Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Learning Mortality Risk For Covid-19 Using Machine Learning And Statistical Methods, Shaoshi Zhang

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

This research investigates the mortality risk of COVID-19 patients across different variant waves, using the data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) websites. By analyzing the available data, including patient medical records, vaccination rates, and hospital capacities, we aim to discern patterns and factors associated with COVID-19-related deaths.

To explore features linked to COVID-19 mortality, we employ different techniques such as Filter, Wrapper, and Embedded methods for feature selection. Furthermore, we apply various machine learning methods, including support vector machines, decision trees, random forests, logistic regression, K-nearest neighbours, na¨ıve Bayes methods, and artificial neural networks, to uncover underlying …

Deep Learning Image Analysis To Isolate And Characterize Different Stages Of S-Phase In Human Cells, Kevin A. Boyd, Rudranil Mitra, John Santerre, Christopher L. Sansam

SMU Data Science Review

Abstract. This research used deep learning for image analysis by isolating and characterizing distinct DNA replication patterns in human cells. By leveraging high-resolution microscopy images of multiple cells stained with 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), a replication marker, this analysis utilized Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to perform image segmentation and to provide robust and reliable classification results. First multiple cells in a field of focus were identified using a pretrained CNN called Cellpose. After identifying the location of each cell in the image a python script was created to crop out each cell into individual .tif files. After careful annotation, a CNN was …

Differentiation Of Human, Dog, And Cat Hair Fibers Using Dart Tofms And Machine Learning, Laura Ahumada, Erin R. Mcclure-Price, Chad Kwong, Edgard O. Espinoza, John Santerre

SMU Data Science Review

Hair is found in over 90% of crime scenes and has long been analyzed as trace evidence. However, recent reviews of traditional hair fiber analysis techniques, primarily morphological examination, have cast doubt on its reliability. To address these concerns, this study employed machine learning algorithms, specifically Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Random Forest, on Direct Analysis in Real Time time-of-flight mass spectra collected from human, cat, and dog hair samples. The objective was to develop a chemistry- and statistics-based classification method for unbiased taxonomic identification of hair. The results of the study showed that LDA and Random Forest were highly …

Cm-Ii Meditation As An Intervention To Reduce Stress And Improve Attention: A Study Of Ml Detection, Spectral Analysis, And Hrv Metrics, Sreekanth Gopi

Master of Science in Computer Science Theses

Students frequently face heightened stress due to academic and social pressures, particularly in de- manding fields like computer science and engineering. These challenges are often associated with serious mental health issues, including ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), depression, and an increased risk of suicide. The average student attention span has notably decreased from 21⁄2 minutes to just 47 seconds, and now it typically takes about 25 minutes to switch attention to a new task (Mark, 2023). Research findings suggest that over 95% of individuals who die by suicide have been diagnosed with depression (Shahtahmasebi, 2013), and almost 20% of students …

Phenotyping Cotton Compactness Using Machine Learning And Uas Multispectral Imagery, Joshua Carl Waldbieser

Theses and Dissertations

Breeding compact cotton plants is desirable for many reasons, but current research for this is restricted by manual data collection. Using unmanned aircraft system imagery shows potential for high-throughput automation of this process. Using multispectral orthomosaics and ground truth measurements, I developed supervised models with a wide range of hyperparameters to predict three compactness traits. Extreme gradient boosting using a feature matrix as input was able to predict the height-related metric with R2=0.829 and RMSE=0.331. The breadth metrics require higher-detailed data and more complex models to predict accurately.

Overcoming Foreign Language Anxiety In An Emotionally Intelligent Tutoring System, Daneih Ismail

College of Computing and Digital Media Dissertations

Learning a foreign language entails cognitive and emotional obstacles. It involves complicated mental processes that affect learning and emotions. Positive emotions such as motivation, encouragement, and satisfaction increase learning achievement, while negative emotions like anxiety, frustration, and confusion may reduce performance. Foreign Language Anxiety (FLA) is a specific type of anxiety accompanying learning a foreign language. It is considered a main impediment that hinders learning, reduces achievements, and diminishes interest in learning.

