Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Dynamic Metal-Ligand Interactions In Semiconducting Π-Conjugated Materials, Peter Blake Joseph St Onge

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Over the years, the development of materials has seen a vast amount of expansion into a variety of disciplines which have demonstrated usefulness in a large span of applications. One of these new and developing themes is the use of metals and ligands which are incorporated into polymers to modify their properties, which can enable different desired properties. Incorporation of metal-ligand complexes in materials chemistry has proven to be an area of rising interest, however, many of these interactions and systems remained completely unexplored. Understanding the key fundamental principles of how these materials can be changed and modified through metal-ligand …

Organic Herbage Seed Production In Wales - Working With Farmers To Develop The Technology, H. Mccalman, A. M. Marshall

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The National Assembly Government of Wales is providing incentives for organic farming through its agri -environment schemes and has set a target of 10% by 2010. The organic systems in Wales are grassland based, including some with crop rotations and grass-clover leys. Reseeding currently relies on 60% conventional seed, but this derogation to the organic standard of 100% will be removed by August 2005. Conventional methods of seed production are not acceptable under organic standards. Following farmer discussion group meetings highlighting the difficulty of sourcing and the cost of organic seed, a feasibility project to tackle some of the practical …

Processing Quality Of Organic And Conventional Milks From Irish Pasture Based Systems, B. O'Brien, P. Murphy, N. Culleton, P. O'Connor

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The maintenance of white clover in the pasture sward is essential to viable organic farming in Ireland. Thus, the diet of the organically and conventionally managed cow is different. It is well documented that milk composition is affected by cow diet (Kefford et al., 1995). This study addresses the issue of technological quality differences between conventionally and organically produced milks.

Measurement Of The J/𝛹 Photoproduction Cross Section Over The Full Near-Threshold Kinematic Region, S. Adhikari, F. Afzal, C.S. Akondi, M. Albrecht, M. Amaryan, V. Arroyave, A. Asaturyan, A. Austregesilo, Z. Baldwin, F. Barbosa, J. Barlow, E. Barriga, R. Barsotti, T. D. Beattie, V. V. Berdnikov, T. Black, W. Boeglin, W. J. Briscoe, T. Britton, B. Zihlmann

Physics Faculty Publications

We report the total and differential cross sections for J/ψ photoproduction with the large acceptance GlueX spectrometer for photon beam energies from the threshold at 8.2 GeV up to 11.44 GeV and over the full kinematic range of momentum transfer squared, t. Such coverage facilitates the extrapolation of the differential cross sections to the forward (t=0) point beyond the physical region. The forward cross section is used by many theoretical models and plays an important role in understanding J/ψ photoproduction and its relation to the J/ψ-proton interaction. These measurements of J/ψ photoproduction near threshold are also crucial inputs to theoretical …

Analysis Of The Soil Foodweb Structure On Organic- And Conventional Dairy Farms, N. Van Eekeren, F. Smeding, A. J. Schouten

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The below ground biodiversity of soil organisms plays an important role in the functioning of the soil ecosystem, and consequently the efficiency of the above ground plant production on dairy farms. However, for farmers, soil biology remains a black box. It is difficult to interpret soil biology on dairy farms and to identify management measures to improve it. The objective of this study was to investigate if it is possible to classify the soil foodweb structure on a dairy farm in relation to management practices

Vermicompost Versus Traditional Compost Amendments Leads To Different Soil Health Outcomes In A Mediterranean Vineyard, Elizabeth L. Luck

Master of Science in Environmental Sciences and Management Projects

Compost application has become a common practice in vineyard management to increase soil and crop health, however, the environmental externalities such as greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from cropping systems that utilize organic fertilizers, such as compost, is uncertain. Vermicompost, which is compost created through the digestion of organic matter by earthworms, and its related ‘extract’ are commonly thought to provide more benefits for soil and crop health compared to standard compost. However, organic fertilizers such as vermicompost, vermicompost extract, and compost have not been compared in their effects on soil health in Mediterranean vineyards. In this two-year study, I assessed …

Wetland Uranium Transport Via Iron-Organic Matter Flocs And Hyporheic Exchange, Connor J. Parker

