Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Investigation Of Membrane Protein Dynamics Using Correlative Single-Particle Tracking And Super-Resolution Microscopy Combined With Bayesian Inference Of Diusion In Arbitrary Landscapes, Hanieh Mazloom Farsibaf

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

Many experiments have shown that the diffusive motion of lipids and membrane proteins are slower on the cell surface than those in artificial lipid bilayers or blebs. One hypothesis that may partially explain this mystery is the effect of the cytoskeleton structures on the protein dynamics. To test this hypothesis, we designed a high-speed single particle tracking microscope and use a hybrid tracking and super-resolution approach on the same cell. We labeled the high-affinity FceRI receptor as a transmembrane protein and GPI-anchored proteins as an example of outer leaflet protein in Rat Basophilic Leukemia (RBL) cells and tracked these membrane …

Near-To-Far Field Signal Propagation For The Wave And Maxwell Equations, Alhassan Ahmed

Mathematics & Statistics ETDs

The Maxwell equations may be viewed as evolution equations which develop an initial state of the electromagnetic field forward in time. Such evolution can be simulated numerically, that is modeled on a computer, in which case the domain of simulation is typically finite in extent. Nonetheless, one is often interested in the electromagnetic waves which reach infinity (of course which is outside of the simulation domain). Thus we are interested in near-to-far field signal propagation, that is a mathematical process where a signal or solution recorded at a finite radius r = r1 can be converted to a signal at …

Structural And Geochronologic Constraints On The Duration Of The Picuris Orogeny And Demise Of An Orogenic Plateau, Northern Nm, Daniel J. Young

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

Metasedimentary and igneous basement rocks in northern New Mexico record episodic pulses of tectonism during cratonic growth from 1.8 to 1.38 Ga. Continued challenges involve parsing the deformational features attributable to the Yavapai Orogeny (1.71-1.68 Ga), Mazatzal orogeny (1.66-1.60 Ga), and Picuris orogeny (1.5-1.38 Ga) in this region and understanding how older structures may have been overprinted and reactivated to explain the observed strain. This paper presents regional cross-sections of the 1.7 Ga Vadito, 1.68 to 1.50 Ga Hondo, and 1.5-1.45 Ga Trampas groups of the Picuris Mountains and Rio Mora areas of northern New Mexico combined with new geochronologic …

A Landscape On The Threshold Of Change: Patterns Of Soil Microbial Ecology Along Dynamic Geomorphic And Hydrologic Features In A Polar Desert, Kelli L. Feeser, David J. Van Horn, Heather N. Buelow, Daniel R. Colman, Theresa A. Mchugh, Jordan G. Okie, Egbert Schwartz, Cristina D. Takacs-Vesbach, Becky A. Ball, Andrew G. Fountain, Michael N. Gooseff, Joseph S. Levy, Maciej K. Obryk

Biology ETDs

The McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) of Antarctica are on the threshold of widespread landscape scale change due to increasing temperature and solar radiation and altered hydrology: buried ice is melting, the soil active layer is thickening, thermokarst features are developing along streams, water tracks are expanding, and lake levels are rising. These changes will impact the microbial communities found in each of the affected habitats. The purpose of this work is to first, understand the spatial distribution of soil bacteria in the MDV, specifically investigating the scale-dependent effects of environmental heterogeneity, and second, to perform surveys and coupled experiments to …

Landscape Evolution Of The Southern Colorado Plateau Using Low-Temperature Apatite Thermochronology And Detrital Zircon And Sanidine Provenance Studies, Carmen L. Winn

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

Chapter 1: Westernmost Grand Canyon

Conflicting hypotheses about the timing of carving of the Grand Canyon involve either a 70 Ma (“old”) or < 6 Ma (“young”) Grand Canyon. This paper evaluates the controversial westernmost segment of the Grand Canyon where the following lines of published evidence firmly favor a “young” Canyon. 1) North-derived Paleocene Hindu Fanglomerate was deposited across the present track of the westernmost Grand Canyon, which therefore was not present at ~55 Ma. 2) The 19 Ma Separation Point basalt is stranded between high relief side canyons feeding the main stem of the Colorado River and was emplaced before these tributaries and the main canyon were incised. 3) Geomorphic constraints indicate that relief generation in tributaries and on plateaus adjacent to the westernmost Grand Canyon took place after 17 Ma. 4) The late Miocene-Pliocene Muddy Creek Formation constraint shows that no river carrying far-traveled materials exited at the mouth of the Grand Canyon until after 6 Ma.

