Chemistry Commons^™

Towards Carbon Dioxide Reduction: Synthesis And Characterization Of Ccc-Nhc Pincer Iron Complexes., Joshua Mensah

Theses and Dissertations

The industrial revolution came with its downside of emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The NOAA reported in 2019 that, of the greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere, CO2 contributed to about 80% of the increased greenhouse gases hence the need for CO2 Sequestering and Storage (CSS) and ultimately leading to Carbon Capture and Recycling (CCR) as a viable option to convert CO2 into useful forms. The race to find the best catalyst for CCR has led to the synthesis of many organometallic compounds. Pincer complexes catalyzed CO2 reduction has gained notoriety recently because of the tunability and robustness …

Development Of Chiral Lewis Base Catalysts For Chlorosilane-Mediated Asymmetric C-C Bond Formations, Changgong Xu

Theses and Dissertations

The chiral hydrazine is a crucial structural motif that serves as pivotal structural elements in numerous natural products and biologically significant molecules. We are particularly interested in the catalytic asymmetric reduction of hydrazones, as well as the catalytic asymmetric propargylation and allenylation of hydrazones, because they provide direct pathways to these enantio-enriched chiral building blocks. In this work, we will explore the potential of two different categories of chiral Lewis base catalysts in the said transformations.

Developed by another student in our group, axial-chiral 3,3’-triazolyl biisoquinoline N,N’-dioxides derived catalysts are tested and demonstrated its capability in activating various hydrazone …

Asymmetric Cuh-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling Of Allenamides With Carbonyl And Imine Electrophiles, Stephen Collins

Theses and Dissertations

The carbon scaffold of many drugs and natural products contain multiple stereogenic centers bearing heteroatoms. As a result of this, chemists have long sought methods to efficiently install these multi-heteroatom functionalities. Reductive coupling reactions have been extensively studied over the past decades, and the allylation of carbonyls via the reductive coupling approach has been a key method for generating chiral allylic alcohols. This work utilizes inexpensive Cu for the asymmetric reductive coupling of allenamides with carbonyls or imines to simultaneously install two heteroatoms (either oxygen and nitrogen or nitrogen and nitrogen, respectively) onto the product. These molecules have a polarity …

Chemical Investigation Of Dichloromethane Extract Of Aloe Vera Peels: An Agricultural Waste, Nazmul Huda

Theses and Dissertations

Aloe barbadensis Miller, commonly called Aloe Vera, is a widely popular succulent plant species cultivated across subtropical regions worldwide from India to the Tex-Mex border. Besides its historical uses, Aloe juice has garnered attention as a potential remedy for various ailments, particularly in treating various skin conditions and facilitating wound recovery, including obesity, diabetes, hepatitis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. Regrettably, the agricultural practice following sap extraction involves discarding Aloe vera peels, constituting agricultural waste. As part of our continuous research on extraction, isolation, separation, and spectral characterization of value-added chemicals present in waste botanicals herein, …

A Work Towards A Single-Bridge Hydrazine Sensor, Brenden Jay Schmeltz

Theses and Dissertations

Hydrazine can currently be detected by irreversible methods, Carbazolopyridinophane (2,18-Dithia[3][1,8]carbazolo[3][2,6]pyridinophane) CP was synthesized by Brown et al. to detect hydrazine in real-time while also being reversible. The threshold for detection was 100 ppb, regulatory use requires 10 ppb as this is when permanent damage to humans can be caused. A more sensitive sensor will allow for safer workplaces for many people. A single, 3-atom bridge sensor will further examine the photophysical capabilities of carbazole-pyridine as an emitter/quencher pair. 1-Carbazole-1-methylpyridyl-2methyl sulfide SBCP will allow freedom of rotation as well as the bending of the bridge. These benefits will introduce conformers which …

Improved Stoichiometric Synthesis Of Ccc-Nhc Pincer Rh Complexes And Catalytic Activity Towards Dehydrogenative Silylation And Hydrosilylation Of Alkenes, Enock Amoateng