All Dissertations

Uranium (U) released from the M-Area at the Department of Energy Savannah River Site into Tims Branch, a seasonal wetland and braided stream system, is estimated to be 43,500 kg between 1965 and 1984. The motivation for this work is the uranium’s persistence in the wetland for decades, where it is estimated that 80% of the U currently remains in the Tims Branch wetland. U has begun to incorporate into wetland iron (Fe) and carbon cycles, associating with local Fe mineralogy and deposits of rich wetland organic matter (OM). The objective of this work is to characterize the chemical phases …

Synthesis Of Phosphonate-Based Diimide Ligands, Kenya V. Medina, Adelani Pius

Honors Program Theses and Research Projects

There has been a resurged interest in the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks because of their potential applications in energy production and drug delivery. Although diimides are insoluble in aqueous solutions, the addition of phosphonic acid allows the complex to be water soluble, which greatly increases their application. Therefore, the creation of a hybrid metal-organic complex by the addition of phosphonic groups to diimide ligands can result in a polar porous compound. In this project the ligand design included the use of dianhydrides including pyromellitic dianhydride, naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride, and biphenyl-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride. These dianhydride precursors were refluxed under argon …

Mineral Profile Of Panicum Maximum Var. Ntchisi As Influenced By Organic Nitrogen Rate And Age At Harvest, P. Dele, B. Akinyemi, O. Oyeleke, C. Anotaenwere, F. Salawu, S. O. Onifade

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

The study was aimed at profiling the mineral contents of Panicum maximum var Ntchisi as influenced by organic (poultry) nitrogen rate and age at harvest. The study was carried out at the organic research farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria in 2016. The experiment was laid in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement in a split plot design with four (4) organic nitrogen rate (0, 100, 200 and 300 kgNha^-1) as the main plot and three (3) age at harvest (4, 8 and 12 weeks after cutback) as the subplot which amounts to twelve (12) …

Forage Systems To Optimize Agronomic And Economic Performance In Organic Dairy Systems, S. Ray Smith, G. Pighetti, D. M. Butler, Kenneth H. Burdine, Krista Lea, K. Mercier, K. Payne, J. Allison, Gary E. Bates, N. Colton, A. Rius, P. Krawczel, E. Eckelkamp

IGC Proceedings (1997-2023)

Organic dairy production in the USA is growing, but most forage systems research focuses on conventional production practices. As a result, organic dairy producers have limited science-based information to assist with farm and livestock management. The objective of this project was to use a multi-faceted approach to determine the ideal species mixtures for organic dairy production as well as document forage quality, forage yield, soil characteristics, milk production and milk quality during the grazing season. The forages studied ranged from a single species monoculture to a four species mixture of warm and cool season grasses and legumes. Nine distinct forage …

Techno-Economic Feasibility Of Electrifying Food Markets In Nigeria With Biogas Hybrid Mini-Grids, Demi Temitope Ogunwo

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

This thesis explored the feasibility of electrifying a food market in an urban city in Nigeria with a hybrid biogas-powered mini-grid. Under the Energizing Economies Initiative of the Rural Electrification Agency of Nigeria, nine markets in the country currently receive constant access to electricity via hybrid mini-grid systems. As a majority of these systems are diesel-solar-battery systems, this thesis explored the use of biogas generators as a substitute for diesel generators in hybrid mini-grids for food markets. A fruit and vegetable market in Ketu, Lagos was used as a case study for the research. The research for this thesis was …

Sorption Of 2-Naphthalene Sulfonate To Organic Carbon In Natural Saturated Porous Media, Jiyan Hatami

Theses and Dissertations

Organic carbon (OC) in aquifer sediments serves as a key geochemical control on contaminant fate and transport, potentially immobilizing or delaying mass transport downgradient. Quantifying the abundance of OC in aquifer sediments is therefore imperative in developing a conceptual understanding of local contaminant transport. Traditional methods involve time-intensive coring and lab analyses for total OC (TOC) at distinct intervals with depth. These methods fail to account for the heterogeneity between discrete points and do not interrogate TOC along groundwater flow pathways. 2-naphthalene sulfonate (2-NS), a novel groundwater tracer, was investigated here as a possible sorptive tracer for estimating the relative …

