNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and forensic analysis, to name just a few. In the past decade, with the rapid development of fluorescence microscopy, there has been a considerable growth in applying fluorescence technique to cellular imaging. The distinguished merits of fluorescence techniques, such as high sensitivity, non-invasiveness, low cytotoxicity, low cost, and convenience, make it a promising …
In Actu Et In Silicio: Linear And Nonlinear Photophysical Characterization Of A Novel Europium Complex, And Incorporating Computational Calculations In The Analysis Of Novel Organic Compounds, Adam Woodward
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Despite not being a tangible substance, light is becoming an increasingly valuable tool in numerous areas of science and technology: the use of laser excitation of a fluorescent probe can generate incredibly detailed images of cellular structures without the need for large amounts of dissection; new types of solar cells are being produced using organic dyes to harvest light; computer data can be stored by inducing a chemical change in a compound through irradiation with light. However, before any of these materials can be applied in such a way, their properties must first be analyzed for them to be deemed …