Theses and Dissertations

N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have attracted growing interest not only as successful ancillary ligands in a wide variety of transition-metal-catalyzed reactions but have also shown to offer photophysical and electrochemical properties. The metalation/transmetalation strategy using [Zr(NMe₂)₄] as initial metalating reagent offers an efficient approach to the preparation of CCC-NHC pincer complexes of the late transition metals such as Rh and Ir. In the process of investigating an intermediate and the mechanism of the metalation/transmetalation to Rh sequence, a mixed valent bimetallic CCC-NHC pincer Rh complex with two chloro ligands bridged between a [(CCC-NHC)Rh(III)] and a [Rh(I)(COD)] fragment …

Bacterial-Mediated Photocatalytic Organic Oxidation, Peter J. Pellegrinelli

Theses and Dissertations

Bacteria, though well-known and widespread in scientific application, have plenty more opportunity to grow in the field of organic synthesis. The primary objective of this project was to apply the use of bioluminescent bacteria in an organic photoredox reaction intending to use the bacteria as a renewable source of light. This sustainable method, as opposed to high wattage bulbs, paves a green pathway for organic photocatalytic reactions. Using bioluminescent E. coli, the focus was on performing organic oxidation reactions with a recyclable photocatalyst. When using bacteria in conjunction with chemicals like nitromethane, it was an obstacle to keep the E. …

I. Preparation Of Strategic Synthetic Building Blocks For World Health Organization Essential Medicines. Ii. Applying The Principles Of Process Intensification To The Synthesis Of Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics., Jeffrey M. Noble

Theses and Dissertations

The synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients is often a time-consuming and expensive process. Due to the nature of pharmaceutical manufacturing, these costs are carried forward to the final purchase price by the consumer. Although there are many factors which are involved in the final costing of a pharmaceutical, the cost associated with the synthesis is the primary one which can be managed by chemists and engineers.

This work discusses the synthetic routes of four active pharmaceutical ingredients as well as the synthetic techniques and equipment used with an emphasis on how the application of specific techniques can be applied to …

Asymmetric Cuh-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling Of Allenamides With Carbonyl Electrophiles & Development Of Nanocatalysts For Heterogeneously Catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig Amination, Raphael K. Klake

Theses and Dissertations

Many drugs and natural products contain multiple stereogenic carbons bearing heteroatoms throughout their carbon framework. Therefore, methods that can efficiently install multiple heteroatoms on a molecule are valuable. Reductive coupling reactions have been extensively studied, and the allylation of carbonyls via the reductive coupling approach has been a key method for generating chiral tertiary and secondary allylic alcohols. This work utilizes inexpensive Cu for the asymmetric reductive coupling of allenamides with carbonyls to simultaneously install two heteroatoms (oxygen and nitrogen) on the product. These molecules have a polarity profile that make them difficult to make using traditional methods. Herein, we …

Synthesis And Application Of Redox-Active Covalent Organic Frameworks In Rechargeable Batteries, Mohammad K. Shehab

Theses and Dissertations

Synthesis and Application of Redox-Active Covalent Organic Frameworks in Rechargeable Batteries

Mohammad K. Shehab

Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States

Abstract

In recent years, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been considered the dominant energy storage devices for portable electronics and electric vehicles due to their high energy density, low self-discharge rate, and long cycle life. In LIBs, the traditional positive electrodes employed are mainly derived from metal-containing inorganic compounds composed of cobalt, iron, nickel, or manganese (LiCoO₂, LiMn₂O₄, and LiFePO₄) coupled with graphite as the negative electrode. Despite …

The Chemistry And Catalytic Activity Of Dehydrogenative Silylation And Hydroboration Of Complexes Bearing Semirigid Ligands With Group 14 Elements, Niroshani S. Abeynayake

Theses and Dissertations

Incorporation of silicon in the ligand backbone would yield electron-rich metal complexes upon coordination to transition metal complexes. The coordination chemistry of semirigid benzyl phosphines bearing a single or multiple phosphorus atoms and varying number of Si−H moieties has gained interest in recent years. This dissertation focuses on synthesizing silyl and germyl transition metal complexes of groups 9 and 10. Chapter II presents the synthesis of a family of four coordinated 14-electron rhodium complexes. The newly synthesized complexes were characterized in solution by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and in the solid-state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. These d⁶ complexes possess sawhorse …

