Chemistry Commons^™

Analysis Of The Effect Of Different Surface Preparation Methods On Corrosion Resistance And Adhesion Strength Of Astm A36 Steel Substrate With Surface Tolerant Epoxy Paint As Coating Material, Irwan Wijaya Santoso, Daffa Aqila, Rini Riastuti, Rizal Tresna Ramadhani

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

In the industrial world, to extend the service life of materials, protection methods are carried out to slow down the material's corrosion rate. The protection method that is often used is the coating method. The coating method is a protection method by coating the substrate material using a coating material to prevent contact between the substrate material and the environment. In this research, the substrate material used is ASTM A36 steel and the coating material used is Surface Tolerant Epoxy paint. The independent variable used in this study lies in the surface preparation method which consists of: solvent cleaning, hand …

Corrosion Case Study On Pipeline, Kangze Ren

Corrosion Research

The Kashagan pipeline leaks were likely caused by sulfur stress corrosion cracking, a combined corrosion mechanism developed by the presence of high pressure, the high level of hydrogen sulfide(the main "ingredient" of sour gas), and poor metallurgical choice. Improper welding and poor metallurgical examination were blamed for causing the leaking issue. The purpose of the current review is to raise the alarm about the inappropriate corrosion management of Kashagan oil production and its societal and environmental consequences.

The Impact Of Lead Corrosion Relating To The Contamination Of Drinking Water In Canada And In Indigenous Communities., Jessie A. Mcdonald

Corrosion Research

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Lead Corrosion Relating To The Contamination Of Drinking Water In Canada And In Indigenous Communities., Jessie A. Mcdonald

Corrosion Research

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Hydrogen Peroxide On The Corrosion Dynamics Of Carbon Steel, Kwang Soak Gabriel O'Donnell

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The Used Fuel Container (UFC) is a key barrier in Canada’s nuclear fuel disposal plan. Understanding the radiation-induced corrosion of the carbon steel (CS) vessel is critical for predicting the long-term integrity of the UFC. Developing a mechanistic understanding of CS corrosion and the effect of solution parameters is essential.

This work investigates the effects of H₂O₂, the key radiolytic oxidant, on CS corrosion dynamics in small, stagnant solutions. Elementary processes are identified, corrosion rates are calculated, and the effects of H₂O₂ concentration are investigated. Corrosion was studied by quantifying the concentrations of …

The Study Of Corrosion On Additive-Manufactured Metals., Braydan Daniels

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the corrosion mechanisms between wrought and additive-manufactured (3D-printed) copper and stainless steel. The experimental procedure consisted of measuring the open circuit potential, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry, Tafel analysis, surface topology, and scanning electron microscopy for each metal within salt water, tap water, sulfuric acid, and synthetic body fluid (excluding copper in synthetic body fluid).

Overall, printed stainless steel was more corrosion-resistant than wrought stainless steel in tap water and synthetic body fluid based on OCP, LSV, and surface topology results. Additionally, printed copper was more corrosion-resistant than wrought …

Carbon Dioxide-Induced Corrosion Of Aisi 4140 Steel In Acidified Artificial Geothermal Brine, Anawati Anawati, Rayhan Izzat, Riene Kaelamanda Pragitta, Rafli Ihsan Hernandi

Makara Journal of Science

Carbon dioxide (CO₂)-induced corrosion often occurs in the structural materials of geothermal industry. The presence of CO₂ influences the formation of various corrosion products. This research investigates the effect of dissolved CO₂ in acidic brines on the corrosion behavior of AISI 4140 steel at atmospheric pressure. The brines were the standard brine, Ca-free brine, and high-salinity brine. The corrosion behavior was studied using electrochemical and immersion tests. A cyclic polarization test showed that the corrosion rate was higher in dissolved CO₂ brine than in non-CO₂ brine, and an immersion test demonstrated a similar result. …

