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Articles 1 - 30 of 41
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
The Magnetocaloric Effect & Performance Of Magnetocaloric Materials In A 1d Active Magnetic Regenerator Simulation, Daniel Nicholas Bayer
The Magnetocaloric Effect & Performance Of Magnetocaloric Materials In A 1d Active Magnetic Regenerator Simulation, Daniel Nicholas Bayer
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Active magnetic regenerators (AMRs) operate according to the magnetothermal phenomenon known as the magnetocaloric effect (MCE), and are at the forefront of magnetic cooling technology. AMR simulations have been shown to be useful tools in predicting the performance of different magnetocaloric materials (MCMs) without the need to develop a physical prototype. In a search to determine the set of operational parameters which would maximize MCM performance, a 1D simulation of an AMR device has been developed in Matlab. Gadolinium, the most well-documented MCM, is used as a benchmark material to study the effects of varying certain operational parameters such as …
Analyzing Public View Towards Vaccination Using Twitter, Mahajan Rutuja
Analyzing Public View Towards Vaccination Using Twitter, Mahajan Rutuja
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Educating people about vaccination tends to target vaccine acceptance and reduction of hesitancy. Social media provides a promising platform for studying public perception regarding vaccination. In this study, we harvested tweets over a year related to vaccines from February 2018 to January 2019. We present a two-stage classifier to: (1) classify the tweets as relevant or non-relevant and (2) categorize them in terms of pro-vaccination, anti-vaccination, or neutral outlook. We found that the classifier was able to distinguish clearly between anti-vaccination and pro-vaccination tweets, but also misclassified many of these as neutral. Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation, we found that two …
Use Of Virtual Reality Technology In Medical Training And Patient Rehabilitation, Sankalp Mishra
Use Of Virtual Reality Technology In Medical Training And Patient Rehabilitation, Sankalp Mishra
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Coaching patients to follow the rehabilitation routines correctly and timely after surgery is often a challenge due to the limited medical knowledge of patients and limited availability of clinicians. Similarly, it is also a challenge to train medical professionals with both the technical and communication skills required in their practices. The recent emergence of VR technologies shines the light on improving the current training practices. In this thesis research, I will look at the development and application of VR-based immersive training games for two particular cases: 1. Post hand surgery rehab; and, 2. Training for Social determinants of health (SDOH) …
Accelerating Reverse Engineering Image Processing Using Fpga, Matthew Joshua Harris
Accelerating Reverse Engineering Image Processing Using Fpga, Matthew Joshua Harris
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In recent decades, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have evolved beyond simple, expensive computational components with minimal computing power to complex, inexpensive computational engines. Today, FPGAs can perform algorithmically complex problems with improved performance compared to sequential CPUs by taking advantage of parallelization. This concept can be readily applied to the computationally dense field of image manipulation and analysis. Processed on a standard CPU, image manipulation suffers with large image sets processed by highly sequential algorithms, but by carefully adhering to data dependencies, parallelized FPGA functions or kernels offer the possibility of significant improvement through threaded CPU functions. This thesis …
Mapping Of Suspected Unmarked Burials As High Resistivity Anomalies At The Stevenson Cemetery Near Xenia, Ohio, Philip Alexander Marsh
Mapping Of Suspected Unmarked Burials As High Resistivity Anomalies At The Stevenson Cemetery Near Xenia, Ohio, Philip Alexander Marsh
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The purpose of this thesis was to further study geophysical anomalies discovered and mapped by Shank (2013) at the Stevenson Cemetery, Greene County, Ohio, with the goal of delineating any resistivity anomaly possibly associated with suspected, but unmarked, burial sites. The previous study delineated geophysical anomalies using electromagnetic (EM), magnetic, and ground penetrating radar surveys, which were interpreted to represent unmarked burial sites. A hand-drawn map from the 1950’s shows a pattern of gravesites across this area, and three aligned subtle depressions are present at the surface in the study area. The focus of this study was to expand the …
Static Evaluation Of Type Inference And Propagation On Global Variables With Varying Context, Ivan Frasure
Static Evaluation Of Type Inference And Propagation On Global Variables With Varying Context, Ivan Frasure
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Software reverse engineering (SRE) is a broad field with motivations ranging from verifying or documenting gordian source code files to understanding and reimplementing binary object files and executables. SRE of binaries is exceptionally compelling and challenging due to large amounts of information that can be lost in the compilation progress. A central area in SRE is type inference. Type inference is built around a fundamental step in understanding the behavior of a binary, recovering the types of data in the program. Type inference has many unique techniques in both static and dynamic type inference systems that have been implemented in …
