Chemistry Commons^™

Killing Cancer: Manipulating Hydrophobic Vanadium Complexes To Improve Anti-Cancer Activity, Levi Ausherman, Debbie C. Crans, Peter A. Lay, Maggi Braasch-Turi

SACAD: John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days

Hydrophobic vanadium complexes have recently shown improved anti-cancer activities compared to cisplatin. The hydrophobicity and anti-proliferative activity of [VO(Hshed)(dtb)] ([Hshed= N-(salicylideneaminato)-N’-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine and dtb= 3,5-di(tert-butyl)catechol)]) have inspired the development of a library of hydrophobic vanadium complexes. Increasing the steric bulk of the catechol ligand has been shown to have a direct impact on hydrophobicity and anti-proliferative activities. Currently at Fort Hays State University, the Braasch-Turi group is synthesizing VO(HSHED)(dtb) to build up material to support the chemical analysis and biological assay performed by our collaborators at Colorado State University and the University of Sydney, Australia, respectively. In the future, we plan …

Investigation Of Temporal Variation In Sediment Deposition Within The Tropical Wouri Estuary Cameroon Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Olumide Ajulo, Dr. Henry Agbogun, Dr. Hendratta Ali

SACAD: John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days

In this study, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to qualitatively analyze organic and mineral components of the sediment core collected from the Wouri Estuary. The FTIR spectra revealed distinct transmittance corresponding to different organic and mineral phases, allowing for the characterization of sediment composition. The FTIR spectra showed changes and variation progressively from the bottom to the top. These sediments are proxies for time this can be inferred to say deposition in the Wouri Estuary has always changed.

Unlocking The Secret To Weight Loss: Discovering The Most Effective Green Tea Products, Seoyeon Kim

SACAD: John Heinrichs Scholarly and Creative Activity Days

To find the most effective green tea product that can replace

weight loss drugs, we compared the amount of catechin in six

different green tea products. The result was green tea latte

powder contained a significantly small amount of catechin

compared to other products, and the dried pearl green tea leaves

had the highest amount of catechin. Also, the unexpected result

was that green tea supplements had less amount of catechin

compared to dried leaves or even tea bags that are commonly

sold in markets.

All-Atom Simulations Uncover Structural And Dynamical Properties Of Sting Proteins In The Membrane System, Rachel Payne, Silvia Crivelli, Masakatsu Watanabe Ph.D.

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Recent studies have shown that the stimulator of interferon gene (STING) protein plays a central role in the immune system by facilitating the production of Type I interferons in cells. The STING signaling pathway is also a prominent activator of cancer-killing T cells that initiates a powerful adaptive immune response. Since biomolecular signaling pathways are complicated and not easily identified through traditional experiments, molecular dynamics (MD) has often been used to study these biological pathways’ structural and dynamical responses. Here, we carried out MD simulations for full-length chicken and human STING (chSTING and hSTING) proteins. Specifically, we investigated ligand-bound closed …

Homo–Lumo Energy Gap Control In Platinum(Ii) Biphenyl Complexes Containing 2,2′-Bipyridine Ligands, D. Paul Rillema, Stanislav R. Stoyanov, Arvin Cruz Ph.D., Huy Nguyen, Curtis Moore, Wei Huang, Khamis Siam, Ali Jehan, Venugopal Komreddy

Chemistry Faculty Publications

A series of platinum(II) biphenyl 2,2’-bipyridine complexes containing electron-donating and electron-withdrawing moieties on the 4 and 4’ positions of the bipyridine ligand exhibit emission from excited states in the 600 nm region of the spectrum upon excitation in the metal-to-ligand charge transfer transition located near 450 nm. These complexes are distorted from planarity based on both single crystal structure determinations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations of isolated molecules in acetonitrile. The DFT also reveals the geometry of the lowest-lying triplet state (LLTS) of each complex that is important for emission behavior. The LLTS are assigned based on the electron …

Lagrangian Analysis Of Low Altitude Anthropogenic Plume Processing Across The North Atlantic, E. Real, K. S. Law, H. Schlager, A. Roiger, H. Huntrieser, J. Methven, M. Cain, J. Holloway, J. A. Neuman, T. Ryerson, F. Flocke, J. De Gouw, E. Atlas, S. Donnelly, D. Parrish