Characterization Of Deposited Copper Oxide Films On Copper Substrates, Millicent Castillo

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The deposition of copper oxide films on copper substrates was investigated by the electrochemical, thermal, and hydrothermal oxidation of copper. The formed oxides were characterized using various surface analytical techniques to determine the film’s morphology, composition, and thickness. The results show that by growing oxides electrochemically, a duplex layer composing of CuO and Cu₂O film was formed on the copper surface, having characteristics of being porous and possessing needle-like structures. An oxide film composed of CuO and Cu₂O, which shows minimal porosity and possess mixtures of crystalline and non-crystalline structures, is formed on the copper surface …

Development Of Battery Materials To Function As Corrosion Protection On Car Body Plates, Tubagus Noor Rohmannudin, Sulistijono Sulistijono, Noval Adrinanda, Faridz Wira Dharma, Samuel Areliano

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

Most car bodies made for mass production are made from steel or aluminum. Both are strong metals, but steel is cheaper than aluminum and is more commonly used in lower-end cars for a broader consumer range. The weakness of steel compared to aluminum is that it is susceptible to corrosion under certain conditions, and thus it may deteriorate over time without proper care. To prevent corrosion, modern cars are coated with paint to prevent direct contact with the environment. As a second line of protection, a car battery can be connected to the body to create an impressed current cathodic …

Intergranular And Pitting Corrosion Mechanisms Of Sensitized Aluminum Alloy Aa5083, Clayton Egleston

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The motivation and objectives of this project is to examine the mechanisms of intergranular corrosion (IGC) and pitting corrosion of sensitized AA5083. In this regard, different characterization techniques were used, including optical analysis of microstructure, cyclic potentiodynamic polarization with Tafel fitting, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with electrical equivalent circuit (EEC) fitting, and potentiostatic current transient monitoring. The transition from IGC to pitting corrosion occurs when the grain boundaries become saturated with the β-phase (Mg₂Al₃). It was found that AA5083 becomes more vulnerable to pitting corrosion as the degree of sensitization increases.

Near-Ir Laser Ablation Of Simulated Radiologically Contaminated Oxides On Carbon Steel Feeder Pipes, Thao Viet Do

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

As nuclear power plants age and retire from service, many countries face significant challenges concerning the safe long-term storage and disposal of large volumes of low and intermediate level radioactive wastes (L&ILW). The volumes of metallic waste are of particular concern, as when metal corrodes it produces hydrogen that could lead to pressure build-up in interim storage and disposal. In Canada, a significant fraction of the metallic wastes for Canada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) nuclear reactors are out-of-core reactor components, such as carbon steel (CS) feeder pipes. The radioactive contamination is expected to be largely confined to the surface oxide layers …

An Investigation On The Interface Corrosion Behaviors Of Cobalt Interconnects In Chemical Mechanical Polishing Slurry, Kai-Xuan Qin, Peng-Fei Chang, Yu-Lin Huang, Ming Li, Tao Hang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Cobalt is widely regarded as the most promising interconnect material for 10 nm node and beyond. The development of a chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) slurry suitable for cobalt interconnect is a critical component for the application of cobalt interconnect. During CMP process of the interconnect layer, the achievement of high-quality surface after planarization is greatly challenged by the metal corrosion in CMP slurry. In this contribution, the corrosion behavior of cobalt in a slurry with potassium persulfate (KPS) as an oxidizer, glycine as a complexing agent, and benzotriazole (BTA) as an inhibitor was investigated. Static erosion rates (SER) of cobalt …

The Immobilization Of Ticagrelor On Implant Materials And Corrosion And Biofouling Inhibition By Novel Layered Polymer Thin Films For Marine Application, Tell Lovelace