Interpretations of previously-published low-temperature thermochronologic data conflict with these lines of evidence, but are reconciled in this paper via the integration of three methods of analyses on the same sample: apatite (U-Th)/He ages (AHe), ⁴He/³He thermochronometry (⁴He/³He), and apatite fission-track ages and lengths (AFT). “HeFTy” software was used to generate time-temperature (t-T) paths that predict all new and published ⁴He/³He, AH, and AFT data to within assumed …

Coulombic And Non-Coulombic Effects Of Single And Overlapping Electric Double Layers With Surface Charge Regulation, Raviteja Vangara

Chemical and Biological Engineering ETDs

The physical origin of charged interfaces involving electrolyte solutions is in the thermodynamic equilibrium between the surface reactive groups and certain dissolved ionic species in the bulk. This equilibrium is very strongly dependent on the precise local density of these species, also known as potential determining ions in the solution. The latter, however, is determined by the overall solution structure, which is dominated by the large number of solvent molecules relative to all solutes. Hence, the solvent contribution to the molecular structure is a crucial factor that determines the properties of electric double layers. Models that explicitly account for the …

A Pedagogic Analysis Of Linear Algebra Courses, Andrew Taylor

Mathematics & Statistics ETDs

This project is concerned with investigating the question, "Do our applied linear algebra courses (at the University of New Mexico) adequately prepare STEM students for future work in their respective fields?" In order to explore this, surveys were issued to three groups (sections) of students (among two different instructors) at the conclusion of their applied linear algebra course, as well as STEM professors/instructors from a variety of STEM fields. Students were surveyed regarding their perceived mastery of given topics/ideas from the course and professors/instructors were surveyed about the level of mastery they felt was necessary (referred to as ``desired mastery") …

Direct Observation Of Atomic Exchange During Surface Self-Diffusion, Matthew Aaron Koppa

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

The diffusion of adatoms across the (100) plane of iridium has been previously inferred to occur by an exchange mechanism based on site mapping. This study provides the first direct observation that surface self-diffusion can occur by exchange. Iridium enriched to ≥93% ¹⁹¹Ir was deposited onto an atomically clean and smooth Ir(100) plane as observed in an atom probe field ion microscope. Following thermally activated surface self-diffusion the adatom was field desorbed and mass analyzed. Observation of the ¹⁹³Ir isotope in one-half of the cases demonstrates conclusively that atomic exchange can occur during surface self-diffusion.

Using Archaeological Remote Sensing To Evaluate Land Use And Constructed Space In Chaco Canyon, Jennie O. Sturm

Anthropology ETDs

Archaeological remote sensing includes a suite of non-invasive methods that can be used to study elements of the archaeological record that may not be achievable otherwise. Using primarily geophysical remote sensing, and especially ground-penetrating radar (GPR), three studies involving questions of “use” were conducted in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. The first used GPR to study the built interior features of a single room in Pueblo Bonito to evaluate use and function of that room. Three categories of features were identified in the GPR data and confirmed with subsequent excavation. The second study used GPR to re-evaluate an enigmatic land use …

Basal Travertine Of The Bouse Formation: Geochemistry, Diagenesis And Implications For The Integration Of The Colorado River, Christina Ferguson