Electrochemical Studies Of Organic And Organometallic Compounds In The Pursuit Of Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction, Joshua J. Ludtke

College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations

Carbon dioxide is the main contributor to the greenhouse effect in the world today; developing renewable energy sources and addressing anthropogenic CO₂ release into the atmosphere are two key ways of addressing its increasing impact. Electrocatalytic reduction to products like methanol or carbon monoxide is one useful path to address the rapid increase of carbon dioxide, and the fac-M(bpy-R)(CO)₃X family of complexes (M = Mn or Re; bpy-R = substituted 2,2’-bipyridine; X = Cl, Br, etc.) is one class of effective CO₂ reduction catalysts. Although the capability of the rhenium complex Re(PyBimH)(CO)₃Cl (PyBimH …

Recent Studies On The Synthesis Of Medicinal Molecules., Paige Monsen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Medicinal chemistry interfaces synthetic organic chemistry, natural product chemistry and chemical biology, with a goal of yielding therapeutic agents. Natural products or compounds derived from natural sources such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, are often biologically active and render that compound a likely drug lead. For thousands of years humankind has utilized natural products for medicinal purposes and consequently scientists take advantage of both these compounds’ core structural characteristics and their modes of actions on selected targets as inspiration to develop therapeutics. Because the total synthesis of such complex molecules can be cumbersome and expensive, semi-synthetic methods on isolated natural …

Investigation Of Factors Influencing Recombination Versus Disproportionation Of Complex Radicals Formed By C-N Homolysis Of Breslow Type Intermediates And Related Compounds, Taylor Burnett

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Electron rich enamines are capable of C-N bond homolysis and subsequent recombination and/or disproportionation. It is unclear what causes these radicals to undergo recombination or disproportionation. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations do not provide a transition state for the recombination and disproportionation processes and therefore they cannot be used to predict the favorable reaction. Breslow intermediates formed by deprotonation of thiazolium salts and reaction with aromatic aldehydes are examples of electron rich enamines. These breslow intermediates can undergo C-N bond homolysis to form a radical pair the either recombine or disproportionate. Upon investigation of the factors influencing recombination and disproportionation, …

Emergent Photophysics In Diketopyrrolopyrrole Superstructures, Andrew Levine

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Organic semiconductors have received substantial attention as active components in optoelectronic devices because of their processability and customizable electronic properties. Tailoring the organic active layer in these devices to exhibit desirable optoelectronic properties requires understanding the complex and often subtle structure-property relationships governing their photophysical response to light. Both structural organization and frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) play pivotal roles in energy relaxation processes, and complex interplay between organization and orbital energies are difficult to anticipate based upon the molecular structure of the components alone, especially in systems comprised of multiple components. In pursuit of design rules, there is a need …

Applications Of Sodium Azide In The Synthesis Of Tetrazines And Hydrolysis Reactions, My Le

Honors Theses

The inverse electron demand Diels−Alder cycloadditions of heterocyclic azadienes have provided a robust methodology for synthesizing highly substituted and functionalized heterocycles. It is widely used in organic synthesis and the pharmaceutical industry in the divergent construction of screening libraries and bioorthogonal conjugation. Each heterocyclic azadiene was found to possess a unique reactivity toward different classes of dienophiles, display predictable modes of cycloaddition, and exhibit substantial substituent electronic effects impacting their intrinsic reactivity and cycloaddition regioselectivity. Synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrazine has been reported in the literature since the late 19th century, showing scientists' tremendous interest in its application.