Ammonium Cycling And Nitrifier Community Composition In Eutrophic Waters Affected By Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms, Justyna J. Hampel
Ammonium Cycling And Nitrifier Community Composition In Eutrophic Waters Affected By Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms, Justyna J. Hampel
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Non-point source nitrogen (N) from agriculture is a main driver of eutrophication in aquatic systems, which often manifests as toxin producing cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs). Non-N2 fixing cyanobacteria, such as Microcystis, thrive on chemically reduced N forms (e.g., ammonium (NH4+) and urea) used as the main N form in fertilizer. NH4+ turnover rates are important components of the aquatic N cycle in eutrophic lakes affected by cyanoHABs. Regeneration of NH4+ can contribute to the internal cycling of NH4+, which can sustain cyanoHABs when external loads are low. Additionally, NH4+ uptake by cyanobacteria competes directly with nitrification, another important pathway …
Paradoxical Behavior In Groundwater Levels In Response To Precipitation Events, Alexandra Shelters
Paradoxical Behavior In Groundwater Levels In Response To Precipitation Events, Alexandra Shelters
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Groundwater levels are expected to fluctuate with precipitation, rising when precipitation increases and falling when it decreases. However, observations often show that groundwater levels rise in months when precipitation has decreased from the previous month, or alternately, falls in months when precipitation has increased from the previous month. Such paradoxical behavior is documented in a 30-year record for a monitoring well in southwestern Ohio. This record was analyzed to evaluate the hypothesis that mass balance controls the change in groundwater level such that changes cannot be predicted solely from monthly changes in precipitation. Though precipitation may vary from one month …
Securing Modern Cyberspace Using A Multi-Faceted Approach, Yu Li
Securing Modern Cyberspace Using A Multi-Faceted Approach, Yu Li
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Security has become one of the most significant concerns for our cyberspace. Securing the cyberspace, however, becomes increasingly challenging. This can be attributed to the rapidly growing diversities and complexity of the modern cyberspace. Specifically, it is not any more dominated by connected personal computers (PCs); instead, it is greatly characterized by cyber-physical systems (CPS), embedded systems, dynamic services, and human-computer interactions. Securing modern cyberspace therefore calls for a multi-faceted approach capable of systematically integrating these emerging characteristics. This dissertation presents our novel and significant solutions towards this direction. Specifically, we have devised automated, systematic security solutions to three critical …
Recognition Of Incomplete Objects Based On Synthesis Of Views Using A Geometric Based Local-Global Graphs, Michael Christopher Robbeloth
Recognition Of Incomplete Objects Based On Synthesis Of Views Using A Geometric Based Local-Global Graphs, Michael Christopher Robbeloth
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The recognition of single objects is an old research field with many techniques and robust results. The probabilistic recognition of incomplete objects, however, remains an active field with challenging issues associated to shadows, illumination and other visual characteristics. With object incompleteness, we mean missing parts of a known object and not low-resolution images of that object. The employment of various single machine-learning methodologies for accurate classification of the incomplete objects did not provide a robust answer to the challenging problem. In this dissertation, we present a suite of high-level, model-based computer vision techniques encompassing both geometric and machine learning approaches …
Preference, Performance, And Selection Of Historic And Novel Hosts By Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus Planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), Donnie L. Peterson
Preference, Performance, And Selection Of Historic And Novel Hosts By Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus Planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), Donnie L. Peterson
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North American and European ash trees are highly susceptible to emerald ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis). This buprestid kills hosts via larva feeding on vascular tissue which eventually kills the host plant. Two new hosts have recently been found to support larval development of EAB. White fringetrees (Chionathus virginicus) were found attacked by EAB in 2014 and since then have been found to be attacked throughout other parts of the United States, while olive (Olea europaea) has only experimentally been found to support larvae to adulthood. Chemical profiles of these two plants were collected and analyzed to determine how their …
Islands Of Fitness Compact Genetic Algorithm For Rapid In-Flight Control Learning In A Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle: A Search Space Reduction Approach, Kayleigh E. Duncan
Islands Of Fitness Compact Genetic Algorithm For Rapid In-Flight Control Learning In A Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle: A Search Space Reduction Approach, Kayleigh E. Duncan