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Percutaneous coronary interventions are a widely used cardiovascular surgery which is typically accompanied by the insertion of a vascular stent. After the procedure patients are put on dual anti-platelet therapy (DAPT) to prevent stent thrombosis, a common complication to this procedure in which platelets aggregate in the blood vessel on the inserted stent. Systemic deactivation of platelets in patients via oral DAPT results in patients becoming bleeding risks in future medical procedures, necessitating the development of a localized delivery system for anti-platelet medications from the surface of the stent. A novel anti-thrombogenic vascular stent coating has been prepared by covalent …

Control Of Corrosion On Ss316l Using Surface Initiated Polymers, Alexander Rupprecht

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Pitting corrosion is arguably one of the most destructive and dangerous forms of corrosion, resulting in damage to structures, the environment, and public health. In addition, damage caused to structures such as bridges, pipelines, and boats, corrosion also has a profound effect on the biomedical community. Implanted metallic devices (i.e., vascular stents and artificial joints) are prone to pitting corrosion caused by aggressive ions present in extracellular fluid. To provide a corrosion-resistant surface on SS316L, films of poly(styrene), poly(methyl acrylate), and poly(methyl methacrylate) were formed using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). The resulting hydrophobic polymer films had a fractional …

The Electrochemical And Corrosion Study Of Copper For Nuclear Waste Containers Under Deep Geological Disposal Conditions, Mengnan Guo

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The proposed method for the safe disposal of Swedish, Finnish, and Canadian high-level nuclear waste (HLNW) is to isolate it in iron or steel containers with an outer copper (Cu) shell or coating and bury it in a deep geological repository (DGR). Copper has been selected as the corrosion barrier due to its stability in the aqueous anoxic environments anticipated in DGR conditions. The container will initially be exposed to humid aerated conditions which will evolve to cool and anoxic as radiation fields in the fuel decay and heat production ceases. When the DGR is cool and anoxic, sulphide (SH …

Nonlinear Dynamics Of Carbon Steel Corrosion Under Gamma Radiation, Youn Gyeong Shin

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Corrosion of materials is still an unresolved problem affecting a multitude of industries. One of the grand challenges facing the corrosion community is the development of high-fidelity models for corrosion in actual service environments. The difficulties arise since corrosion involves transfer of metal atoms between the solid and solution phases thus making the system non-adiabatic. Interfacial transfer of atoms increases the chance of establishing systemic feedback between chemical reactions and transport processes, which results in chemical oscillation and periodic patterns on the corroding surfaces. These oscillating behavior in electrochemical measurements and pattern formation on corroding surfaces have been reported in …

Electrochemical Response Of A Single Wire-Electrode Ac Probe In 3.5wt.% Nacl, Zhen-Wen Zou, Da-Jiang Zheng, Zi-Ming Wang, Guang-Ling Song

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this paper, a recently developed single wire-electrode AC probe technology which does not need a reference or counter electrode was employed to investigate the electrochemical corrosion and sacrificial anode protection behaviors of steel and zinc in 3.5wt.% NaCl. With this simple, fast, reliable and stable probe, the instantaneous corrosion rate and accumulated corrosion loss of carbon steel in 3.5wt.% NaCl were measured, and the results revealed that both were greater than those of zinc. Furthermore, the observed different corrosion behaviors between carbon steel and zinc during the immersion could be caused by their different surface films. With the galvanic …

Electrochemical Investigation Into The External Failure Modes Of Oil And Gas Pipelines, Maxwell Goldman

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Carbon steel is the material of choice for transmission pipelines for the oil and gas industry across the globe due to its mechanical properties, and low cost. Carbon steel is only resistffxidant, and the types of anions present in the exposure environment. Transmission pipelines are coated with non-conductive polymeric coatings and can be protected by cathodic protection in order to mitigate exterior corrosion. The primary goals of this thesis were to determine the role of anions, cathodic charging with hydrogen, and steel microstructure on different failure modes of carbon steel.

