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2017

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Full-Text Articles in Applied Mathematics

Analytical Solutions For The Black-Scholes Equation, Jalil Manafian, Mahnaz Paknezhad Dec 2017

Analytical Solutions For The Black-Scholes Equation, Jalil Manafian, Mahnaz Paknezhad

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, the Black-Sholes equation (BS) has been applied successfully with the Cauchy-Euler method and the method of separation of variables and new analytical solutions have been found. The linear partial differential equation (PDE) transformed to linear ordinary differential equation (ODE) as well. We acquired three types of solutions including hyperbolic, trigonometric and rational solutions. Descriptions of these methods are given and the obtained results reveal that three methods are tools for exploring partial differential models.


A New Hybrid Method For Solving Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations, R. Delpasand, M. M. Hosseini, F. M. Maalek Ghaini Dec 2017

A New Hybrid Method For Solving Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations, R. Delpasand, M. M. Hosseini, F. M. Maalek Ghaini

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, numerical solution of initial and boundary value problems for nonlinear fractional differential equations is considered by pseudospectral method. In order to avoid solving systems of nonlinear equations resulting from the method, the residual function of the problem is constructed, as well as a suggested unconstrained optimization model solved by PSOGSA algorithm. Furthermore, the research inspects and discusses the spectral accuracy of Chebyshev polynomials in the approximation theory. The following scheme is tested for a number of prominent examples, and the obtained results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.


Fractional Order Thermoelastic Deflection In A Thin Circular Plate, J. J. Tripathi, S. D. Warbhe, K. C. Deshmukh, J. Verma Dec 2017

Fractional Order Thermoelastic Deflection In A Thin Circular Plate, J. J. Tripathi, S. D. Warbhe, K. C. Deshmukh, J. Verma

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this work, a quasi-static uncoupled theory of thermoelasticity based on time fractional heat conduction equation is used to model a thin circular plate, whose lower surface is maintained at zero temperature whereas the upper surface is insulated. The edge of the circular plate is fixed and clamped. Integral transform technique is used to derive the analytical solutions in the physi-cal domain. The numerical results for temperature distributions and thermal deflection are com-puted and represented graphically for Copper material.


Numerical Experiments For Finding Roots Of The Polynomials In Chebyshev Basis, M. S. Solary Dec 2017

Numerical Experiments For Finding Roots Of The Polynomials In Chebyshev Basis, M. S. Solary

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

Root finding for a function or a polynomial that is smooth on the interval [a; b], but otherwise arbitrary, is done by the following procedure. First, approximate it by a Chebyshev polynomial series. Second, find the zeros of the truncated Chebyshev series. Finding roots of the Chebyshev polynomial is done by eigenvalues of a nXn matrix such as companion or comrade matrices. There are some methods for finding eigenvalues of these matrices such as companion matrix and chasing procedures.We derive another algorithm by second kind of Chebyshev polynomials.We computed the numerical results of these methods for some special and ill-conditioned …


Effective Modified Hybrid Conjugate Gradient Method For Large-Scale Symmetric Nonlinear Equations, Jamilu Sabi'u, Mohammed Y. Waziri Dec 2017

Effective Modified Hybrid Conjugate Gradient Method For Large-Scale Symmetric Nonlinear Equations, Jamilu Sabi'u, Mohammed Y. Waziri

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, we proposed hybrid conjugate gradient method using the convex combination of FR and PRP conjugate gradient methods for solving Large-scale symmetric nonlinear equations via Andrei approach with nonmonotone line search. Logical formula for obtaining the convex parameter using Newton and our proposed directions was also proposed. Under appropriate conditions global convergence was established. Reported numerical results show that the proposed method is very promising.


The Fmx/Fm/1 Queue With Multiple Working Vacation, G. Kannadasan, N. Sathiyamoorthi Dec 2017

The Fmx/Fm/1 Queue With Multiple Working Vacation, G. Kannadasan, N. Sathiyamoorthi

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

This study investigates the batch arrival FMX/FM/1 queue with multiple working vacation. For this fuzzy queuing model, this research obtains some performance measure of interest such as mean system length, mean system sojourn time, mean busy period for the server and working vacation period. Finally, numerical results are presented to show the effects of system parameters.