Detecting FLA is the first step toward reducing and eventually overcoming it. Previously, researchers have been detecting FLA using physical measurements and self-reports. Using physical measures is direct …

Development Of An Explainable Artificial Intelligence Model For Asian Vascular Wound Images, Zhiwen Joseph Lo, Malcolm Han Wen Mak, Shanying Liang, Yam Meng Chan, Cheng Cheng Goh, Tina Peiting Lai, Audrey Hui Min Tan, Patrick Thng, Patrick Thng, Tillman Weyde, Sylvia Smit

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Chronic wounds contribute to significant healthcare and economic burden worldwide. Wound assessment remains challenging given its complex and dynamic nature. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning methods in wound analysis is promising. Explainable modelling can help its integration and acceptance in healthcare systems. We aim to develop an explainable AI model for analysing vascular wound images among an Asian population. Two thousand nine hundred and fifty-seven wound images from a vascular wound image registry from a tertiary institution in Singapore were utilized. The dataset was split into training, validation and test sets. Wound images were classified into …

Exact Models, Heuristics, And Supervised Learning Approaches For Vehicle Routing Problems, Zefeng Lyu

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation presents contributions to the field of vehicle routing problems by utilizing exact methods, heuristic approaches, and the integration of machine learning with traditional algorithms. The research is organized into three main chapters, each dedicated to a specific routing problem and a unique methodology. The first chapter addresses the Pickup and Delivery Problem with Transshipments and Time Windows, a variant that permits product transfers between vehicles to enhance logistics flexibility and reduce costs. To solve this problem, we propose an efficient mixed-integer linear programming model that has been shown to outperform existing ones. The second chapter discusses a practical …

An Intelligent Multi-Modal Framework Towards Assessing Human Cognition, Ashish Jaiswal

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations

Cognition is the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and senses. Fatigue is a loss in cognitive or physical performance due to physiological factors such as insufficient sleep, long work hours, stress, and physical exertion. It adversely affects the human body and can slow reaction times, reduce attention, and limit short-term memory. Hence, there is a need to monitor a person's state to avoid extreme fatigue conditions that can result in physiological complications. However, tools to understand and assess fatigue are minimal. This thesis primarily focuses on building an experimental setup that induces cognitive fatigue (CF) …

Predictive Machine Learning And Its Future In Professional Basketball, Zachary Harmon

Honors College Theses

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an ever-evolving field, transforming various aspects of contemporary life. From language models to immersive gaming experiences, AI technologies have become integral to our daily existence. Among the most promising arenas for AI integration is the world of sports. This research delves into the application of machine learning models to predict NBA game outcomes, shedding light on the profound impact of machine learning in the realm of professional basketball. Beyond the scope of game prediction, this study explores the broader implications, such as optimizing the selection of televised games, assisting players in showcasing their skills, and much …

Algorithm Selection Using Edge Ml And Case-Based Reasoning, Rahman Ali, Muhammad Sadiq Hassan Zada, Asad Masood Khatak, Jamil Hussain

All Works

In practical data mining, a wide range of classification algorithms is employed for prediction tasks. However, selecting the best algorithm poses a challenging task for machine learning practitioners and experts, primarily due to the inherent variability in the characteristics of classification problems, referred to as datasets, and the unpredictable performance of these algorithms. Dataset characteristics are quantified in terms of meta-features, while classifier performance is evaluated using various performance metrics. The assessment of classifiers through empirical methods across multiple classification datasets, while considering multiple performance metrics, presents a computationally expensive and time-consuming obstacle in the pursuit of selecting the optimal …

Evaluation Of Evapotranspiration Estimates Using An Existing Hybrid Machine Learning Model In A Natural And A Managed Dryland Site, Katya Esquivel Herrera

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical component of the hydrologic cycle, encompassing both evaporative water loss from surfaces and transpiration through plant stomata. The environmental factors influencing ET include water and energy availability, atmospheric capacity for water uptake, and various meteorological variables. ET serves as a unique climate variable linking water, energy, and carbon cycles. In agroecosystems, accurate ET quantification is vital for optimizing water use efficiency, irrigation management, and crop yield. Traditional methods for ET estimation involve direct measurements and indirect models, with both presenting limitations.