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The photochemical evolution of an anthropogenic plume from the New-York/Boston region during its transport at low altitudes over the North Atlantic to the European west coast has been studied using a Lagrangian framework. This plume, originally strongly polluted, was sampled by research aircraft just off the North American east coast on 3 successive days, and then 3 days downwind off the west coast of Ireland where another aircraft re-sampled a weakly polluted plume. Changes in trace gas concentrations during transport are reproduced using a photochemical trajectory model including deposition and mixing effects. Chemical and wet deposition processing dominated the evolution …

Biomass Burning And Anthropogenic Sources Of Co Over New England In The Summer 2004, Carsten Warneke, J. A. De Gouw, A. Stohl, O. R. Cooper, P. D. Goldan, W. C. Kuster, J. S. Holloway, E. J. Williams, B. M. Lerner, S. A. Mckeen, M. Trainer, F. C. Fehsenfeld, E. L. Atlas, Stephen G. Donnelly Ph.D., Verity Stroud, Amy Lueb, S. Kato

Chemistry Faculty Publications

During the summer of 2004 large wildfires were burning in Alaska and Canada, and part of the emissions were transported toward the northeast United States, where they were measured during the NEAQS-ITCT 2k4 (New England Air Quality Study-Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation) study on board the NOAA WP-3 aircraft and the NOAA research vessel Ronald H. Brown. Using acetonitrile and chloroform as tracers the biomass burning and the anthropogenic fraction of the carbon monoxide (CO) enhancement are determined. As much as 30% of the measured enhancement is attributed to the forest fires in Alaska and Canada transported into the region, …

Volatile Organic Compounds Composition Of Merged And Aged Forest Fire Plumes From Alaska And Western Canada, Joost A. De Gouw, C. Warneke, A. Stohl, A. G. Wollny, C. A. Brock, O. R. Cooper, J. S. Holloway, M. Trainer, F. C. Fehsenfeld, E. L. Atlas, Stephen G. Donnelly Ph.D., V. Stroud, A. Lueb

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The NOAA WP-3 aircraft intercepted aged forest fire plumes from Alaska and western Canada during several flights of the NEAQS-ITCT 2k4 mission in 2004. Measurements of acetonitrile (CH3CN) indicated that the air masses had been influenced by biomass burning. The locations of the plume intercepts were well described using emissions estimates and calculations with the transport model FLEXPART. The best description of the data was generally obtained when FLEXPART injected the forest fire emissions to high altitudes in the model. The observed plumes were generally drier than the surrounding air masses at the same altitude, suggesting that the fire plumes …

Nocturnal Odd-Oxygen Budget And Its Implications For Ozone Loss In The Lower Troposphere, Steven S. Brown, J. A. Neuman, T. B. Ryerson, M. Trainer, W. P. Dubé, J. S. Holloway, C. Warneke, J. A. De Gouw, Stephen G. Donnelly Ph.D., E. Atlas, B. Matthew, A. M. Middlebrook, R. Peltier, R. J. Weber, A. Stohl, J. F. Meagher, F. C. Fehsenfeld, A. R. Ravishankara

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Nitrogen oxides are important to the regulation of ozone throughout the Earth's atmosphere. Of particular interest for regional air quality is photochemical production and nocturnal destruction Of O3 in the lower troposphere in high NOx(=NO + NO2) environments. Nocturnal tropospheric odd oxygen (Ox), defined as O3 + NO2 + 2NO3 + 3N2O5, is used to assess the impact of NOx emissions on nocturnal O3 loss. Recent aircraft measurements of the components of Ox and HNO3 yield a detailed accounting of the nocturnal Ox budget in a regionally polluted environment. The analysis demonstrates the role of NO3 and N2O5 reactions in …

An Investigation Of The Chemistry Of Ship Emission Plumes During Itct 2002, G. Chen, L. G. Huey, M. Trainer, D. Nicks, J. Corbett, T. Ryerson, D. Parrish, J. A. Neuman, J. Nowak, D. Tanner, J. Holloway, C. Brock, J. Crawford, J. R. Olson, A. Sullivan, R. Weber, S. Schauffler, Stephen G. Donnelly Ph.D., E. Atlas, J. Roberts, F. Flocke, G. Hübler, F. Fehsenfeld

