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Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Chemistry
Synthesis And Thermodynamic Analysis Of Volatile Beta-Diketone Complexes Of Select Lanthanides Via Gas-Phase Separations, Daniel Hanson
Synthesis And Thermodynamic Analysis Of Volatile Beta-Diketone Complexes Of Select Lanthanides Via Gas-Phase Separations, Daniel Hanson
Doctoral Dissertations
Rapid separation techniques for fission and activation products have long been desired to supplant the slow solution-based methodologies currently used. In this work, rare earth elements were derivatized with β [beta]-diketones to synthesize rare earth complexes with high volatility suitable for gas-phase separations. Rare earth elements samarium and dysprosium were combined with hfac (1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentadione) and fod (6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-2,2-dimethyl-3,5-octanedione) and analyzed using a gas-phase separation technique. Rare earth elements praseodymium and europium were combined with dpm (2,2,6,6-tetra-methyl-3,5-heptanedione) and similarly analyzed. Employing the data from the separations, the entropy (Δ [delta] S) and enthalpy (Δ [delta] H) of adsorption were evaluated mathematically based …
Synthesis And Characterization Of Ln[Hfac]X And Ln[Fod]X Complexes For Thermochromatographic Separations, Matthew L. Marsh
Synthesis And Characterization Of Ln[Hfac]X And Ln[Fod]X Complexes For Thermochromatographic Separations, Matthew L. Marsh
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Simultaneous Determination Of Multiple Actinide Elements In A Variety Of Soils Utilizing A Standardized Sequential Extraction Protocol, Sherry Alina Faye
Simultaneous Determination Of Multiple Actinide Elements In A Variety Of Soils Utilizing A Standardized Sequential Extraction Protocol, Sherry Alina Faye
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
To obtain a better understanding of the mobility of actinide element contaminants in the environment, the association of the contaminants with specific host phases of soils and sediments must be investigated. This investigation is most commonly conducted using sequential extraction techniques that employ the selective dissolution of soil phases with increasingly aggressive chemical treatment. Though several sequential extraction studies exist in literature, conclusions cannot be made by direct comparison of data due to the lack of uniformity in the protocols used. This work aims to continue development of a standard sequential extraction protocol and expanding its capabilities to include the …
Technetium Sulfide: Fundamental Chemistry For Waste Storage Form's Application, Maryline Ghislaine Ferrier
Technetium Sulfide: Fundamental Chemistry For Waste Storage Form's Application, Maryline Ghislaine Ferrier
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Technetium is the lightest radioelement. The isotope 99Tc has around a 6% yield from 235U with a half-life of 2.13 x 105 years. The high mobility of TcO4-, the common chemical form of technetium in the environment makes 99Tc an isotope of concern in nuclear waste management. Despite its important role in radiopharmaceuticals and in the nuclear fuel cycle, the fundamental chemistry of technetium is not as well developed as that of the neighboring transition metals; one of the most striking examples being its sulfide chemistry.
Only two technetium binary sulfide compounds had …
Effect Of Gamma Radiation On The Interfacial Reactions And Transfer Processes Of Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids With Carbon Steel, Ryan P. Morco
Effect Of Gamma Radiation On The Interfacial Reactions And Transfer Processes Of Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids With Carbon Steel, Ryan P. Morco
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
This thesis presents work on the effects of ionizing radiation on phosphonium-based ionic liquids (ILs). Ionic liquids are known for their tunable properties which make them attractive options for applications for the separation and sequestration of metal ions from spent nuclear fuels, and candidate lubricants for systems under severe conditions. The high radiation environment found in spent fuel processing may decompose the solvents (ILs) used in the process and affect their separation efficiency. The radiolytic decomposition products can also alter the physical and chemical properties of an IL in ways which can affect the potential corrosion of metal alloys in …
The Development Of Metal-Organic Compounds For Use As Molecular Imaging Agents, Emily J. Simpson
The Development Of Metal-Organic Compounds For Use As Molecular Imaging Agents, Emily J. Simpson
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Molecular imaging probes allow for the non-invasive diagnosis of many diseases through the use of a targeting entity for site specific delivery, as well as a signal for external visualization of probe accumulation in the body. This thesis will focus on the development of new approaches to synthesize targeting peptides and chelators for radionuclide incorporation towards the design of novel molecular imaging probes.