Recent years have witnessed the integration of remote sensing and machine learning (ML) algorithms …

Designing An Overseas Experiential Course In Data Science, Hua Leong Fwa, Graham Ng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Unprecedented demand for data science professionals in the industry has led to many educational institutions launching new data science courses. It is however imperative that students of data science programmes learn through execution of real-world, authentic projects on top of acquiring foundational knowledge on the basics of data science. In the process of working on authentic, real-world projects, students not only create new knowledge but also learn to solve open, sophisticated, and ill-structured problems in an inter-disciplinary fashion. In this paper, we detailed our approach to design a data science curriculum premised on learners solving authentic data science problems sourced …

Characterizing Silicate Materials Via Raman Spectroscopy And Machine Learning: Implications For Novel Approaches To Studying Melt Dynamics, Blake O. Ladouceur

Doctoral Dissertations

Silicate melt characteristics impose dramatic influence over igneous processes that operate, or have operated on, differentiated bodies: such as the Earth and Mars. Current understanding of these melt properties, such as composition, primarily comes from investigations on their volcanic byproducts. Therefore, it is imperative to innovate on modalities capable of constraining melt information in environments where a reliance on laboratory methods is severed. Recent investigations have turned to Raman Spectroscopy and amorphous volcanics as a suitable pairing for exploring these ideas. Silicate glasses are a proxy for igneous melts; and Raman spectroscopy is a robust analytical technique capable of operating …

Damage Detection With An Integrated Smart Composite Using A Magnetostriction-Based Nondestructive Evaluation Method: Integrating Machine Learning For Prediction, Christopher Nelon

All Dissertations

The development of composite materials for structural components necessitates methods for evaluating and characterizing their damage states after encountering loading conditions. Laminates fabricated from carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs) are lightweight alternatives to metallic plates; thus, their usage has increased in performance industries such as aerospace and automotive. Additive manufacturing (AM) has experienced a similar growth as composite material inclusion because of its advantages over traditional manufacturing methods. Fabrication with composite laminates and additive manufacturing, specifically fused filament fabrication (fused deposition modeling), requires material to be placed layer-by-layer. If adjacent plies/layers lose adhesion during fabrication or operational usage, the strength …

Impact Of Weather Factors On Airport Arrival Rates: Application Of Machine Learning In Air Transportation, Robert W. Maxson, Dothang Truong, Woojin Choi

Publications

Weather is responsible for approximately 70% of air transportation delays in the National Airspace System, and delays resulting from convective weather alone cost airlines and passengers millions of dollars each year due to delays that could be avoided. This research sought to establish relationships between environmental variables and airport efficiency estimates by data mining archived weather and airport performance data at ten geographically and climatologically different airports. Several meaningful relationships were discovered from six out of ten airports using various machine learning methods within an overarching data mining protocol, and the developed models were tested using historical data.

Enhanced Privacy-Enabled Face Recognition Using Κ-Identity Optimization, Ryan Karl

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Facial recognition is becoming more and more prevalent in the daily lives of the common person. Law enforcement utilizes facial recognition to find and track suspects. The newest smartphones have the ability to unlock using the user's face. Some door locks utilize facial recognition to allow correct users to enter restricted spaces. The list of applications that use facial recognition will only increase as hardware becomes more cost-effective and more computationally powerful. As this technology becomes more prevalent in our lives, it is important to understand and protect the data provided to these companies. Any data transmitted should be encrypted …

Predicting New Crescent Moon Visibility Applying Machine Learning Algorithms, Murad Al-Rajab, Samia Loucif, Yazan Al Risheh

All Works

The world's population is projected to grow 32% in the coming years, and the number of Muslims is expected to grow by 70%—from 1.8 billion in 2015 to about 3 billion in 2060. Hijri is the Islamic calendar, also known as the lunar Hijri calendar, which consists of 12 lunar months, and it is tied to the Moon phases where a new crescent Moon marks the beginning of each month. Muslims use the Hijri calendar to determine important dates and religious events such as Ramadan, Haj, Muharram, etc. Till today, there is no consensus on deciding on the beginning of …

Accelerating Machine Learning Inference For Satellite Component Feature Extraction Using Fpgas., Andrew Ekblad

Theses and Dissertations

Running computer vision algorithms requires complex devices with lots of computing power, these types of devices are not well suited for space deployment. The harsh radiation environment and limited power budgets have hindered the ability of running advanced computer vision algorithms in space. This problem makes running an on-orbit servicing detection algorithm very difficult. This work proposes using a low powered FPGA to accelerate the computer vision algorithms that enable satellite component feature extraction. This work uses AMD/Xilinx’s Zynq SoC and DPU IP to run model inference. Experiments in this work centered around improving model post processing by creating implementations …