Photo-Reactivity Of Bifunctional Naphthalene Compounds Toward Dna, Qi Zhang

Theses and Dissertations

DNA interstrand cross-link (ICL) can covalently bind two DNA strands, preventing DNA strands separation, and therefore, blocking DNA transcription and replication, which are essential biological processes for cell division. Among different methods to induce DNA interstrand cross-linking, photoinduction is an important way to activate the cross-linking reactions due to its many characteristics, such as non-invasive, controllability, selectivity and biorthogonality. My research mainly focuses on developing novel binaphthalene compounds which can be activated by 350 nm UV light to produce DNA interstrand cross-linking via alkylation. We designed and synthesized a series of binaphthalene analogues with different substituents at the position-4’ on …

Polyaniline-Derivatives Based On Poly (Heterocyclic Diphenylamine) With Improved Electrochemical Stability And Processability, Mohammed Noifa Almtiri

Theses and Dissertations

Today, smart innovation has become an essential part of human life; thus, contemporary technologies are always looking for intelligent, responsive, and efficient materials to satisfy these demands. Consequently, synthetic "metals" or, more precisely, intrinsically conducting polymers (CPs) have begun to find a place as valuable and practical materials for a new generation of devices. Amongst all intrinsic conducting polymers, polyaniline (PANI) has attracted significant attention due to its outstanding air and moisture stability, simple preparation technique, and high electrical conductivity (chapter I).

Chapter II represents the synthesis of a new PANI derivative that contains a phenoxazine unit co-polymerized with p-phenylenediamine …

Inducible Dna Interstrand Cross-Linking Agents: Design, Synthesis, Mechanism, And Biomedical Applications, Muhammad Asad Uz Zaman

Theses and Dissertations

DNA is the carrier of genetic information, making its chemical reactivity and function extremelyimportant. DNA interstrand cross-links (ICL) leads to covalent bind of two strands, which prevents the separation of double helix. DNA ICLs are the sources of the cytotoxicity of antitumor and anticancer agents. This thesis focuses on investigating the reactivity of a varieties of aromatic compounds towards DNA. Some of these molecules can be activated by photo irradiation to induce DNA ICL formation via alkylation. Others undergo activation by H2O2 to release DNA cross-linking agents. We investigated the mechanism of function of these inducible DNA cross-linking agents as …

A Modular Synthesis Of Processable And Thermally Stable Semi-Fluorinated Aryl Ether Polymers Via Step-Growth Polymerization Of Fluoroalkenes, Ketki Eknath Shelar

Theses and Dissertations

Tailored fluoropolymers remain the leading choice for a wide variety of advanced high-performance applications, including electronic/optical and energy conversion, owing to their unique blend of complementary high-performance properties. Amorphous semi-fluorinated polymers exhibit improved solubility and melt processability when compared to traditional perfluoropolymers. A leading class of semi-fluorinated aryl ether polymers includes perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB), perfluorocycloalkenyl (PFCA), and fluoroarylene vinylene ether (FAVE) polymers. Monomers containing aromatic trifluorovinyl ethers (TFVE) are used to synthesize PFCB polymers via radical-mediated [2+2] cyclodimerization. On the other hand, FAVE and PFCA polymers are polymerized via base-mediated nucleophilic addition/elimination of bisphenols with TFVE monomers and decafluorocyclohexene respectively. The …

Synthesis Of Conjugated Polymers From Xanthene And Alkenyl Flanked Diketopyrrolopyrrole Monomers For High-Performance Electronic Applications., Ranganath Wijesinghe Wahalathantrige Don

Theses and Dissertations

In traditional electronics, inorganic materials such as silicon and germanium are used as semiconductors due to their outstanding semiconducting properties. Unfortunately, inorganic materials are rigid due to their high crystalline nature, and processing these materials is complex and expensive. Furthermore, traditional semiconducting materials do not have favorable mechanical properties in applications such as wearable devices and large-area applications with complicated shapes. Conjugated conducting polymers (CCPs) are being explored as alternative materials to conventional semiconductors due to their mechanical properties and high conductivity. CCPs offer properties such as solution and low-temperature processability, flexibility, thermal and optical properties that traditional semiconductors could …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Sustainable And Biobased Copolymers From Lignocellulosic, Guery Saenz