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On-going effective control of insect-scale Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicles could be significantly advantaged by active in-flight control adaptation. Previous work demonstrated that in simulated vehicles with wing membrane damage, in-flight recovery of effective vehicle attitude and vehicle position control precision via use of an in-flight adaptive learning oscillator was possible. Most recent approaches to this problem employ an island-of-fitness compact genetic algorithm (ICGA) for oscillator learning. The work presented provides the details of a domain specific search space reduction approach implemented with existing ICGA and its effect on the in-flight learning time. Further, it will be demonstrated that the proposed …
Knowledge-Enabled Entity Extraction, Hussein S. Al-Olimat
Knowledge-Enabled Entity Extraction, Hussein S. Al-Olimat
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Information Extraction (IE) techniques are developed to extract entities, relationships, and other detailed information from unstructured text. The majority of the methods in the literature focus on designing supervised machine learning techniques, which are not very practical due to the high cost of obtaining annotations and the difficulty in creating high quality (in terms of reliability and coverage) gold standard. Therefore, semi-supervised and distantly-supervised techniques are getting more traction lately to overcome some of the challenges, such as bootstrapping the learning quickly. This dissertation focuses on information extraction, and in particular entities, i.e., Named Entity Recognition (NER), from multiple domains, …
Knowledge Graph Reasoning Over Unseen Rdf Data, Bhargavacharan Reddy Kaithi
Knowledge Graph Reasoning Over Unseen Rdf Data, Bhargavacharan Reddy Kaithi
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In recent years, the research in deep learning and knowledge engineering has made a wide impact on the data and knowledge representations. The research in knowledge engineering has frequently focused on modeling the high level human cognitive abilities, such as reasoning, making inferences, and validation. Semantic Web Technologies and Deep Learning have an interest in creating intelligent artifacts. Deep learning is a set of machine learning algorithms that attempt to model data representations through many layers of non-linear transformations. Deep learning is in- creasingly employed to analyze various knowledge representations mentioned in Semantic Web and provides better results for Semantic …
Supersonic Euler And Magnetohydrodynamic Flow Past Cones, Ian C. Holloway
Supersonic Euler And Magnetohydrodynamic Flow Past Cones, Ian C. Holloway
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This work contains the derivation and type analysis of the conical Euler and Ideal Magnetohydrodynamic equations. The 3 dimensional Euler equations and the Ideal MHD equations with Powell source terms, subject to the assumption that the solution is conically invariant, are projected onto a unit sphere using tools from tensor calculus. Conical flows provide valuable insight into supersonic and hypersonic flow past bodies, but are simpler to analyze and solve numerically. Previously, work has been done on conical inviscid flows governed by the compressible Euler equations with great success. It is known that some flight regimes involve flows of ionized …
Determination Of Benzotriazole And Analog Compounds By Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry In Surface Runoff Water Samples From Wilmington Air Park, Jessica A. Wiese
Determination Of Benzotriazole And Analog Compounds By Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry In Surface Runoff Water Samples From Wilmington Air Park, Jessica A. Wiese
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Benzotriazole (BTri) and its analog compounds are widely used in aircraft de-icing and anti-icing solutions, however their high solubility in water and resistance to biodegradation results in only their partial removal in wastewater treatment, and therefore makes them potential contaminants in watershed systems. The Wilmington Air Park in Wilmington, Ohio currently has two surface-runoff lagoons to pre-treat water containing these de-icing compounds before releasing it into nearby streams. Because the Wilmington Air Park has recently made an agreement with a major online retailer to lease over two dozen planes and open a package-sorting facility beginning in late 2019, the goal …
Silver Nanoparticles: An Effective Antibacterial Agent Against Gram-Negative Bacteria, Ashley M. Wilcox
Silver Nanoparticles: An Effective Antibacterial Agent Against Gram-Negative Bacteria, Ashley M. Wilcox
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A fourth of the world’s population lack access to safe water, thus the need for a more effective water treatment is imperative. Interest in silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has grown in the last decade. Unlike chlorine, AgNPs do not form disinfection by products (DBPs), making them a prime candidate for drinking water treatment. The main aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial activity of electrochemical silver nanoparticles (eAgNPs-f) of ~5 nm in diameter against well-established pathogens: Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella variicola (K. variicola), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) to chlorine and Ag+ for drinking water. This was achieved …
Lead In Tap Water Of Public Schools Near Dayton, Ohio, Baylee Stark
Lead In Tap Water Of Public Schools Near Dayton, Ohio, Baylee Stark
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Lead (Pb) is a human-health concern, especially with regard to exposures of children. Lead contaminated drinking water is a primary route of exposure for children; however, water sampling for Pb is voluntary in schools with a public water supply. This study examined Pb in tap water from public schools around Dayton, OH. Schools were selected to span a range of ages (construction year) and community socioeconomic status. Of the 28 schools contacted, seven responded "affirmatively" to sampling, two responded "negatively", and 19 did not respond. None of the schools that were sampled had Pb concentrations exceeding the U.S. EPA guidelines …