Chemistry Faculty Publications

A ship emission plume experiment was conducted about 100 km off the California coast during the NOAA Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation (ITCT) 2K2 airborne field campaign. Measurements of chemical species were made from the NOAA WP-3D aircraft in eight consecutive transects of a ship plume around midday during 2.5 hours of flight. The measured species include NOx, HNO3, peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN), SO2, H2SO4, O3, CO, CO2, nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and particle number and size distributions. Observations demonstrate a NOx lifetime of ∼1.8 hours inside the ship plume compared to ∼6.5 hours (at noontime) in the moderately polluted background marine boundary …

Changes In The Photochemical Environment Of The Temperate North Pacific Troposphere In Response To Increased Asian Emissions, D. D. Parrish, E. J. Dunlea, E. L. Atlas, S. Schauffler, Stephen G. Donnelly Ph.D., V. Stroud, A. H. Goldstein, D. B. Millet, M. Mckay, D. A. Jaffe, H. U. Price, P. G. Hess, F. Flocke, J. M. Roberts

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Measurements during the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002 (ITCT 2K2) field study characterized the springtime, eastern Pacific ozone distribution at two ground sites, from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP-3D aircraft, and from a light aircraft operated by the University of Washington. D. Jaffe and colleagues compared the 2002 ozone distribution with measurements made in the region over the two previous decades and show that average ozone levels over the eastern midlatitude Pacific have systematically increased by ∼10 ppbv in the last two decades. Here we provide substantial evidence that a marked change in the photochemical environment in …

Gas-Phase Chemical Characteristics Of Asian Emission Plumes Observed During Itct 2k2 Over The Eastern North Pacific Ocean, J. B. Nowak, D. D. Parrish, J. A. Neuman, J. S. Holloway, O. R. Cooper, T. B. Ryerson, Jr K. Nicks, F. Flocke, J. M. Roberts, E. Atlas, J. A. De Gouw, Stephen G. Donnelly Ph.D., E. Dunlea, G. Hübler, L. G. Huey, S. Schauffler, D. J. Tanner, C. Warneke, F. C. Fehsenfeld

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The gas-phase chemical characteristics of emission plumes transported from Asia across the Pacific Ocean observed during the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation experiment in 2002 (ITCT 2K2) are described. Plumes measured in the troposphere from an aircraft were separated from the background air in data analysis using 1-s measurements of carbon monoxide (CO), total reactive nitrogen (NOy), and other gasphase species along with back trajectory analysis. On the basis of these measurements, Asian transport plumes with CO mixing ratios greater than 150 ppbv were observed on seven flights. Correlations between 1-s observations of CO, ozone (O3), and NOy are used …

Chemical Composition Of Air Masses Transported From Asia To The U.S. West Coast During Itct 2k2: Fossil Fuel Combustion Versus Biomass-Burning Signatures, J. A. De Gouw, O. R. Cooper, C. Warneke, P. K. Hudson, F. C. Fehsenfeld, J. S. Holloway, G. Hübler, Jr K. Nicks, J. B. Nowak, D. D. Parrish, T. B. Ryerson, E. L. Atlas, Stephen G. Donnelly Ph.D., S. M. Schauffler, V. Stroud, K. Johnson, G. R. Carmichael, D. G. Streets

Chemistry Faculty Publications

As part of the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation experiment in 2002 (ITCT 2K2), a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP-3D research aircraft was used to study the long-range transport of Asian air masses toward the west coast of North America. During research flights on 5 and 17 May, strong enhancements of carbon monoxide (CO) and other species were observed in air masses that had been transported from Asia. The hydrocarbon composition of the air masses indicated that the highest CO levels were related to fossil fuel use. During the flights on 5 and 17 May and other days, …