Theses and Dissertations

Natural compounds have been the primary resource used to produce polymeric materials by humankind since the mid-1900s. Yet, progress in bio-based polymers from renewable feedstock has encountered some obstacles, mainly due to the low prices of petroleum-based monomers, compared to natural and sustainable materials. However, most commodity plastics are non-degradable materials, and solid plastic waste accumulation adversely affects the environment. As the world population is growing and demanding chemicals, energy, and plastics materials, polymer research is focusing on synthesizing bio-based and degradable polymers. Thus, biomass, a sustainable and inexpensive feedstock, is highly appropriate for designing alternative thermoplastics that are degradable …

The Activity Of Qh Ii 66 And It’S Analogs In Medulloblastoma, Melanoma And Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines., Taukir Ahmed

Theses and Dissertations

GABAARs (gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors) are transmembrane pentameric ligand-gated chloride ion channels that respond to GABA, the central nervous system's principal inhibitory neurotransmitter (CNS). The benzodiazepines (BZDs) bind between the GABAAR α+γ2-subunits at their extracellular interface. The binding of ligands to distinct subunits of GABAA receptors, notably the α1-6β2/3γ2 ion channels, can have a wide range of effects on brain activities. The sedative, ataxic, amnesic, anticonvulsant, and addictive actions of GABAARs' α1-subtype selective ion channels should be avoided, except for the anticonvulsant and anxiolytic effects, while creating ligands for this BZ allosteric modulatory site. Many studies have linked the …

Design And Synthesis Of Chiral And Achiral Benzodiazepines And Imidazodiazepines As Α–Subtype Selective Gabaar Positive Modulators To Treat Schistosomiasis, Epilepsy, Asthma And Some Mental Disorders, Md Yeunus Mian

Theses and Dissertations

Part I: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of non-sedating anti-schistosomal agents

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic flatworm infection with only one drug therapy currently on the market, praziquantel. An old lead identified by Roche, meclonazepam (US Patent 4031078A) displayed antiparasitic efficacy but was not pursued due to dose-limiting sedation in human clinical trials (S. Afr. Med J. 1979 Apr 14;55(16):617-8, PMID: 380021). However, given the superior spectrum of activity meclonazepam displays relative to praziquantel (which is unable to cure immature parasites within the host) and advances in the understanding of benzodiazepine SAR at human GABAARs, the study of this benzodiazepine was …

Part I: Synthesis Of Quinolones For Inhibition Of The Β-Barrel Assembly Machine In Gram Negative Bacteria; Part Ii: Synthesis Of Azo Dye Sensors For Detection Of Metal Ions In Aqueous Environments, Katryna Williams

Theses and Dissertations

Part I: Antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is a growing cause of concern worldwide. Thousands of people die from antibiotic resistant bacteria every year. The β-Barrel Assembly Machine (BAM) in Gram-negative bacteria plays a role in antibiotic resistance as its porin, BamA, can regulate which molecules enter the cell, meaning it can prevent antibiotics from entering the bacterial cell. BamA exists in an open and closed form and is only selective in its closed form. BamA opens and closes through the H-bonding of two intramolecular β-strands. It is theorized that the creation of a β-sheet mimetic, based on work done …

Guest Host Chemistry Part I: The Synthesis Of Metal Selective Sensors Part Ii: The Synthesis Of Antibiotic Precursors And Intermediates, Trevor Moss Hagemann

Theses and Dissertations

Part 1: Metal Selective Sensors

The work herein describes the creation of a library of sensors for the detection of metal ions in aqueous systems. The solid support these dyes are attached to facilitates a continuous measurement of metal ion concentrations in aqueous systems. The sensors are based on an azo dye core structure wherein detection of metal ions is observed by the change in absorbance of the dye upon binding. These sensors are capable of detecting metal ions in the ppb range, specific dyes interacting with specific metal ions cause distinct spectral changes, providing substantial information. the aggregate response …