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

The Pliocene Bouse Formation is discontinuously exposed in the lower Colorado River region and is a record of the first arrival of the Colorado River to the Gulf of California 5 million years ago. It consists broadly of a lower carbonate member (travertine, marl, and bioclastic units) and an upper siliciclastic member (claystone, mudstone, and Colorado River sands). This paper focuses on the basal travertine (synonymous with “tufa”) unit of the lower carbonate member. Because of its basal position and its chemical encrustation of pre-Bouse topography, the travertine can offer insight into the earliest depositional settings and may be a …

Implications Of The Modifiable Areal Unit Problem For Wildfire Analyses, Timothy P. Nagle-Mcnaughton, Xi Gong, Jose A. Constantine

Geography and Environmental Studies Faculty Publications

Wildfires pose a danger to both ecologies and communities. To this end, many large-scale analyses of wildfire patterns and behavior rely on the aggregation of point data to polygons, typically those based on distinct disparate ecological areas. However, the sizes, shapes, andorientations of the polygons to which data are aggregated are not neutral factors in the resulting analysis. The influence of the aggregation polygons on calculated results is known as the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP), which is well-documented in the spatial statistics literature. Despite the documentation of the MAUP, relatively few wildfire studies consider the effects of the MAUP …

Dark Matter Production Beyond The Thermal Wimp Paradigm: An Exploration Of Early Matter Domination Scenarios, Jacek Ksawery Osinski

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

In the standard thermal history of the Universe, the energy density is dominated by radiation throughout the postinflationary era, until matter-radiation equality after big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). However, we currently do not have any observational probes of the pre-BBN period, and radiation domination (RD) is therefore an assumption. Generic early Universe models predict the presence of additional components in the postinflationary Universe which can lead to periods of nonstandard evolution before the onset of BBN. A prominent example of such a period is a phase of early matter domination (EMD) in which the Universe undergoes matter-dominated expansion for a time, …

Interpreting Amalgamation Processes Of A Fluvial Sandstone Of The Nacimiento Formation In The San Juan Basin, New Mexico, Keely Elizabeth Miltenberger

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

Outcrop studies of fluvial sand bodies are important for the study of fluid transport and storage capabilities because the deposits are heterogeneous. 3-D photogrammetry was used to evaluate the amalgamation processes of a multi-storey sheet sandstone in the San Juan Basin, NM. The Angel Peak member was deposited in the proximal-medial transition of a distributive fluvial system by a meandering river during the Paleocene. Within the study area, amalgamation occurred by avulsion and reoccupation of channel-belts to produce five storeys of the multi-storey sheet sandstone. Within each storey is evidence of processes that are internal to a channel-belt, such as …

Reconstructing Energy Flow Through Modern And Historical Marine Communities: Insights From Amino Acid Isotope Analysis, Emma A. Elliott Smith

Biology ETDs

The fundamental currency of life is energy. Organisms need energy to grow, to survive and to reproduce. Understanding the acquisition of energy by consumers is thus a foundational aspect of biological research. This is especially important in the modern era, as impacts of ongoing anthropogenic effects will be mediated or amplified through food webs. Here, I explore how isotopic analysis of individual amino acids – a technique new to ecological studies – can be used to trace energy flow through animal communities in modern and ancient time periods. In particular, I focus on kelp forest food webs, which are nearshore …

Re-Reading Wilczek’S Remark On “Lost In Math”: The Perils Of Postempirical Science And Their Resolution, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Sabine Hossenfelder’s recent book “Lost in Math” has attracted numerous responses, including by notable physicists such as Frank Wilczek. In this article we focus on Wilczek’s remark on that book, in particular on the perils of postempirical science. We also discuss shortly multiverse hypothesis from philosophical perspective. In last section, we offer a resolution from the perspective of Neutrosophic Logic on this problem of classical tension between mathematics and experience approach to physics, which seems to cause the stagnation of modern physics.