Multiscale Simulations Of Tropospheric Chemistry In The Eastern Pacific And On The U.S. West Coast During Spring 2002, Youhua Tang, Gregory R. Carmichael, Larry W. Horowitz, Itsushi Uno, Jung Hun Woo, David G. Streets, Donald Dabdub, Gakuji Kurata, Adrian Sandu, James Allan, Elliot Atlas, Frank Flocke, Lewis Gregory Huey, Roger O. Jakoubek, Dylan B. Millet, Patricia K. Quinn, James M. Roberts, Douglas R. Worsnop, Allen Goldstein, Stephen G. Donnelly Ph.D., Sue Schauffler, Verity Stroud, Kristen Johnson, Melody A. Avery, Hanwant B. Singh, Eric C. Apel

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Regional modeling analysis for the Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002 (ITCT 2K2) experiment over the eastern Pacific and U.S. West Coast is performed using a multiscale modeling system, including the regional tracer model Chemical Weather Forecasting System (CFORS), the Sulfur Transport and Emissions Model 2003 (STEM-2K3) regional chemical transport model, and an off-line coupling with the Model of Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers (MOZART) global chemical transport model. CO regional tracers calculated online in the CFORS model are used to identify aircraft measurement periods with Asian influences. Asian-influenced air masses measured by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) …

Effect Of Petrochemical Industrial Emissions Of Reactive Alkenes And NoX On Tropospheric Ozone Formation In Houston, Texas, T. B. Ryerson, M. Trainer, W. M. Angevine, C. A. Brock, R. W. Dissly, F. C. Fehsenfeld, G. J. Frost, P. D. Goldan, J. S. Holloway, G. Hübler, R. O. Jakoubek, W. C. Kuster, J. A. Neuman, D. K. Nicks, D. D. Parrish, J. M. Roberts, D. T. Sueper, E. L. Atlas, Stephen G. Donnelly Ph.D., F. Flocke, A. Fried, W. T. Potter, S. Schauffler, V. Stroud, A. J. Weinheimer, B. P. Wert, C. Wiedinmyer, R. J. Alvarez, R. M. Banta, L. S. Darby, C. J. Senff

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Petrochemical industrial facilities can emit large amounts of highly reactive hydrocarbons and NOx to the atmosphere; in the summertime, such colocated emissions are shown to consistently result in rapid and efficient ozone (O3) formation downwind. Airborne measurements show initial hydrocarbon reactivity in petrochemical source plumes in the Houston, TX, metropolitan area is primarily due to routine emissions of the alkenes propene and ethene. Reported emissions of these highly reactive compounds are substantially lower than emissions inferred from measurements in the plumes from these sources. Net O3 formation rates and yields per NOx molecule oxidized in these petrochemical industrial source plumes …

Chlorine Budget And Partitioning During The Stratospheric Aerosol And Gas Experiment (Sage) Iii Ozone Loss And Validation Experiment (Solve), S. M. Schauffler, E. L. Atlas, Stephen G. Donnelly Ph.D., A. Andrews, S. A. Montzka, J. W. Elkins, D. F. Hurst, P. A. Romashkin, G. S. Dutton, V. Stroud

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The amount of chlorine in the stratosphere has a direct influence on the magnitude of chlorine-catalyzed ozone loss. A comprehensive suite of organic source gases of chlorine in the stratosphere was measured during the NASA Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) campaign in the arctic winter of 2000. Measurements included chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), halon 1211, solvents, methyl chloride, N2O, and CH4. Inorganic chlorine contributions from each compound were calculated using the organic chlorine measurements, mean age of air, tropospheric trends, and a method to account for mixing in the stratosphere. Total organic …

Particle Growth In Urban And Industrial Plumes In Texas, Charles A. Brock, Michael Trainer, Thomas B. Ryerson, J. Andrew Neuman, David D. Parrish, John S. Holloway, Dennis K. Nicks, Gregory J. Frost, Gerhard Hübler, Fred C. Fehsenfeld, J. Charles Wilson, J. Michael Reeves, Bernard G. Lafleur, Henrike Hilbert, Elliot L. Atlas, Stephen G. Donnelly Ph.D., Sue M. Schauffler, Verity R. Stroud, Christine Wiedinmyer