Machine Learning Based Bioinformatics Analysis Of Intron Usage Alterations And Metabolic Regulation In Adipose Browning, Hamza Umut Karakurt, Pinar Pi̇r

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Adipose tissue is the major energy depot of the body and is considered an endocrine organ. Adipose tissue involves many different cell types, first and foremost, the adipocytes. White adipose cells that store fat and brown adipocytes that take part in lipid oxidation and heat generation are the most common cell types in adipose tissue. Even though brown adipocytes which have a high number of mitochondria and high fat-burning capacity are rare in adults, they are abundant in newborns and rodents. White adipocytes can gain a temporal brown-like character with a process called browning, which can be induced with cold …

Learning-Based Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm For Solving A Kind Of Complex 2-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem, Xue Chen, Rong Hu, Hui Wang, Zuocheng Li, Bin Qian, Yixu Li

Journal of System Simulation

Abstract: Aiming at green 2-echelon vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pick-up and delivery, a learning-based ant colony optimization algorithm combined with clustering decomposition is proposed. The objective function to be minimized is total transportation cost wherein carbon emission cost is specially considered. Associated with the mutual coupling features of the 2-echelon vehicle routing problem, we propose a distance-based clustering method to decompose the original problem into a set of sub-problems. Then, a learning-based ant colony optimization algorithm is presented to find the solutions of the sub-problems based on which the solution of the original problem can be obtained. In the …

Fuzzycsampling: A Hybrid Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Sampling Strategy For Imbalanced Datasets, Abdullah Maraş, Çi̇ğdem Erol

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Classification model with imbalanced datasets is recently one of the most researched areas in machine learning applications since they induce to the emergence of low-performing machine learning models. The imbalanced datasets occur if target variables have an uneven number of examples in a dataset. The most prevalent solutions to imbalanced datasets can be categorized as data preprocessing, ensemble techniques, and cost-sensitive learning. In this article, we propose a new hybrid approach for binary classification, named FuzzyCSampling, which aims to increase model performance by ensembling fuzzy c-means clustering and data sampling solutions. This article compares the proposed approaches' results not only …

Offenseval 2023: Offensive Language Identification In The Age Of Large Language Models, Marcos Zampieri, Sara Rosenthal, Preslav Nakov, Alphaeus Dmonte, Tharindu Ranasinghe

Natural Language Processing Faculty Publications

The OffensEval shared tasks organized as part of SemEval-2019-2020 were very popular, attracting over 1300 participating teams. The two editions of the shared task helped advance the state of the art in offensive language identification by providing the community with benchmark datasets in Arabic, Danish, English, Greek, and Turkish. The datasets were annotated using the OLID hierarchical taxonomy, which since then has become the de facto standard in general offensive language identification research and was widely used beyond OffensEval. We present a survey of OffensEval and related competitions, and we discuss the main lessons learned. We further evaluate the performance …

Rate-Of-Penetration (Rop) Prediction Model Based On Formation Characteristics Of Extremely Thick Plastic Mudstone In South China Sea, Zeng Xiaolong, Li Qian, Wei Hongchao, Chen Jiahao, Zhu Haiyan

Coal Geology & Exploration

In terms of petroleum and gas resources, South China Sea is the important energy replacement area in China. However, most of the reservoirs are buried deep, and the strong plasticity of the formation under high confining pressure and the complex geological environment seriously affect the drilling efficiency. It is also very difficult to accurately predict the ROP. Hence, a set of intelligent ROP prediction model was established for the extremely thick mudstone formation with unique viscoelastic and strong plastic characteristics in South China Sea. The model took the actual data of 10 wells in an area of South China Sea …

Evaluating The Efficacy Of Chatgpt In Navigating The Spanish Medical Residency Entrance Examination (Mir): Promising Horizons For Ai In Clinical Medicine., Francisco Guillen-Grima, Sara Guillen-Aguinaga, Laura Guillen-Aguinaga, Rosa Alas-Brun, Luc Onambele, Wilfrido Ortega, Rocio Montejo, Enrique Aguinaga-Ontoso, Paul Barach, Ines Aguinaga-Ontoso