Recent Experimental Findings Supporting Smarandache’S Hypothesis And Quantum Sorites Paradoxes And Subquantum Kinetic Model Of Electron, Victor Christianto, Robert N. Boyd, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Smarandache Hypothesis states that there is no speed limit of anything, including light and particles. While the idea is quite simple and based on known hypothesis of quantum mechanics, called Einstein-Podolski-Rosen paradox, in reality such a superluminal physics seems still hard to accept by majority of physicists. Here we review some experiments to support superluminal physics and also findings to explain Smarandache Quantum Paradoxes and Quantum Sorites Paradox. We also touch briefly on new experiment on magneton, supporting SubQuantum Kinetic Model of Electron.

Conclusion & Significance: Multiexperimental findings assessment allows one to verify conjectures by two of us (FS & …

Crustal Structure Beneath The East Coast Magnetic Anomaly From Seismic Refraction Tomography, Collin C. Brandl

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

Syn-rift igneous addition is necessary for successful continental breakup. Past investigations of passive margins have focused on strike perpendicular structure, but potential field anomalies indicate that significant crustal variations may be present. Data from 21 ocean bottom seismometers was acquired as part of the Eastern North American Margin Community Seismic Experiment and was used for tomographic inversion to create 2D velocity models of the margin that are representative of crustal structure. Crustal thickness varies along-strike from ~20 km to ~24 km and a high velocity (Vp > 7 km/s) layer is present at the base of the crust above the Moho. …

New Foundation In The Sciences: Physics Without Sweeping Infinities Under The Rug, Florentin Smarandache, Victor Christianto, Robert Neil Boyd

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

It is widely known among the Frontiers of physics, that “sweeping under the rug” practice has been quite the norm rather than exception. In other words, the leading paradigms have strong tendency to be hailed as the only game in town. For example, renormalization group theory was hailed as cure in order to solve infinity problem in QED theory. For instance, a quote from Richard Feynman goes as follows: “What the three Nobel Prize winners did, in the words of Feynman, was "to get rid of the infinities in the calculations. The infinities are still there, but now they can …

Optimal Relaxation Weights For Multigrid Reduction In Time (Mgrit), Masumi Sugiyama

Mathematics & Statistics ETDs

Based on current trends in computer architectures, faster compute speeds must come from increased parallelism rather than increased clock speeds, which are stagnate. This situation has created the well-known bottleneck for sequential time-integration, where each individual time-value (i.e., time-step) is computed sequentially. One approach to alleviate this and achieve parallelism in time is with multigrid. In this work, we consider the scheme known as multigrid-reduction-in-time (MGRIT), but note that there exist other parallel-in-time methods such as parareal and the parallel full approximation scheme in space and time (PFASST). MGRIT is a full multi-level method applied to the time dimension and …

Using Natural Phenomena To Study The Ionosphere, Joseph Benjamin Malins

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

This dissertation explores novel techniques for observing the ionosphere using natural signals. The ionosphere is a region of plasma hundreds of kilometers above the Earth that affects communication and remote sensing applications across the world. Traditional techniques for observing the ionosphere involve using man made radio signals, either to reflect the signal at HF frequencies or to pass several signals through the ionosphere and compare the difference the ionosphere makes in the signals. However, such techniques are limited by the ability of equipment to produce these signals and by the numerous laws and regulations governing transmission of signals in the …

Integrated Chirped-Grating Spectrometer-On-A-Chip, Shima Nezhadbadeh

Optical Science and Engineering ETDs

In this dissertation we demonstrate a new structure based on waveguide coupling atop a silicon wafer using a chirped grating to provide the dispersion that leads to a high-resolution, compact, fully integrable and CMOS-compatible spectrometer. Light is both analyzed and detected in a single, completely monolithic component which enables realizing a high-resolution portable spectrometer with an extremely compact footprint. The structure is comprised of a SiO₂/Si₃N₄/SiO₂ waveguide on top of a silicon wafer. Grating regions are fabricated on the top cladding of the waveguide. The input light is incident on a chirped grating …

Near-Field And Far-Field Microscopic And Spectroscopic Characterizations Of Coupled Plasmonic, Excitonic And Polymeric Materials, Chih-Feng Wang