Leveraging Blockchain To Mitigate The Risk Of Counterfeit Microelectronics In Its Supply Chain, Aman Ali Pogaku
Leveraging Blockchain To Mitigate The Risk Of Counterfeit Microelectronics In Its Supply Chain, Aman Ali Pogaku
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System on Chip (SoC) is the backbone component of the electronics industry nowadays. ASIC and FPGA-based SoCs are the two most popular methods of manufacturing SoCs. However, both ASIC and FPGA industries are plagued with risks of counterfeits due to the limitations in Security, Accountability, Complexity, and Governance of their supply chain management. As a result, the current practices of these microelectronics supply chain suffer from performance and efficiency bottlenecks. In this research, we are incorporating blockchain technology into the FPGA and ASIC microelectronic supply chain to help mitigate the risk of counterfeit microelectronics through a secure and decentralized solution …
Design And Development Of An Immersive Simulation For Social Determinants Of Health Training, Lahari Surapaneni
Design And Development Of An Immersive Simulation For Social Determinants Of Health Training, Lahari Surapaneni
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This thesis research project focuses on design and development of an immersion simulation-based training tool that help raise the social determinants of health (SDOH) awareness among the health care providers. Compared to existing classroom lecture and/or role-play based SDOH education approach, our immersion-simulation based approach provides an easy access and highly realistic experience to such training curriculum at anytime and anywhere with an Internet connection. Such an interactive and immersive exposure is critical to raise SDOH awareness and maintain long-lasting empathy towards actual patients in practice, and thus help providers to be better prepared when encountering with those patients. Particularly, …
Implication Of Inorganic Nitrogen And Phosphorous Species As A Cause Of A Harmful Algal Bloom Event In Caesar Creek Lake, Ohio And Its Tributaries, Baxter Jeffrey Foskuhl
Implication Of Inorganic Nitrogen And Phosphorous Species As A Cause Of A Harmful Algal Bloom Event In Caesar Creek Lake, Ohio And Its Tributaries, Baxter Jeffrey Foskuhl
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Agricultural runoff poses a threat to the Wilmington, Ohio municipal water supply and its source waters. A harmful algal bloom (HAB) was documented in June 2019 in Caesar Creek Lake, Waynesville, Ohio. This study seeks to establish baseline nutrient concentrations in Caesar Creek Lake (Warren County, Ohio) and its tributaries, and to identify potential non-point sources of excess nitrogen and phosphorous that contributed to the HAB event. In collaboration with the Wilmington Water Department, dissolved inorganic nitrogen DIN-[N] (sum of NH3-[N], NH4+-[N], NO2--[N], NO3--[N] concentrations), dissolved phosphorous DP-[P], particulate phosphorous PP-[P], total phosphorous TP-[P] (total sum of DP-[P] and PP-[P] …
In Vitro Uptake And Biodistribution Of Silver Nanoparticles In Vero 76 Cells, Miriam A. Crane
In Vitro Uptake And Biodistribution Of Silver Nanoparticles In Vero 76 Cells, Miriam A. Crane
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The number of consumer products containing nanomaterials over the last eight years has increased over two-fold. Silver is one of the most commonly used materials in consumer goods nanoparticle fabrication.1 Thus, the uptake and biodistribution of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) within mammalian cells can provide insight into their possible toxicological effects. In this study, starch-capped AgNPs of an average diameter of 9 ± 5 nm were synthesized via a bottom-up method, and characterized by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), inductively couple plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and absorption spectroscopy. Vero 76 cells were incubated with 0.0, 0.1, 1.0, and 3.0 …
Data-Driven And Knowledge-Based Strategies For Realizing Crowd Wisdom On Social Media, Shreyansh Bhatt
Data-Driven And Knowledge-Based Strategies For Realizing Crowd Wisdom On Social Media, Shreyansh Bhatt
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The wisdom of the crowd is a well-known example of collective intelligence wherein an aggregated judgment of a group of individuals is superior to that of an individual. The aggregated judgment is surprisingly accurate for predicting the outcome of a range of tasks from geopolitical forecasting to the stock price prediction. Recent research has shown that participants' previous performance data contributes to the identification of a subset of participants that can collectively predict an accurate outcome. In the absence of such performance data, researchers have explored the role of human-perceived diversity, i.e., whether a human considers a crowd as a …
Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis Of Silicon-Doped Beta-Gallium Oxide Films Grown By Pulsed Laser Deposition, Cynthia Thomason Bowers
Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis Of Silicon-Doped Beta-Gallium Oxide Films Grown By Pulsed Laser Deposition, Cynthia Thomason Bowers