The corrosion mechanism of carbon steel in the presence of …

Galvanic Corrosion Of Copper-Coated Carbon Steel For Used Nuclear Fuel Containers, Thalia E. Standish

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Carbon steel vessels coated with ∼3 mm of Cu have been proposed for the permanent disposal of used nuclear fuel in a deep geological repository (DGR) in Canada. In the event of an undetected defect in the Cu coating that exposes the steel substrate, galvanically accelerated corrosion of steel is, in principle, possible. To investigate this scenario, the progression of steel corrosion at the base of novel simulated through-coating defects was monitored electrochemically and imaged non-destructively using X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) as a function of time, O₂ availability (including anoxic conditions), and coating method (cold spray deposition (with and …

Silicon Surface Photochemistry, Kurt W. Kolasinski

Chemistry Faculty Publications

General concepts of photochemistry on metal and semiconductor surfaces are elucidated. These concepts are then applied more specifically to describe photochemical transformation of molecules on and with silicon surfaces. The mechanisms by which light can induce chemical reactions following electronic excitation are described. Processes reviewed include photodissociation of adsorbed molecules, photo-induced attachment of organic molecules and photo-induced corrosion.

Influence Of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes On Corrosion Performance And Water Hydrogen Bonding Of Epoxy-Amine Thin Films, Greg William Curtzwiler

Dissertations

This dissertation research sought to provide a fundamental basis of understanding to commence the systematic investigation of developing economically viable fully formulated epoxy-amine coating systems containing multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Namely, a facile and rapid method for multiwall carbon nanotube surface modification and molecular structure interpretation was developed to assist in designing MWCNT-polymer interactions and achieving high levels of dispersion. Additionally, a rapid and quantitative method was developed to investigate the dispersibility potential of MWCNTs possessing a given surface modification in combination with a dispersion protocol which can further be utilized as a quality control metric in commercial applications. It …

Electrochemical And Modelling Studies On Simulated Spent Nuclear Fuel Corrosion Under Permanent Waste Disposal Conditions, Nazhen Liu

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The safety assessment models for the deep geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel require a fundamental understanding of the corrosion of spent fuel in a failed waste container. The overall research goal of this project is to investigate the corrosion of simulated spent fuel under permanent disposal conditions, using both model simulations and experimental investigations. A model for fuel corrosion has been expanded to determine the relative importance of radiolytic hydrogen and hydrogen from corrosion of the steel vessel in suppressing fuel corrosion. It was shown that, for CANDU (CANada Deuterium Uranium) fuel with moderate in-reactor burnup, only micromolar concentrations …

The Corrosion Of Carbon Steel Under Deep Geologic Nuclear Waste Disposal Conditions, Shannon L.W. Hill

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The proposed disposal scenario for high-level nuclear waste (spent fuel) in Canada is emplacement within a sealed, deep geological repository (DGR) located in either granitic rock or sedimentary clay. Disposal is based on a multi-barrier approach, with the primary barrier being a sealed container which could be either dual-walled with a copper shell over an inner carbon steel vessel for granitic rock or a single thick-walled steel container for sedimentary clay. This study focuses on the corrosion behaviour of A516 Gr70 carbon steel as well as the corrosion products formed in a variety of groundwater compositions and concentrations expected within …

Magnetron Sputtering And Corrosion Of Ti-Al-C And Cr-Al-C Coatings For Zr-Alloy Nuclear Fuel Cladding, Devin Alan Roberts

Masters Theses

The disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in March 2011 bought renewed focus to the issue of corrosion in nuclear fuel cladding applications. This thesis reports on the background behind these issues, the investigation strategy, and the analysis of experiments focused on mitigating oxidation of Zr-alloy fuel cladding. This thesis seeks to develop magnetron sputtered Ti-Al-C and Cr-Al-C coatings for Zr-alloy substrates and characterize the as-deposited and corroded samples.