Thermoelastic Analysis Of A Nonhomogeneous Hollow Cylinder With Internal Heat Generation, V. R. Manthena, N. K. Lamba, G. D. Kedar Dec 2017

Thermoelastic Analysis Of A Nonhomogeneous Hollow Cylinder With Internal Heat Generation, V. R. Manthena, N. K. Lamba, G. D. Kedar

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In the present paper, we have determined the heat conduction and thermal stresses of a hollow cylinder with inhomogeneous material properties and internal heat generation. All the material properties except Poisson’s ratio and density are assumed to be given by a simple power law in axial direction. We have obtained the solution of the two dimensional heat conduction equation in the transient state in terms of Bessel’s and trigonometric functions. The influence of inhomogeneity on the thermal and mechanical behavior is examined. Numerical computations are carried out for both homogeneous and nonhomogeneous cylinders and are represented graphically.


Certain Integrals Associated With The Generalized Bessel-Maitland Function, D. L. Suthar, Hafte Amsalu Dec 2017

Certain Integrals Associated With The Generalized Bessel-Maitland Function, D. L. Suthar, Hafte Amsalu

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

The aim of this paper is to establish two general finite integral formulas involving the generalized Bessel-Maitland functions Jμ,γν,q (z). The result given in terms of generalized (Wright’s) hypergeometric functions pΨq and generalized hypergeometric functions pFq . These results are obtained with the help of finite integral due to Lavoie and Trottier. Some interesting special cases involving Bessel-Maitland function, Struve’s functions, Bessel functions, generalized Bessel functions, Wright function, generalized Mittag-Leffler functions are deduced.


Applications Of Planar Newtonian Four-Body Problem To The Central Configurations, M. R. Hassan, M. S. Ullah, Md. Aminul Hassan, Umakant Prasad Dec 2017

Applications Of Planar Newtonian Four-Body Problem To The Central Configurations, M. R. Hassan, M. S. Ullah, Md. Aminul Hassan, Umakant Prasad

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

The present study deals with the applications of the planar Newtonian four-body problem to
the different central configurations. The basic concept of central configuration is that the
vector force must be in the direction of the position vector so that the origin may be taken at
the centre of mass of the four bodies and the force towards the position vector multiplied by
corresponding inverse mass is directly proportional to the position vector relative to the
centre of mass. For applying the Newtonian four body problem to the central configuration,
the equations of motion of four bodies have been established …


Evaluation Of Some Reliability Characteristics Of A Single Unit System Requiring Two Types Of Supporting Device For Operations, Ibrahim Yusuf, Nura J. Fagge Dec 2017

Evaluation Of Some Reliability Characteristics Of A Single Unit System Requiring Two Types Of Supporting Device For Operations, Ibrahim Yusuf, Nura J. Fagge

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

This study presents the reliability assessment of a single unit connected to two types of external supporting devices for its operation. Each type of external supporting device has two copies I and II on standby. First order differential difference equations method is used to obtain the explicit expression for the steady state availability, busy period due to failure of type I and II supporting devices of repairmen, steady-state availability and profit function. Based on assumed numerical values given to system parameters, graphical illustrations are given to highlight important results. Comparisons are performed to highlight the impact of unit failure and …


On The Qualitative Behaviors Of A Functional Differential Equation Of Second Order, Cemil Tunç Dec 2017

On The Qualitative Behaviors Of A Functional Differential Equation Of Second Order, Cemil Tunç

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

The aim of this paper is first to investigate the stability of the zero solution to a new Liénard type equation with multiple variable delays by two different methods. The methods to be used in the proofs involve the Lyapunov-Krasovskiĭ functional approach and the fixed point technique under an exponentially weighted metric, respectively. We make a comparison between the applications of these methods with the established conditions on the same stability problems. Then, we obtain three new results for uniformly stability and boundedness/ uniformly boundedness of the solutions to the considered equation by the Lyapunov-Krasovskiĭ functional approach. An example is …


On The Lp-Spaces Techniques In The Existence And Uniqueness Of The Fuzzy Fractional Korteweg-De Vries Equation’S Solution, F. Farahrooz, A. Ebadian, S. Najafzadeh Dec 2017

On The Lp-Spaces Techniques In The Existence And Uniqueness Of The Fuzzy Fractional Korteweg-De Vries Equation’S Solution, F. Farahrooz, A. Ebadian, S. Najafzadeh

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, is proposed the existence and uniqueness of the solution of all fuzzy fractional differential equations, which are equivalent to the fuzzy integral equation. The techniques on LP-spaces are used, defining the LpF F ([0; 1]) for 1≤P≤∞, its properties, and using the functional analysis methods. Also the convergence of the method of successive approximations used to approximate the solution of fuzzy integral equation be proved and an iterative procedure to solve such equations is presented.