Herein we attempt to …

The Synthesis Of Photoswitchable Triptan Derivatives, Chelsea Sainsbury

Honors College

Serotonin has various functions throughout the body and directly effects many neurological diseases/disorders, like depression, that are linked to the dysregulation of serotonin. Triptans are indole containing drugs that bind to a subset of serotonin receptors (5-HT1Band 5-HT1D) and are used to treat migraines. In this project, the synthesis of anindole intermediate is attempted. Ideally, an azobenzene would have been added to the 5th position (replacing the primary amine). Azobenzenes are compounds composed of 2 benzene rings connected by a nitrogen-nitrogen double bond that can switch between cis and trans conformations by absorbing different wavelengths of light. The transformation of …

Nitro Group Reduction For Use In Organic, Cathodic Materials, Brock G. Goeden

Honors Thesis

The industrial demand for higher capacity, light-weight battery materials has skyrocketed in recent years due to heavy investments in portable electronics, electronic vehicles, and renewable energy sources. However, rechargeable battery technology has seen little improvement since the invention of the Lithium-Ion battery in the 1980s. The low energy density of the traditionally utilized LiCoO2 cathodic material (specific capacity: 272 mAh g-1), has limited its potential to meet these increasing demands. To solve this problem, our research group is investigating new types of lightweight, organic, polymeric materials with conductive backbones as a possible replacement for the cathodic materials in Lithium-Ion batteries. …

Indolizine Donor-Based Dyes For Applications In Fluorescence Biological Imaging, William Meador

Honors Theses

NIR emissive fluorophores are intensely researched due to their potential to replace modern imaging procedures. Many molecular strategies have been employed in the literature to optimize fluorophores for deeper NIR absorption and emission, biocompatibility, and higher fluorescence quantum yields. Amongst the fluorophores studied to date, proaromatic indolizine donors are attractive alternatives to traditional alkyl amine and indoline based donors due to their 1) lower energy absorption and emission facilitated by proaromaticity, 2) large Stokes shifts due to increased dihedral angles about the π-system, 3) ease of functionalization and capacity for bioconjugation at the phenyl ring, and 4) potential for further …

Computational Analysis Beyond The Monomer Frontier Orbitals For Photovoltaic Donor-Polymer Candidates, Mitchell E. Lahm, Megan M. Niblock, John M. Migliore, Kendra M. Mckenzie, Hans P. Lüthi, Rollin A. King

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Scharber et al. proposed an efficiency model for organic photovoltaic cells based on the orbital energies of the monomers of the donor- and acceptor- polymers [Advanced Materials 18 (2006) 789–794]. We report theoretical extensions of this approach. First, the frontier-orbital energies and electronic spectra of n-length oligomers (n = 1 − 5) of 3-butylthiophene have been determined. The results show reasonable convergence with respect to system size at the point of a trimer with alkyl end caps. The HOMO-LUMO gap well matches computed excitation energies. Second, the structures and electronic spectra of dimers formed by three different monomers, with various …

Aerial Mineral And Organic Particulate Deposition In East Texas, Sarah Caton, Sarah Caton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study determined the monthly amount, particle size distribution, and chemical composition of particulate deposition in East Texas over a one-year period. It also recognized the seasonal patterns of this deposition as well as its primary origins as either mineral or organic particulate deposition.

The study recorded the monthly mass of deposition, particle size distribution, and the chemical makeup of deposition throughout a period of twelve months at seven sampling locations. SEM-EDS technology was used in conjunction with PCI programming to measure the sizes of depositional particles throughout this time period and identify their chemical composition.

The total yearly deposition …

Synthesis And Design Of Novel Polymer Grafted Nanoparticles Relevant To Drug Delivery Vehicles For Biomedical Applications, Maan Abduldiyem Hassan Al-Ali

Theses and Dissertations

The modification of inorganic nanoparticles with organic polymer chains has become a significant field of study for the engineering of advanced nanocomposite materials. This dissertation presents the design, synthesis, and characterization of novel polymer grafted silica nanoparticles as new strategies to combat bacterial resistance. Described herein is the synthesis of monomers that have been graft polymerized onto silica nanoparticles that can be used as a delivery drug vehicle for biomedical applications. The polymerization of these monomers was performed via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The molecular design of the RAFT agents that are attached to the surfaces of the …

Integrative Experience: Soil Microbes And The Sustainability Of Organic Agriculture, Kristen Deangelis, Luiz Domeignoz Horta

Microbiology Educational Materials

This curriculum describes a one-unit course designed to fulfill the University of Massachusetts requirement for Integrative Experience as part of the Gen Ed curriculum for undergraduates.