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Particle size distributions and gas-phase particle precursors and tracer species were measured aboard an aircraft in the plumes downwind from industrial and urban sources in the vicinity of Houston, TX during the daytime in late August and early September 2000. Plumes originating from the Parish gas-fired and coal-fired power plant, petrochemical industries along the Houston ship channel, the petrochemical facilities near the Gulf coast, and the urban center of Houston were studied. Most of the particle mass flux advected downwind of Houston came from the industries and electrical utilities at the periphery of the city rather than from sources in …

Jno2 At High Solar Zenith Angles In The Lower Stratosphere, R. S. Gao, L. A. Del Negro, W. H. Swartz, R. J. Salawitch, S. A. Lloyd, M. H. Proffitt, D. W. Fahey, Stephen G. Donnelly Ph.D., J. A. Neuman, R. M. Stimpfle, T. P. Bui

Chemistry Faculty Publications

In situ measurements of NO, NO2, O3, HO2, C1O, pressure, and temperature have been made at high solar zenith angles (SZA, 70° - 93°) in the lower stratosphere. These measurements are used to derive the photolysis rate of NO2, JNO2, using a time-dependent method. The resultant JNO2 values and the results of a multiple-scattering actinic flux model show a linear relationship throughout the SZA range. The difference of the two sets of JNO2 values of about 11% suggests that the model scattering calculation is very accurate at high SZA conditions near sunrise and sunset.

Observations Of Apan During Texaqs 2000, James M. Roberts, Frank Flocke, Andrew Weinheimer, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Bertram T. Jobson, Daniel Riemer, Eric Apel, Elliot Atlas, Stephen G. Donnelly Ph.D., Verity Stroud, Kristen Johnson, Rachel Weaver, Fredrick C. Fehsenfeld

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Measurements of peroxycarboxylic nitric anhydrides (PANs) made in Houston, Texas during TexAQS (Texas Air Quality Study) 2000 showed a relatively abundant PAN compound that had not been identified in previous studies in North America [cf. Williams et al., 2000]. This compound was hypothesized to be peroxyacrylic nitric anhydride { CH2=CHC(O)OONO2, APAN} based on the work of Tanimoto and Akimoto, [2001]. APAN was synthesized and characterized on one of the two GC systems used to make those measurements, subsequent to the TexAQS 2000 field study, confirming that APAN was observed during TexAQS 2000, both on the ground and in airborne measurements. …

Subsidence, Mixing, And Denitrification Of Arctic Polar Vortex Air Measured During Polaris, M. Rex, R. J. Salawitch, G. C. Toon, B. Sen, J. J. Margitan, G. B. Osterman, J. F. Blavier, R. S. Gao, Stephen G. Donnelly Ph.D., E. Keim, J. Neuman, D. W. Fahey, C. R. Webster, D. C. Scott, R. L. Herman, R. D. May, E. J. Moyer, M. R. Gunson, F. W. Irion, A. Y. Chang, C. P. Rinsland, T. P. Bui

Chemistry Faculty Publications

We determine the degree of denitrification that occurred during the 1996-1997 Arctic winter using a technique that is based on balloon and aircraft borne measurements of NOy, N2O, and CH4. The NOy/N2O relation can undergo significant change due to isentropic mixing of subsided vortex air masses with extravortex air due to the high nonlinearity of the relation. These transport related reductions in NOy can be difficult to distinguish from the effects of denitrification caused by sedimentation of condensed HNO3. In this study, high-altitude balloon measurements are used to define the properties of air masses that later descend in the polar …

No(Y) Partitioning From Measurements Of Nitrogen And Hydrogen Radicals In The Upper Troposphere, E. R. Keim, S. A. Mckeen, R. S. Gao, Stephen G. Donnelly Ph.D., R. C. Wamsley, L. A. Del Negro, D. W. Fahey, T. F. Hanisco, E. J. Lanzendorf, M. H. Proffitt, J. J. Margitan, E. J. Hintsa, L. Jaeglé, C. R. Webster, R. D. May, D. C. Scott, R. J. Salawitch, J. C. Wilson, C. T. Mcelroy, E. L. Atlas, F. Flocke, T. P. Bui