Asymmetric Cuh-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling Of Alleneamides With Carbonyl Electrophiles And The Mechanistic Investigation Into The Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Couplings Of Electron-Deficient Systems, Samantha L. Gargaro

Theses and Dissertations

Most natural products and other biologically active small molecules contain multiple stereogenic heteroatoms throughout their carbon scaffold. As a result, methods to install these multi-heteroatom functionalities efficiently are highly desirable. Reductive coupling reactions have been studied extensively, and reductive allylation has been a key method for generating chiral secondary and tertiary allylic alcohols. This work focuses on utilizing naturally abundant and inexpensive Cu for the asymmetric reductive coupling of alleneamides with carbonyl electrophiles to access highly functionalized multi-heteroatom scaffolds that are difficult to produce via traditional methods. Described herein are methods for these asymmetric reductive coupling reactions. Chapter 1 describes …

Synthesis And Characterization Of A Ccc-Nhc Manganese Complex And Its Catalytic Activity In Alpha-Alkylation Reactions Of Ketones Using Alcohols – Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction, Thi Bao Tran Nguyen

Theses and Dissertations

N-heterocyclic carbenes are essential for the synthesis and stabilization of various metal complexes due to the tendency to act as sigma-donor of sp2 hybridized lone pair in carbene into sigma-accepting orbital of metals. Meanwhile, the electronic and steric properties of pincer complexes can be fine-tuned by modifying three sites bonded to the metals. Utilizing advantages of both NHCs and the pincer structures, NHCs-based pincer complexes have become increasingly developed in recent years. After the discovery of zirconium and rhodium complexes with CCC-NHC backbones reported in 2005, Hollis’s group has been interested in applying the CCC-NHC pincer precursor for other transition …

1,2-Diazetidine As A New Amidomethylative Reagent To Control The Selectivity For The Synthesis Of N-Heterocycles And Ru(Ii)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydroarylation To Form Chromane Derivatives, Chaminda Lakmal Hetti Handi

Theses and Dissertations

1,2-Diazetidine is a four-membered ring heterocyclic compound which has two adjacent nitrogen atoms. However, the syntheses of C-unsubstituted 1,2-diazetidines are rarely reported in the literature. C-unsubstituted 1,2-diazetidines were synthesized through an operationally simple intermolecular vicinal disubstitution reaction between 1,2-dibromoethane and hydrazine with N-arylsulfonyl as the protecting group. Several different types of C-unsubstituted 1,2-diazetidines derivatives were synthesized with either two of the same or two different N-arylsulfonyl groups. The electronic and steric properties were analyzed using Raman spectroscopy and computational calculations. Then, several synthetic applications were demonstrated with 1,2-ditosyl-1,2-diazetidine (DTD). As a synthetic application, a nucleophilic ring-opening reaction of the diazetidine …

Design And Synthesis Of Achiral And Chiral Benzodiazepines And Imidazodiazepines To Modulate The Activity Of Gabaa Receptors For The Treatment Of Cancer, Cns Disorders And Pain, Farjana Rashid

Theses and Dissertations

A series of α2/3-subtype selective GABAA receptor agonist imidazodiazepines (IBZs) were synthesized and investigated. The lead compound (KRM-II-81) exhibited anxiolytic, antinociceptive and anticonvulsant effects, displayed promising α2/3 GABAergic subtype selectivity in HEK cells and noteworthy anxiolytic activity and no sedation nor ataxia using a rotarod assay in mice (80mg/Kg) or rats (300 mg/Kg).Based on the "privileged imidazodiazepine (IMZD) structures" derived from the unified pharmacophore model of Milwaukee, the design, synthesis and biological activities of more than 30 novel 2’ Cl achiral GABAAR α2/α3 subtype selective imidazodiazepines (IMDZs) related to KRM-II-81 achiral ligand Hz-166 are described. Several compounds from the α2/3 …

Approach Toward The Total Synthesis Of Some Sarpagine Related Indole Alkaloids: Histrixnine, Gelsempervine A, Gelsempervine B, O-Methylmacusine B & 19,20-Dihydro-O-Methylmacusine B,Design, Synthesis & Biological Study Of Some Novel Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type (Gabaa) Receptor Ligands, Md Zubair Ahmed Khan