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

UNLABELLED: The rapid progress in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and natural language processing has led to increasingly sophisticated large language models (LLMs) for use in healthcare. This study assesses the performance of two LLMs, the GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 models, in passing the MIR medical examination for access to medical specialist training in Spain. Our objectives included gauging the model's overall performance, analyzing discrepancies across different medical specialties, discerning between theoretical and practical questions, estimating error proportions, and assessing the hypothetical severity of errors committed by a physician.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied the 2022 Spanish MIR examination results after excluding …

Migrating 120,000 Legacy Publications From Several Systems Into A Current Research Information System Using Advanced Data Wrangling Techniques, Yrjö Lappalainen, Matti Lassila, Tanja Heikkilä, Jani Nieminen, Tapani Lehtilä

All Works

This article describes a complex CRIS (current research information system) implementation project involving the migration of around 120,000 legacy publication records from three different systems. The project, undertaken by Tampere University, encountered several challenges in data diversity, data quality, and resource allocation. To handle the extensive and heterogenous dataset, innovative approaches such as machine learning techniques and various data wrangling tools were used to process data, correct errors, and merge information from different sources. Despite significant delays and unforeseen obstacles, the project was ultimately successful in achieving its goals. The project served as a valuable learning experience, highlighting the importance …

Data Provenance Via Differential Auditing, Xin Mu, Ming Pang, Feida Zhu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

With the rising awareness of data assets, data governance, which is to understand where data comes from, how it is collected, and how it is used, has been assuming evergrowing importance. One critical component of data governance gaining increasing attention is auditing machine learning models to determine if specific data has been used for training. Existing auditing techniques, like shadow auditing methods, have shown feasibility under specific conditions such as having access to label information and knowledge of training protocols. However, these conditions are often not met in most real-world applications. In this paper, we introduce a practical framework for …

Fabrication Process Independent And Robust Aggregation Of Detonation Nanodiamonds In Aqueous Media, Inga C. Kuschnerus, Haotian Wen, Xinrui Zeng, Yee Yee Khine, Juanfang Ruan, Chun Jen Su, U. Ser Jeng, Hugues A. Girard, Jean Charles Arnault, Eiji Ōsawa, Olga Shenderova, Vadym Mochalin, Ming Liu, Masahiro Nishikawa

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

In the past detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs), sized 3–5 nm, have been praised for their colloidal stability in aqueous media, thereby attracting vast interest in a wide range of applications including nanomedicine. More recent studies have challenged the consensus that DNDs are monodispersed after their fabrication process, with their aggregate formation dynamics poorly understood. Here we reveal that DNDs in aqueous solution, regardless of their post-synthesis de-agglomeration and purification methods, exhibit hierarchical aggregation structures consisting of chain-like and cluster aggregate morphologies. With a novel characterization approach combining machine learning with direct cryo-transmission electron microscopy and with X-ray scattering and vibrational spectroscopy, …

A Review Of Cyber Attacks On Sensors And Perception Systems In Autonomous Vehicle, Taminul Islam, Md. Alif Sheakh, Anjuman Naher Jui, Omar Sharif, Md Zobaer Hasan

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Vehicle automation has been in the works for a long time now. Automatic brakes, cruise control, GPS satellite navigation, etc. are all common features seen in today's automobiles. Automation and artificial intelligence breakthroughs are likely to lead to an increase in the usage of automation technologies in cars. Because of this, mankind will be more reliant on computer-controlled equipment and car systems in our daily lives. All major corporations have begun investing in the development of self-driving cars because of the rapid advancement of advanced driver support technologies. However, the level of safety and trustworthiness is still questionable. Imagine what …

Faire: Repairing Fairness Of Neural Networks Via Neuron Condition Synthesis, Tianlin Li, Xiaofei Xie, Jian Wang, Qing Guo, Aishan Liu, Lei Ma, Yang Liu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved tremendous success in many applications, while it has been demonstrated that DNNs can exhibit some undesirable behaviors on concerns such as robustness, privacy, and other trustworthiness issues. Among them, fairness (i.e., non-discrimination) is one important property, especially when they are applied to some sensitive applications (e.g., finance and employment). However, DNNs easily learn spurious correlations between protected attributes (e.g., age, gender, race) and the classification task and develop discriminatory behaviors if the training data is imbalanced. Such discriminatory decisions in sensitive applications would introduce severe social impacts. To expose potential discrimination problems in DNNs …