Chemistry Commons^™

Corrosion Case Study On Pipeline, Kangze Ren

Corrosion Research

The Kashagan pipeline leaks were likely caused by sulfur stress corrosion cracking, a combined corrosion mechanism developed by the presence of high pressure, the high level of hydrogen sulfide(the main "ingredient" of sour gas), and poor metallurgical choice. Improper welding and poor metallurgical examination were blamed for causing the leaking issue. The purpose of the current review is to raise the alarm about the inappropriate corrosion management of Kashagan oil production and its societal and environmental consequences.

The Impact Of Lead Corrosion Relating To The Contamination Of Drinking Water In Canada And In Indigenous Communities., Jessie A. Mcdonald

Corrosion Research

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Lead Corrosion Relating To The Contamination Of Drinking Water In Canada And In Indigenous Communities., Jessie A. Mcdonald

Corrosion Research

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Hydrogen Peroxide On The Corrosion Dynamics Of Carbon Steel, Kwang Soak Gabriel O'Donnell

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The Used Fuel Container (UFC) is a key barrier in Canada’s nuclear fuel disposal plan. Understanding the radiation-induced corrosion of the carbon steel (CS) vessel is critical for predicting the long-term integrity of the UFC. Developing a mechanistic understanding of CS corrosion and the effect of solution parameters is essential.

This work investigates the effects of H₂O₂, the key radiolytic oxidant, on CS corrosion dynamics in small, stagnant solutions. Elementary processes are identified, corrosion rates are calculated, and the effects of H₂O₂ concentration are investigated. Corrosion was studied by quantifying the concentrations of …

Characterization Of Deposited Copper Oxide Films On Copper Substrates, Millicent Castillo

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The deposition of copper oxide films on copper substrates was investigated by the electrochemical, thermal, and hydrothermal oxidation of copper. The formed oxides were characterized using various surface analytical techniques to determine the film’s morphology, composition, and thickness. The results show that by growing oxides electrochemically, a duplex layer composing of CuO and Cu₂O film was formed on the copper surface, having characteristics of being porous and possessing needle-like structures. An oxide film composed of CuO and Cu₂O, which shows minimal porosity and possess mixtures of crystalline and non-crystalline structures, is formed on the copper surface …

Near-Ir Laser Ablation Of Simulated Radiologically Contaminated Oxides On Carbon Steel Feeder Pipes, Thao Viet Do

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

As nuclear power plants age and retire from service, many countries face significant challenges concerning the safe long-term storage and disposal of large volumes of low and intermediate level radioactive wastes (L&ILW). The volumes of metallic waste are of particular concern, as when metal corrodes it produces hydrogen that could lead to pressure build-up in interim storage and disposal. In Canada, a significant fraction of the metallic wastes for Canada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) nuclear reactors are out-of-core reactor components, such as carbon steel (CS) feeder pipes. The radioactive contamination is expected to be largely confined to the surface oxide layers …

The Electrochemical And Corrosion Study Of Copper For Nuclear Waste Containers Under Deep Geological Disposal Conditions, Mengnan Guo

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The proposed method for the safe disposal of Swedish, Finnish, and Canadian high-level nuclear waste (HLNW) is to isolate it in iron or steel containers with an outer copper (Cu) shell or coating and bury it in a deep geological repository (DGR). Copper has been selected as the corrosion barrier due to its stability in the aqueous anoxic environments anticipated in DGR conditions. The container will initially be exposed to humid aerated conditions which will evolve to cool and anoxic as radiation fields in the fuel decay and heat production ceases. When the DGR is cool and anoxic, sulphide (SH …

Nonlinear Dynamics Of Carbon Steel Corrosion Under Gamma Radiation, Youn Gyeong Shin

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Corrosion of materials is still an unresolved problem affecting a multitude of industries. One of the grand challenges facing the corrosion community is the development of high-fidelity models for corrosion in actual service environments. The difficulties arise since corrosion involves transfer of metal atoms between the solid and solution phases thus making the system non-adiabatic. Interfacial transfer of atoms increases the chance of establishing systemic feedback between chemical reactions and transport processes, which results in chemical oscillation and periodic patterns on the corroding surfaces. These oscillating behavior in electrochemical measurements and pattern formation on corroding surfaces have been reported in …

Electrochemical Investigation Into The External Failure Modes Of Oil And Gas Pipelines, Maxwell Goldman

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Carbon steel is the material of choice for transmission pipelines for the oil and gas industry across the globe due to its mechanical properties, and low cost. Carbon steel is only resistffxidant, and the types of anions present in the exposure environment. Transmission pipelines are coated with non-conductive polymeric coatings and can be protected by cathodic protection in order to mitigate exterior corrosion. The primary goals of this thesis were to determine the role of anions, cathodic charging with hydrogen, and steel microstructure on different failure modes of carbon steel.