Theses and Dissertations

Indole alkaloids are chemically, biologically and commercially significant, as well as diversely distributed important group of natural products. These are of prominence because of their resemblance with various biologically essential molecules including tryptophan, tryptamine, and serotonin. The Sarpagine type indole alkaloids comprise one of the most diverse series of indole alkaloid natural products. These indole alkaloids are primarily isolated from three plant families: Apocynaceae, Rubiaceae, and Loganiaceae which have been used in traditional and folk medicines in many countries around the world. Biological screening of these alkaloids is not always possible, presumably, due to the paucity of the isolated natural …

Part I: Development Of Small-Molecule-Based Probes For The Vitamin D Receptor; Part Ii: Development Of A Scalable Manufacturing Process For Orcein Dye, Tania Roseann Mutchie

Theses and Dissertations

PART I:The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor and member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. VDR is expressed in the epithelia of endocrine organs, digestive system, bronchi, kidneys, and thymus, as well as being present in leukocytes and bone cells. Cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and immunomodulation, along with calcium and phosphate homeostasis, are all processes regulated by the receptor. Within the cell, VDR can be membrane-bound or located in the nucleus. Nuclear localization of VDR transpires following the binding of vitamin D metabolites, the most active of which is 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol). Within the nucleus, interactions …

Chapter 1: Part A: A Unique Approach Of Preparing 3,3-Disubstituted Oxindoles From Acyclic Tetrasubstituted Aldehydes: Total Synthesis Of (-)-Coerulescine And (-)-Coixspirolactam A, Chapter 1: Part B: Synthetic Scope Of Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Reactions Of Carbonyl Compounds And Ethyl Diazoacetate,, Md Shahnawaz Ali

Theses and Dissertations

CHAPTER 1: PART A: A UNIQUE APPROACH OF PREPARING 3,3-DISUBSTITUTED OXINDOLES FROM ACYCLIC TETRASUBSTITUTED ALDEHYDES: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (-)-COERULESCINE AND (-)-COIXSPIROLACTAM A(-)-Coerulescine and (-)-coixspirolactam A, two naturally occurring compounds characterized with an all-carbon quaternary center containing a spirooxindole, have been synthesized asymmetrically. The key feature of their total synthesis involves a novel rational construction of the chiral 3,3-disubstituted oxindole core from the acyclic chiral tetrasubstituted aldehyde. The later scaffold was prepared in high enantioselectivity (up to 86%) from the ethyl 3-hydroxy-2-(2-nitrophenyl)acrylate 1 by exploring both intermolecular and intramolecular Pd-mediated asymmetric allylic allylations (Pd-AAA). A through optimization of these approaches is …

Design And Synthesis Of Non-Xanthone Structural Analogs Of Α-Mangostin, Maryam Foroozmehr

Theses and Dissertations

α-Mangostin belongs to a class of polyphenolic compounds called xanthones. The potential pharmacological effects such as anti-bacterial and anti-cancer effects of α-mangostin have made it an important natural product for medicinal chemistry evaluation. During this thesis research, we have designed and synthesized a series of non-xanthone analogs of α-mangostin for medicinal chemistry evaluation. A commercially available starting material, methyl-4-methoxysalicylate was used to synthesize these non-xanthone analogs. The analogs were designed as more flexible derivatives compared to the tricyclic motif within α-mangostin yet retain the hydroxybenzoate scaffold. Through a one-pot chemical synthesis, with relatively high yield (70%), we prepared eight different …

The Development Of A New Entry Point Into Enantiomerically Enriched Sulfinyl Derivatives, Jessica Shaw

Theses and Dissertations

Optical probes may be used as reliable tools for detecting and imagining the inside of cells for medical diagnostics. Among available options, the use of thiol probes is of interest as thiols are present in nearly all cells and their levels are tightly regulated, thus any variation is associated with disease. A proper thiol bioimaging probe must have a thiol cleavage group/reactive group and a fluorophore. It is found that novel sulfinate aryl ester (phenoxysulfinate esters) probes selectively cleave thiols at physiological pH and show much promise as effective tools for bioimaging.

In this context, the synthesis of the related …