Ti-Al-C and Cr-Al-C coatings were deposited onto ZIRLO, Si, and Al₂O₃ [Aluminum Oxide] substrates under various sputtering conditions. A combinatorial sputtering method was employed to refine …

The Influence Of Microstructure On The Corrosion Of Magnesium Alloys, Robert M. Asmussen

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This thesis reports a series of investigations into the influence of microstructure on the corrosion of Mg alloys. Mg alloys are prime candidates for the light-weighting of automobiles however any extensive applications are limited by their high corrosion rates. The corrosion resistance is further hindered by the susceptibility of Mg alloys to microgalvanic coupling occurring between the Mg matrix and the secondary microstructures in the alloys. This process and the individual contributions to it must be understood to improve Mg alloy design for automotive applications, develop methods for extending the lifetime of Mg alloys and developing models to successfully predict …

In Situ Detection On Electrochemical Chloride Removal Of Reinforcement In Concrete By Combined Ph/Cl- Probes, Jing-Jing Wang, Shi-Gang Dong, Xiao-Juan Zhang, Hong-Wei Lv, Yun-Chang Wu, Rong-Gui Du, Chang-Jian Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this work, the concrete samples polluted by chloride ion were electrochemically treated using galvanostatic technique, and the distributions of chloride ion concentration and pH value in the polluted concretes were in-situ monitored by embedding a combined pH/Cl^- probe during the electrochemical chloride removal. The corrosion behaviors of reinforcing steel in the concrete were simultaneously studied by using linear polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques (EIS). The micro environment of the concrete and corrosion rate of steel were explored during the electrochemical chloride removal. It was indicated that the Cl^- concentration in the concrete pore solution decreased with …

The Electrochemistry Of Hydrogen Peroxide On Uranium Dioxide And The Modelling Of Used Nuclear Fuel Corrosion Under Permanent Disposal Conditions, Linda Wu

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This thesis reports a series of investigations examining the corrosion process of used nuclear fuel under permanent disposal conditions. The motivation of the project is that the safety assessment of deep geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel requires a fundamental understanding of the processes controlling fuel corrosion which could lead to the release of radionuclides to the geosphere from a failed container.

One primary objective of this project was to develop a computational model in order to simulate fuel corrosion under the disposal conditions. A series of simulations based on COMSOL were designed and developed to determine the influence of …

Characterization Of The Corrosion And Oxide Film Properties Of Alloy 600 And Alloy 800, Melissa Faichuk

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The passive film properties of Alloy 600 and Alloy 800, both of which are used as steam generator tubing in CANDU reactors, have been studied using techniques such as polarization scans, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron and Auger spectroscopies. The composition of the oxides formed in a 0.1 M Na₂S₂O₃ solution have been characterized over a wide range of potentials from the pre-passive, through the passive to the transpassive regions. These changes have been correlated to the electrochemical behaviour. A second set of experiments was performed to determine the effectiveness of the surface mechanical …

Basic Principles And Applications Of Secm In Metal Corrosion, Fa-He Cao, Yan Xia, Wen-Juan Liu, Lin-Rong Chang, Jian-Qing Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is chemical microscopy with higher spatial resolution. After 24 years of development, SECM has been widely applied in mapping and kinetics study of heterogeneous electron transfer in localized processes at solid-liquid or liquid-liquid interfaces. The fundamentals and recent advances of SECM in corrosion applications are described, including SECM mapping and kinetics on localized corrosion of metal or coating. Research work of SECM in corrosion by our group is also introduced. Future applications of SECM in corrosion are highlighted.

Applications Of Spectroscopic Ellipsometry In Corrosion Investigation, Ling-Jie Li, Yu-Ling He, Jing-Lei Lei, Sheng Tao Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

As a highly-sensitive and non-destructive in situ technique, spectroscopic ellipsometry has been widely applied in corrosion investigation to acquire the dynamic information of the “electrode-medium” interface during corrosion. This paper lays out some representative demonstrations in several established optical models used to interpret data obtained with spectroscopic ellipsometry in corrosion investigation. In addition, the latest trends in development of this technique are analyzed.