A Brief Introduction To The Applications Of Small Organic Molecules As Food Additives, Zhou Zhou

Open Educational Resources

A new chapter in Introductory Organic Chemistry course. Lecture PowerPoint file and laboratory document are also included in this work.

• The goal of this chapter is to cover the basic ground of the food additives from the perspective of organic chemistry. This chapter has three parts.
  • Part one: Introduction of the food additive industry including the history, definition and the purposes of food additives.
  • Part two: The terminology in food additives and in organic chemistry, how to locate trustworthy data sheets for chemicals, and how to interpret the toxicity data.
  • Part three: Different families of organic compounds used as food …

Influence Of Conformational Restriction On The Antibacterial Activity And Ribosomal Selectivity Of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics, Michael Gabriel Pirrone

Wayne State University Dissertations

The ever-increasing threat posed by multidrug-resistant infectious bacteria necessitates

the development of novel antibiotics. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are growing in interest due to

their broad spectrum of activity, lack of known drug related allergies, low manufacturing cost,

and their well-studied mechanism of action. The simplification of rational drug design due to the

well-studied mechanism of action is the key to overcoming the issues presented by these drugs,

namely ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

A study of the effect of the conformation of the aminoglycoside ring I side chain is

described wherein it was discovered that an increase in a particular conformation augments the …

Synthesis And Design Of Novel Polymer Grafted Nanoparticles Relevant To Drug Delivery Vehicles For Biomedical Application, Maan Abduldiyem Hassan Al-Ali

Theses and Dissertations

The modification of inorganic nanoparticles with organic polymer chains has become a significant field of study for the engineering of advanced nanocomposite materials. This dissertation presents the design, synthesis, and characterization of novel polymer grafted silica nanoparticles as new strategies to combat bacterial resistance. Described herein is the synthesis of monomers that have been graft polymerized onto silica nanoparticles that can be used as a delivery drug vehicle for biomedical applications. The polymerization of these monomers was performed via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The molecular design of the RAFT agents that are attached to the surfaces of the …

C(Sp2)-C(Sp3) Cross-Coupling Of Aryl Halides And Active C(Sp3)-H Bonds Via Dual Catalysis: Organic Photocatalysis/Nickel Redox Catalysis, Nicholas Armada

Department of Chemistry: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Convenient catalytic methodologies that can facilitate the formation of C-C bonds are undoubtedly of great interest in synthetic organic chemistry. Recent reports in literature have showcased hybrid catalytic methods that couple Ni-redox catalysis and photocatalysis to enable C-H activation of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and subsequent cross-coupling with aryl halides in appreciable yields and under relatively mild reaction conditions.^1-2 However, these studies used expensive, heavy metal-containing photocatalysts and both report difficulty obtaining low-specificity across their scopes of aryl-halides. The following report will shed light on a class of photo-excitable small organic molecules that – in conjunction with a catalytic Ni-redox cycle …

Design And Synthesis Of Tlr2 And Tlr6 Heterodimer Ligands, A Triply Functionalized Α-Galcer Derivative For Identifying Proteins Involved In Glycolipid Trafficking, And The Disaccharide Of Staphylococcus Aureus Cp8 Towards A Self-Adjuvanting Vaccine, Sara Mayeth Mata

Theses and Dissertations

Toll like receptors (TLRs) are found on B cells, macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells, and these cells belong to the innate immune system that recognizes antigens and induces multiple cell responses through the release of cytokines. TLR1, TLR2 and TLR6 function as heterodimers, either as TLR1/TLR2 or TLR2/TLR6 to recognize lipopeptides. TLR1/2 dimer activation releases inflammatory cytokines, while TLR2/TLR6 dimer activation releases immunomodulatory cytokines. Based on the size of the binding pocket between TLR2 and TLR6, it was hypothesized that lipopeptides, such as FSL1, could be simplified while keeping overall activity. FSL1 is a lipopeptide first isolated from Mycoplasma salivarum …

Effects Of Disorder On Thermoelectric Properties Of Semiconducting Polymers, Zlatan Aksamija, Dhandapani Venkataraman, Connor J. Boyle, Meenakshi Upadhyaya

Zlatan Aksamija