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Due to the large band gap of β-Ga2O3 and recent improvements toward high quality native substrates and the ability to shallow dope epitaxial β-Ga2O3 it is an attractive material for applications in power electronic devices. Such devices require advances in the areas of thin film growth and carrier concentration control to deliver high mobility films appropriate for the device structures. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis can provide information concerning doping, crystal structure, and internal strain which will be valuable to assess the role of defects and impurities on the transport properties for feedback to optimize the bulk and epitaxial growth …
Speech Enabled Navigation In Virtual Environments, Raksha Rajashekar
Speech Enabled Navigation In Virtual Environments, Raksha Rajashekar
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Navigating in a Virtual Environment with traditional input devices such as mouse, joysticks and keyboards provide limited maneuverability and is also time consuming. While working in a virtual environment, changing parameters to obtain the desired visualization requires time to achieve by manually entering parameter values in an algorithm to test outcomes. The following thesis presents an alternate user interface to reduce user efforts, while navigating within the Virtual Environment. The user interface is an Android application which is designed to accommodate spoken commands. This Speech Enabled User Interface termed as the Speech Navigation Application (SNA), provides the user with an …
Towards Data And Model Confidentiality In Outsourced Machine Learning, Sagar Sharma
Towards Data And Model Confidentiality In Outsourced Machine Learning, Sagar Sharma
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With massive data collections and needs for building powerful predictive models, data owners may choose to outsource storage and expensive machine learning computations to public cloud providers (Cloud). Data owners may choose cloud outsourcing due to the lack of in-house storage and computation resources or the expertise of building models. Similarly, users, who subscribe to specialized services such as movie streaming and social networking, voluntarily upload their data to the service providers' site for storage, analytics, and better services. The service provider, in turn, may also choose to benefit from ubiquitous cloud computing. However, outsourcing to a public cloud provider …
Abusive And Hate Speech Tweets Detection With Text Generation, Abhishek Nalamothu
Abusive And Hate Speech Tweets Detection With Text Generation, Abhishek Nalamothu
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According to a Pew Research study, 41% of Americans have personally experienced online harassment and two-thirds of Americans have witnessed harassment in 2017. Hence, online harassment detection is vital for securing and sustaining the popularity and viability of online social networks. Machine learning techniques play a crucial role in automatic harassment detection. One of the challenges of using supervised approaches is training data imbalance. Existing text generation techniques can help augment the training data, but they are still inadequate and ineffective. This research explores the role of domain-specific knowledge to complement the limited training data available for training a text …
Kbot: Knowledge-Enabled Personalized Chatbot For Self-Management Of Asthma In Pediatric Population, Dipesh Kadariya
Kbot: Knowledge-Enabled Personalized Chatbot For Self-Management Of Asthma In Pediatric Population, Dipesh Kadariya
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Asthma, chronic pulmonary disease, is one of the major health issues in the United States. Given its chronic nature, the demand for continuous monitoring of patient’s adherence to the medication care plan, assessment of their environment triggers, and management of asthma control level can be challenging in traditional clinical settings and taxing on clinical professionals. A shift from a reactive to a proactive asthma care can improve health outcomes and reduce expenses. On the technology spectrum, smart conversational systems and Internet-of-Things (IoTs) are rapidly gaining popularity in the healthcare industry. By leveraging such technological prevalence, it is feasible to design …
Detecting Malicious Behavior In Openwrt With Qemu Tracing, Jeremy Porter
Detecting Malicious Behavior In Openwrt With Qemu Tracing, Jeremy Porter
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In recent years embedded devices have become more ubiquitous than ever before and are expected to continue this trend. Embedded devices typically have a singular or more focused purpose, a smaller footprint, and often interact with the physical world. Some examples include routers, wearable heart rate monitors, and thermometers. These devices are excellent at providing real time data or completing a specific task quickly, but they lack many features that make security issues more obvious. Generally, Embedded devices are not easily secured. Malware or rootkits in the firmware of an embedded system are difficult to detect because embedded devices do …
Leveraging Schema Information For Improved Knowledge Graph Navigation, Rama Someswar Chittella
Leveraging Schema Information For Improved Knowledge Graph Navigation, Rama Someswar Chittella
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Over the years, the semantic web has emerged as a new generation of the world wide web featuring advanced technologies and research contributions. It has revolutionized the usage of information by allowing users to capture and publish machine-understandable data and expedite methods such as ontologies to perform the same. These ontologies help in the formal representation of a specified domain and foster comprehensive machine understanding. Although, the engineering of ontologies and usage of logic have been an integral part of the web semantics, new areas of research such as the semantic web search, linking and usage of open data on …