Rate Of Convergence For Generalized Szász–Mirakyan Operators In Exponential Weighted Space, Sevilay K. Serenbay, Özge Dalmano˘Glu Dec 2017

Rate Of Convergence For Generalized Szász–Mirakyan Operators In Exponential Weighted Space, Sevilay K. Serenbay, Özge Dalmano˘Glu

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In the present paper, generalized Szász–Mirakyan operators in exponential weighted space of functions of one variable are introduced. Using a method given by Rempulska and Walczak, some theorems on the degree of approximation are investigated. Furthermore, a numerical example with an illustrative graphic is given to show comparison for the error estimates of the operators.


Interactions Of Thermoelastic Beam In Modified Couple Stress Theory, Rajneesh Kumar, Shaloo Devi Dec 2017

Interactions Of Thermoelastic Beam In Modified Couple Stress Theory, Rajneesh Kumar, Shaloo Devi

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

This paper is concerned with the study of thermoelastic beam in modified couple stress theory. The governing equations of motion for modified couple stress theory and heat conduction equation for non-Fourier (non-classical process) are investigated to model the vibrations in a homogeneous isotropic thin beam in a closed form by employing the Euler Bernoulli beam theory. The generalized theories of thermoelasticity with one and two relaxation times are used to model the problem. Both ends of the beam are simply supported. The Laplace transform technique applied to solve the system of equations which are written in dimensionless form. A general …


Analytical Solution For Determination The Control Parameter In The Inverse Parabolic Equation Using Ham, M. M. Khader Dec 2017

Analytical Solution For Determination The Control Parameter In The Inverse Parabolic Equation Using Ham, M. M. Khader

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this article, the homotopy analysis method (HAM) for obtaining the analytical solution of the inverse parabolic problem and computing the unknown time-dependent parameter is introduced. The series solution is developed and the recurrence relations are given explicitly. Special attention is given to satisfy the convergence of the proposed method. A comparison of HAM with the variational iteration method is made. In the HAM, we use the auxiliary parameter ~ to control with a simple way in the convergence region of the solution series. Applying this method with several


Stochastic Analysis Of A Mammalian Circadian Clock Model: Small Protein Number Effects, David W. Morgens, Blerta Shtylla Nov 2017

Stochastic Analysis Of A Mammalian Circadian Clock Model: Small Protein Number Effects, David W. Morgens, Blerta Shtylla

Spora: A Journal of Biomathematics

The circadian clock, responsible for coordinating organism function with daily and seasonal changes in the day-night cycle, is controlled by a complex protein network that constitutes a robust biochemical oscillator. Deterministic ordinary differential equation models have been used extensively to model the behavior of these central clocks. However, due to the small number of proteins involved in the circadian oscillations, mathematical models that track stochastic variations in the numbers of clock proteins may reveal more complex and biologically relevant behaviors. In this paper, we compare the response of a robust yet detailed deterministic model for the mammalian circadian clock with …


Examining The Electrical Excitation, Calcium Signaling, And Mechanical Contraction Cycle In A Heart Cell, Kristen Deetz, Nygel Foster, Darius Leftwich, Chad Meyer, Shalin Patel, Carlos Barajas, Matthias K. Gobbert, Zana Coulibaly Nov 2017

Examining The Electrical Excitation, Calcium Signaling, And Mechanical Contraction Cycle In A Heart Cell, Kristen Deetz, Nygel Foster, Darius Leftwich, Chad Meyer, Shalin Patel, Carlos Barajas, Matthias K. Gobbert, Zana Coulibaly

Spora: A Journal of Biomathematics

As the leading cause of death in the United States, heart disease has become a principal concern in modern society. Cardiac arrhythmias can be caused by a dysregulation of calcium dynamics in cardiomyocytes. Calcium dysregulation, however, is not yet fully understood and is not easily predicted; this provides motivation for the subsequent research. Excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) is the process through which cardiomyocytes undergo contraction from an action potential. Calcium induced calcium release (CICR) is the mechanism through which electrical excitation is coupled with mechanical contraction through calcium signaling. The study of the interplay between electrical excitation, calcium signaling, and mechanical …


Age-Structured And Vaccination Models Of Devil Facial Tumor Disease, Christopher D. Bruno, Timothy Comar, Megan O. Powell, Adjo Tameklo Nov 2017

Age-Structured And Vaccination Models Of Devil Facial Tumor Disease, Christopher D. Bruno, Timothy Comar, Megan O. Powell, Adjo Tameklo

Spora: A Journal of Biomathematics

Tasmanian devil populations have been devastated by devil facial tumor disease (DFTD) since its first appearance in 1996. The average lifespan of a devil has decreased from six years to three years. We present an age-structured model to represent how the disease has affected the age and breeding structures of the population. We show that with the recent increase in the breeding of juvenile devils, the overall devil population will increase but not nearly to pre-DFTD levels. The basic reproductive number may be increased with the influx of young breeding devils. In addition, our model shows that the release of …