Histidine is a tridentate chelator that can be attached in a pendant fashion to a biomolecule in order to coordinate technetium-99m. Once coordinated, it forms a neutral complex that is capable of forming diastereomers with inverted stereochemistry …
Development Of A Gallium-Containing One-Bead One-Compound Peptide Library For The Discovery Of New Molecular Imaging Probes, Fernanda C. Bononi
Development Of A Gallium-Containing One-Bead One-Compound Peptide Library For The Discovery Of New Molecular Imaging Probes, Fernanda C. Bononi
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
An eight amino acid one-bead one-compound (OBOC) peptide library, containing a gallium-DOTA complex, was developed in an attempt to overcome common issues associated with the later addition of radionuclides to peptide chains of imaging probes. The further addition of a radionuclide often changes the binding properties of a peptide, as it adds bulk, and possibly charges. MALDI (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization) tandem mass spectrometry was determined to be the method of choice in order to deconvolute gallium-containing peptide sequences. The library obtained was screened against the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Positive beads were isolated and sequences were …
Speciation Behavior Of Americium Higher Oxidation States For The Separation Of Americium From Curium, Catherine Lynn Riddle
Speciation Behavior Of Americium Higher Oxidation States For The Separation Of Americium From Curium, Catherine Lynn Riddle
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
Several countries are currently expanding the use of nuclear energy as a method for the safe generation of carbon free energy and a number are evaluating starting up a nuclear power program. Closed fuel cycle technologies may be key to waste reduction and a sustainable nuclear energy future and to support the development of more efficient fuel cycles, the investigation of the chemical properties of key actinides is at the forefront of separations research. In this work the characterization of higher oxidation states of americium (Am) has been performed using spectroscopic methods. Americium in the formal oxidation state of Am(V) …
Characterization And Optimization Of Extraction Chromatography Resins For Rapid Separations For Safeguard And Nuclear Forensics Purposes, Audrey Roman
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
In this work, extraction chromatography resins, DGA and UTEVA, were characterized under various conditions in order to identify novel rapid separations for safeguards and nuclear forensic purposes. For safeguards purposes, mixed matrices containing some of the largest components found in used fuel and either Am, Pu, or U were characterized on DGA and UTEVA resins in order to determine any effects from the addition of these constituents. Results indicated that 5 M HNO3 would be an optimal loading condition due to the consistent actinide adsorption in the presence of the additional used fuel components. Investigations of varying the anion …
Syntheses Of Precursors To Fluorine-18 Labeled Pet Imaging Agents, Lindsay B. Boling
Syntheses Of Precursors To Fluorine-18 Labeled Pet Imaging Agents, Lindsay B. Boling
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Radiopharmaceuticals: The Application Of Technetium-99m And Rhenium Complexes, Angela Kristin Binion
Radiopharmaceuticals: The Application Of Technetium-99m And Rhenium Complexes, Angela Kristin Binion
Honors Capstone Projects - All
Nuclear imaging used in diagnostic medicine requires the use of radiopharmaceuticals to make biological areas visible under a gamma camera. Although much success has been found in the use of technetium based imaging agents, their corresponding rhenium complexes can provide insight into the chemical properties of these radiopharmaceuticals without the potentially damaging effects of radiation. Technetium and rhenium complexes utilize a bifunctional chelator to act as a linker between biological vectors and the metal, improving the coordination between the two. Ligands containing thiazole rings have been successfully coordinated to technetium or rhenium tricarbonyl complexes, although it is uncertain whether coordination …
Binary Technetium Halides, Erik Vaughan Johnstone
Binary Technetium Halides, Erik Vaughan Johnstone
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
In this work, the synthetic and coordination chemistry as well as the physico-chemical properties of binary technetium (Tc) chlorides, bromides, and iodides were investigated. Resulting from these studies was the discovery of five new binary Tc halide phases: α/β-TcCl3, α/β-TcCl2, and TcI3, and the reinvestigation of the chemistries of TcBr3 and TcX4 (X = Cl, Br). Prior to 2009, the chemistry of binary Tc halides was poorly studied and defined by only three compounds, i.e., TcF6, TcF5, and TcCl4. Today, ten phases are known (i.e., TcF …
The Electrochemistry Of Hydrogen Peroxide On Uranium Dioxide And The Modelling Of Used Nuclear Fuel Corrosion Under Permanent Disposal Conditions, Linda Wu
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
This thesis reports a series of investigations examining the corrosion process of used nuclear fuel under permanent disposal conditions. The motivation of the project is that the safety assessment of deep geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel requires a fundamental understanding of the processes controlling fuel corrosion which could lead to the release of radionuclides to the geosphere from a failed container.
One primary objective of this project was to develop a computational model in order to simulate fuel corrosion under the disposal conditions. A series of simulations based on COMSOL were designed and developed to determine the influence of …
Peptidomimetic Ghs-R1a Agonists As Pet Imaging Agents For Prostate Cancer, Milan M. Fowkes
Peptidomimetic Ghs-R1a Agonists As Pet Imaging Agents For Prostate Cancer, Milan M. Fowkes
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Contemporary diagnostic techniques for prostate cancer (PCa) have a limited ability to distinguish between benign and malignant disease. The ghrelin receptor has a differential expression in normal, benign and cancerous prostatic tissue. Targeting this receptor with 18F-radiolabelled peptidomimetics would enable differentiation between these disease states via PET imaging. A series of 19F-peptidomimetics were synthesized and characterized by HRMS, HPLC and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy in order to test locations for 18F radioisotope insertion. Competitive receptor binding assays using HEK293/GHS-R1a cells were used to evaluate compound binding affinities. This led to the identification of two lead compounds: [1-Nal4,Lys5(4-FB)]G-7039 (IC50 = 69 nM) …
Nuclear Structure In Transitional Regions: Studies Of ¹³²,¹³⁴Xe And Lifetimes In The Stable Zr Nuclei With The (N,N′Γ) Reaction, Erin Elizabeth Peters
Nuclear Structure In Transitional Regions: Studies Of ¹³²,¹³⁴Xe And Lifetimes In The Stable Zr Nuclei With The (N,N′Γ) Reaction, Erin Elizabeth Peters
Theses and Dissertations--Chemistry
Nuclei at closed shells tend to be spherical and are well-described by the shell model, while those between closed shells are deformed and better described by collective models. The nuclei which are in transitional regions between spherical and deformed may be studied to gain insight into the nature of this transition. The stable isotopes of zirconium and xenon span such transitional regions and are the subject of this dissertation. Gamma-ray spectroscopy following inelastic neutron scattering has been performed on the stable isotopes of Zr as well as 132,134Xe at the University of Kentucky Accelerator Laboratory. Level lifetimes have been …