The corrosion mechanism of carbon steel in the presence of …

Galvanic Corrosion Of Copper-Coated Carbon Steel For Used Nuclear Fuel Containers, Thalia E. Standish

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Carbon steel vessels coated with ∼3 mm of Cu have been proposed for the permanent disposal of used nuclear fuel in a deep geological repository (DGR) in Canada. In the event of an undetected defect in the Cu coating that exposes the steel substrate, galvanically accelerated corrosion of steel is, in principle, possible. To investigate this scenario, the progression of steel corrosion at the base of novel simulated through-coating defects was monitored electrochemically and imaged non-destructively using X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) as a function of time, O₂ availability (including anoxic conditions), and coating method (cold spray deposition (with and …

Electrochemical And Modelling Studies On Simulated Spent Nuclear Fuel Corrosion Under Permanent Waste Disposal Conditions, Nazhen Liu

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The safety assessment models for the deep geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel require a fundamental understanding of the corrosion of spent fuel in a failed waste container. The overall research goal of this project is to investigate the corrosion of simulated spent fuel under permanent disposal conditions, using both model simulations and experimental investigations. A model for fuel corrosion has been expanded to determine the relative importance of radiolytic hydrogen and hydrogen from corrosion of the steel vessel in suppressing fuel corrosion. It was shown that, for CANDU (CANada Deuterium Uranium) fuel with moderate in-reactor burnup, only micromolar concentrations …

The Corrosion Of Carbon Steel Under Deep Geologic Nuclear Waste Disposal Conditions, Shannon L.W. Hill

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The proposed disposal scenario for high-level nuclear waste (spent fuel) in Canada is emplacement within a sealed, deep geological repository (DGR) located in either granitic rock or sedimentary clay. Disposal is based on a multi-barrier approach, with the primary barrier being a sealed container which could be either dual-walled with a copper shell over an inner carbon steel vessel for granitic rock or a single thick-walled steel container for sedimentary clay. This study focuses on the corrosion behaviour of A516 Gr70 carbon steel as well as the corrosion products formed in a variety of groundwater compositions and concentrations expected within …

The Influence Of Microstructure On The Corrosion Of Magnesium Alloys, Robert M. Asmussen

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This thesis reports a series of investigations into the influence of microstructure on the corrosion of Mg alloys. Mg alloys are prime candidates for the light-weighting of automobiles however any extensive applications are limited by their high corrosion rates. The corrosion resistance is further hindered by the susceptibility of Mg alloys to microgalvanic coupling occurring between the Mg matrix and the secondary microstructures in the alloys. This process and the individual contributions to it must be understood to improve Mg alloy design for automotive applications, develop methods for extending the lifetime of Mg alloys and developing models to successfully predict …

The Electrochemistry Of Hydrogen Peroxide On Uranium Dioxide And The Modelling Of Used Nuclear Fuel Corrosion Under Permanent Disposal Conditions, Linda Wu

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This thesis reports a series of investigations examining the corrosion process of used nuclear fuel under permanent disposal conditions. The motivation of the project is that the safety assessment of deep geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel requires a fundamental understanding of the processes controlling fuel corrosion which could lead to the release of radionuclides to the geosphere from a failed container.

One primary objective of this project was to develop a computational model in order to simulate fuel corrosion under the disposal conditions. A series of simulations based on COMSOL were designed and developed to determine the influence of …

Characterization Of The Corrosion And Oxide Film Properties Of Alloy 600 And Alloy 800, Melissa Faichuk

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

The passive film properties of Alloy 600 and Alloy 800, both of which are used as steam generator tubing in CANDU reactors, have been studied using techniques such as polarization scans, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron and Auger spectroscopies. The composition of the oxides formed in a 0.1 M Na₂S₂O₃ solution have been characterized over a wide range of potentials from the pre-passive, through the passive to the transpassive regions. These changes have been correlated to the electrochemical behaviour. A second set of experiments was performed to determine the effectiveness of the surface mechanical …