Modeling Aggregation Of Proliferating Microglia In Response To Amyloid-Beta In Dementia, Adrienne C. Kinney, Ellen R. Swanson Nov 2017

Modeling Aggregation Of Proliferating Microglia In Response To Amyloid-Beta In Dementia, Adrienne C. Kinney, Ellen R. Swanson

Spora: A Journal of Biomathematics

Amyloid-beta plaques are prominent biological markers in dementia brains. In response to plaque formation, the brain's immune cells, microglia, become reactive. Microglia are measurable cells that surround amyloid-beta plaques, indicating their location. A system of partial differential equations describes the concentration of microglia in dementia brains by incorporating chemotactic signaling. However, this system fails to incorporate increasing numbers of reactive microglia cells in response to amyloid-beta aggregation. A system of ordinary differential equations describing the number of significant cells and proteins in the brain suggests the amount of reactive microglia increases significantly during the progression of dementia. We couple these …


Parts Of The Whole: Why I Teach This Subject This Way, Dorothy Wallace Jul 2017

Parts Of The Whole: Why I Teach This Subject This Way, Dorothy Wallace

Numeracy

The importance of mathematics to biology is illustrated by search data from Google Scholar. I argue that a pedagogical approach based on student research projects is likely to improve retention and foster critical thinking about mathematical modeling, as well as reinforce quantitative reasoning and the appreciation of calculus as a tool. The usual features of a course (e.g., the instructor, assessment, text, etc.) are shown to have very different purposes in a research-based course.


Mathematical Description And Mechanistic Reasoning: A Pathway Toward Stem Integration, Paul J. Weinberg Jul 2017

Mathematical Description And Mechanistic Reasoning: A Pathway Toward Stem Integration, Paul J. Weinberg

Journal of Pre-College Engineering Education Research (J-PEER)

Because reasoning about mechanism is critical to disciplined inquiry in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) domains, this study focuses on ways to support the development of this form of reasoning. This study attends to how mechanistic reasoning is constituted through mathematical description. This study draws upon Smith’s (2007) characterization of mathematical description of scientific phenomena as ‘‘bootstrapping,’’ where negotiating the relationship between target phenomena and represented relations is fundamental to learning. In addition, the development of mathematical representation presents a viable pathway towards STEM integration. In this study, participants responded to an assessment of mechanistic reasoning while cognitive interviews …


Weak Synchronization In Excitatory – Inhibitory Neuronal Networks, Joel Eliason, Benjamin Webb Jun 2017

Weak Synchronization In Excitatory – Inhibitory Neuronal Networks, Joel Eliason, Benjamin Webb

Journal of Undergraduate Research

One ubiquitously observed dynamic phenomenon in the nervous system is that of weak synchronization or clustering, a behavior in which a large group of neurons in a population will all fire synchronously and then fall out of synchronization. When isolated to neurons that only form short-range connections, this behavior is typically referred to as “neuronal avalanches”, and is thought to be particularly important for robustness of information transmission as well as sensitivity to inputs. Given these potential computational benefits, avalanches have been a focus of theoretical biologists for the past 20 years. In particular, my project focused on the conditions, …


A Novel Approach For Solving Volterra Integral Equations Involving Local Fractional Operator, Hassan K. Jassim Jun 2017

A Novel Approach For Solving Volterra Integral Equations Involving Local Fractional Operator, Hassan K. Jassim

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

The paper presents an approximation method called local fractional variational iteration method (LFVIM) for solving the linear and nonlinear Volterra integral equations of the second kind with local fractional derivative operators. Some illustrative examples are discussed to demonstrate the efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed method. Furthermore, this method does not require spatial discretization or restrictive assumptions and therefore reduces the numerical computation significantly. The results reveal that the local fractional variational iteration method is very effective and convenient to solve linear and nonlinear integral equations within local fractional derivative operators.


Thermal Stress Analysis In A Functionally Graded Hollow Elliptic-Cylinder Subjected To Uniform Temperature Distribution, V. R. Manthena, N. K. Lamba, G. D. Kedar Jun 2017

Thermal Stress Analysis In A Functionally Graded Hollow Elliptic-Cylinder Subjected To Uniform Temperature Distribution, V. R. Manthena, N. K. Lamba, G. D. Kedar

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, an analytical method of a thermoelastic problem for a medium with functionally graded material properties is developed in a theoretical manner for the elliptic-cylindrical coordinate system under the assumption that the material properties except for Poisson’s ratio and density are assumed to vary arbitrarily with the exponential law in the radial direction. An attempt has been made to reconsider the fundamental system of equations for functionally graded solids in a two-dimensional state under thermal and mechanical loads. The general solution of displacement formulation is obtained by the introduction of appropriate transformation and carried out the analysis by …