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Recent studies using NO, NO(y), OH and HO2 (HO(X)) observations have postulated acetone and convection of peroxides as significant sources of HO(X) in the upper troposphere (UT). This work focuses on the effect these additional HO(X) sources have on the modeled NO(y) partitioning and comparisons of the modeled NO(x)/NO(y) ratio to observations. The measured NO(x)/NO(y) ratio is usually much higher than predicted regardless of the presence of acetone in the model. The exception occurs for air parcels having low NO(y) and O3 values. For these air parcels the measured NO(x)/NO(y) ratio is much lower than the calculated ratio unless acetone …

A Comparison Of Observations And Model Simulations Of NoX/NoY In The Lower Stratosphere, R. S. Gao, D. W. Fahey, L. A. Del Negro, Stephen G. Donnelly Ph.D., E. R. Keim, J. A. Neuman, E. Teverovskaia, P. O. Wennberg, T. F. Hanisco, E. J. Lanzendorf, M. H. Proffitt, J. J. Margitan, J. C. Wilson, J. W. Elkins, R. M. Stimpfle, R. C. Cohen, C. T. Mcelroy, T. P. Bui, R. J. Salawitch, S. S. Brown, A. R. Ravishankara, R. W. Portmann, M. K.W. Ko, D. K. Weisenstein, P. A. Newman

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Extensive airborne measurements of the reactive nitrogen reservoir (NOy) and its component nitric oxide (NO) have been made in the lower stratosphere. Box model simulations that are constrained by observations of radical and long-lived species and which include heterogeneous chemistry systematically underpredict the NOx (= NO + NO2) to NOy ratio. The model agreement is substantially improved if newly measured rate coefficients for the OH + NO2 and OH + HNO3 reactions are used. When included in 2-D models, the new rate coefficients significantly increase the calculated ozone loss due to NOx and modestly change the calculated ozone abundances in …

Comparison Between Dc-8 And Er-2 Species Measurements In The Tropical Middle Troposphere: No, NoY, O3, Co2, Ch4, And N2O, A. J. Weinheimer, D. D. Montzka, T. L. Campos, J. G. Walega, B. A. Ridley, Stephen G. Donnelly Ph.D., E. R. Keim, L. A. Del Negro, M. H. Proffitt, J. J. Margitan, K. A. Boering, A. E. Andrews, B. C. Daube, S. C. Wofsy, B. E. Anderson, J. E. Collins, G. W. Sachse, S. A. Vay, J. W. Elkins, P. R. Wamsley, E. L. Atlas, F. Flocke, S. Schauffler, C. R. Webster, R. D. May, M. Loewenstein, J. R. Podolske, T. P. Bui, K. R. Chan, S. W. Bowen, M. R. Schoeberl, L. R. Lait

Chemistry Faculty Publications

We compare measurements of six species taken aboard NASA DC-8 and ER-2 aircraft during two flight legs in the tropical middle troposphere near Hawaii. NO, NOy, O3, CH4, and N2O measurements agree to within the limits set by the known systematic errors. For CO2, which can be measured with better relative precision than the other five species, differences in measured values from the two platforms are slightly larger than expected if the air masses sampled by the two aircraft were indeed similar in CO2 composition to better than 0.08%. Copyright 1998 by the American Geophysical Union.

Partitioning Of The Reactive Nitrogen Reservoir In The Lower Sratosphere Of The Southern Hemisphere: Observations And Modeling, R. S. Gao, D. W. Fahey, R. J. Salawitch, S. A. Lloyd, D. E. Anderson, R. Demajistre, C. T. Mcelroy, E. L. Woodbridge, R. C. Wamsley, S. G. Donnelly, L. A. Del Negro, M. H. Proffitt, R. M. Stimpfle, D. W. Kohn, S. R. Kawa, L. R. Lait, M. Loewenstein, J. R. Podolske, E. R. Keim, J. E. Dye, J. C. Wilson, K. R. Chan

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Measurements of nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and total reactive nitrogen (NOy = NO + NO2 + NO3 + HNO3 + ClONO2 + 2N2O5 + ...) were made during austral fall, winter, and spring 1994 as part of the NASA Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone Experiment/Measurements for Assessing the Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft mission. Comparisons between measured NO2 values and those calculated using a steady state (SS) approximation are presented for flights at mid and high latitudes. The SS results agree with the measurements to within 8%, suggesting that the kinetic rate coefficients and calculated NO2 photolysis rate used in …

The Role Of HoX In Super- And Subsonic Aircraft Exhaust Plumes, T. F. Hanisco, P. O. Wennberg, R. C. Cohen, J. G. Anderson, D. W. Fahey, E. R. Keim, R. S. Gao, R. C. Wamsley, Stephen G. Donnelly Ph.D., L. A. Del Negro, R. J. Salawitch, K. K. Kelly, M. H. Proffitt

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The generation of sulfuric acid aerosols in aircraft exhaust has emerged as a critical issue in determining the impact of supersonic aircraft on stratospheric ozone. It has long been held that the first step in the mechanism of aerosol formation is the oxidation of SO2 emitted from the engine by OH in the exhaust plume. We report in situ measurements of OH and HO2 in the exhaust plumes of a supersonic (Air France Concorde) and a subsonic (NASA ER-2) aircraft in the lower stratosphere. These measurements imply that reactions with OH are responsible for oxidizing only a small fraction of …

Proper Mixtures Of Ellis County Soils For Adobe Construction, And Their Physical Properties Part Ii, Buster Wayne Read, W. G. Read, H. A. Zinszer

Fort Hays Studies Series

Houses made of soil have been built for centuries, but until recently the trend had been away from soil to some other building material. Now, however, adobe is again beginning to be recognized as a satisfactory, reliable building material for our time.

Proper Mixtures Of Ellis County Soils For Adobe Construction, And Their Physical Properties, Buster Wayne Read, W. G. Read, H. A. Zinszer

Fort Hays Studies Series

This paper deals with the adobe strategy of construction which is mixing and puddling the materials to be applied to a sun-dried brick or to a structure of that material. The work was divided into three main parts: (1) Survey of Ellis County Soils; (2) Selection of soil material with respect to shrinkage; and (3) Treatment of soils with respect to waterproofing.

A Determination Of The Decomposition Potential Of Sulfamic Acid And Certain Of Its Metallic Salts, Francis J. Shell

Master's Theses

The present investigation of decomposition potentials, or the potential where continuous electrolysis begins, was suggested by a paper by Choguill (5) on the electrodeposition of some metals from solutions of their sulfamates. Sulfamic acid or amidosulfonic acid H2N•SO2•OH is a strong inorganic acid obtained from chlorosulfonic acid and ammonia, or by heating urea with fuming sulfuric acid. The latter process is now used on a commercial scale. The acid forms white or colorless non-hygroscopic crystals that are stable when dry but in solution at elevated temperatures it slowly hydrolyzes forming ammonium bisulfate.

A Study Of Aldehyde Derivatives Of Metallic Sulfamates., Edmond A. Morin

Master's Theses

Sulfamic acid at one time had no particular value, and very little was known about the physical and chemical properties of this acid. At the present time , however, this acid is a commercial product of considerable importance and extensive investigation has been conducted to discover its many chemical properties. A very interesting group of compounds derived from sulfamates are the aldehyde addition products. The aldehyde derivatives of calcium sulfamate were studied and had a particular interest because of their greater stability, especially in the isolated, solid form. The aldehyde addition products of calcium studied included benzaldehyde, furfuraldehyde, for aldehyde, …

The Reactions Of Ethyl Acetoacetate With Certain Halogen Derivatives Of Alcohols, Harold E. Sullivan

Master's Theses

Chemical literature records many series of compounds produced by the acetoacetic ester synthesis, but in no instance is combination of the acetoacetic ester with the halogenated alcohols, of which the chlorohydrins are examples, mentioned. The products of these reactions are substituted derivatives of the· acetoacetic ester. These products yield, upon hydrolysis, hydroxy-ketones. These acids and ketones may serve as intermediates for synthesizing other compounds. Many compounds which have medicinal value, such as pyrazolones and other ring compounds, may be synthesized from the acetoacetic ester derivatives. 'This study of the reactions of the acetoacetic ester with certain halogen derivatives of alcohols …