Numerical Solution Of Fractional Integro-Differential Equations With Nonlocal Conditions, M. Jani, D. Bhatta, S. Javadi Jun 2017

Numerical Solution Of Fractional Integro-Differential Equations With Nonlocal Conditions, M. Jani, D. Bhatta, S. Javadi

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, we present a numerical method for solving fractional integro-differential equations with nonlocal boundary conditions using Bernstein polynomials. Some theoretical considerations regarding fractional order derivatives of Bernstein polynomials are discussed. The error analysis is carried out and supported with some numerical examples. It is shown that the method is simple and accurate for the given problem.


Numerical Study Of Soliton Solutions Of Kdv, Boussinesq, And Kaup-Kuperschmidt Equations Based On Jacobi Polynomials, Khadijeh Sadri, Hamideh Ebrahimi Jun 2017

Numerical Study Of Soliton Solutions Of Kdv, Boussinesq, And Kaup-Kuperschmidt Equations Based On Jacobi Polynomials, Khadijeh Sadri, Hamideh Ebrahimi

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper, a numerical method is developed to approximate the soliton solutions of some nonlinear wave equations in terms of the Jacobi polynomials. Wave are very important phenomena in dispersion, dissipation, diffusion, reaction, and convection. Using the wave variable converts these nonlinear equations to the nonlinear ODE equations. Then, the operational Collocation method based on Jacobi polynomials as bases is applied to approximate the solution of ODE equation resulted. In addition, the intervals of the solution will be extended using an rational exponential approximation (REA). The KdV, Boussinesq, and Kaup–Kuperschmidt equations are studied as the test examples. Finally, numerical …


Effect Of Damping And Thermal Gradient On Vibrations Of Orthotropic Rectangular Plate Of Variable Thickness, U. S. Rana, Robin Robin Jun 2017

Effect Of Damping And Thermal Gradient On Vibrations Of Orthotropic Rectangular Plate Of Variable Thickness, U. S. Rana, Robin Robin

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this present paper, damped vibrations of an orthotropic rectangular plate resting on elastic foundation with thermal gradient is modeled, considering variable thickness of plate. Following Le`vy approach, the governed equation of motion is solved numerically using quintic spline technique with clamped and simply supported edges. The effect of damping parameter and thermal gradient together with taper constant, density parameter and elastic foundation parameter on the natural frequencies of vibration for the first three modes of vibration are depicted through Tables and Figures, and mode shapes have been computed for fixed value of plate parameter. It has been observed that …


Some Relations On Generalized Rice's Matrix Polynomials, Ayman Shehata Jun 2017

Some Relations On Generalized Rice's Matrix Polynomials, Ayman Shehata

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

The main aim of this paper is to obtain certain properties of generalized Rice’s matrix polynomials such as their matrix differential equation, generating matrix functions, an expansion for them. We have also deduced the various families of bilinear and bilateral generating matrix functions for them with the help of the generating matrix functions developed in the paper and some of their applications have also been presented here.


Application Of Taylor-Pade Technique For Obtaining Approximate Solution For System Of Linear Fredholm Integro-Dierential Equations, M. M. Khader Jun 2017

Application Of Taylor-Pade Technique For Obtaining Approximate Solution For System Of Linear Fredholm Integro-Dierential Equations, M. M. Khader

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this article, we introduce a modification of the Taylor matrix method using Pad´e approximation to obtain an accurate solution of linear system of Fredholm integro-differential equations (FIDEs). This modification is based on, first, taking truncated Taylor series of the functions and then substituting their matrix forms into the given equations. Thereby the equation reduces to a matrix equation, which corresponds to a system of linear algebraic equations with unknown Taylor coefficients. Finally, we use Pad´e approximation to obtain an accurate numerical solution of the proposed problem. To demonstrate the validity and the applicability of the proposed method, we present …


Inverse Problem For A Parabolic System, Reza Pourgholi, Amin Esfahani, Hassan D. Mazraeh Jun 2017

Inverse Problem For A Parabolic System, Reza Pourgholi, Amin Esfahani, Hassan D. Mazraeh

Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)

In this paper a numerical approach combining the least squares method and a genetic algorithm is proposed for the determination of the source term in an inverse parabolic system (IPS). A numerical experiment confirm the utility of this algorithm as the results are in good agreement with the exact data. Results show that a reasonable estimation can be obtained by the genetic algorithm within a CPU with clock speed 2.7 GHz.