Optical Science and Engineering ETDs

The properties of localized surface plasmons (LSP) have been broadly utilized for chemical sensing, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, biomedical imaging and photothermal treatments. By exploiting well-established plasmonic effects, the spectroscopic investigation of intriguing quantum phenomena, such as excitonic interband and intersubband (ISB) transitions in semiconductor heterostructures, was examined and extended in both far- and near-field optical measurements. For far-field characterization, we used colloidal plasmonic Au nanorods (AuNRs) to increase the quantum efficiency of InGaAs/GaAs single quantum well. By analyzing the temperature-dependent photoluminescence enhancement as a function of GaAs capping layer thickness, we attributed the mechanism of the LSP enhancement to …

Design And Applications Of Charge-Separated Metal-Organic Frameworks, Sheela Thapa

Chemistry and Chemical Biology ETDs

Ionic tetrapodal ligands with colinear coordinating arms are very effective for designing hybrid porous materials with unusual structure and properties. The novelty of this research work lies in the utilization of a unique borate ligand that leads to charge-separated MOF structure with tailor designed properties. Borate ligands being tetrahedral afford 3D materials and the negative charge of borate anion can compensate the positive charge of metal ion in the framework. The borate ligands designed in this research consists of quaternary ammonium cation and anionic borate with four pyridine arms. These ligands upon coordination with Cu(I), Cu(II), Ag(I) and Co(II) metal …

Electromagnetic Analysis Of Bidirectional Reflectance From Roughened Surfaces And Applications To Surface Shape Recovery, Julian Antolin Camarena

Physics & Astronomy ETDs

Scattering from randomly rough surfaces is a well-established sub area of electrodynamics. There remains much to be done since each surface and optical processes that may occur in within the scattering medium, and countless other scenarios, is different. There are also illumination models that describe lighting in a scene on the macroscopic scale where geometrical optics can be considered adequate. Of particular interest for us is the intersection of the physical scattering theories and the illumination models. We present two contributions: 1) A minimum of two independent images are needed since any opaque surface can be uniquely specified in terms …

Experimental Testing Of A 3d-Printed Metamaterial Slow Wave Structure For High Power Microwave Generation, Antonio B. De Alleluia

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

A metamaterial (MTM) high power microwave (HPM) vacuum electron device (VED) was developed using 3D printing technology. The specific geometric pattern of the source can produce both negative permittivity and permeability to interact with a relativistic electron beam. The electron beam is generated using a pulsed electron accelerator with a maximum energy of 700 keV and lasting approximately 16 ns. The design of this novel VED consists of a circular waveguide loaded with complementary split-ring resonators in a linear periodic arrangement in which the relativistic beam travels guided by a magnetic field. The electrons interact with the MTM producing electromagnetic …

From Cymatics To Sound Therapy: Their Role In Spirituality And Consciousness Research, Victor Christianto, Kasan Susilo, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Sound is one of the types of waves that can be felt by the sense of hearing (ears). In physics, the definition of sound is something that is produced from objects that vibrate. Objects that produce sound are called sound sources. The sound source that vibrates will vibrate the molecules into the air around it. Sound is mechanical compression or longitudinal waves that propagate through the medium. This medium or intermediate agent can be liquid, solid, gas. So, sound waves can propagate for example in water, coal, or air. Most sounds are a combination of various vibratory signals composed of …

A Remark On How A Consciousness Model And Entanglement Can Lead Us To Quantum Communication, Victor Christianto, Robert N. Boyd, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In a recent paper, we describe how a model of quantum communication based on combining consciousness experiment and entanglement can serve as impetus to stop 5G-caused diseases. Therefore, in this paper we will discuss how entanglement can be explained in terms of quantum theory. This short review may be considered as an effort to bring QM into real problem solving, i.e. telecommunication.

Quantifying The Extent Of Wildfire Impacted Streams In The Western United States, Grady Ball

Water Resources Professional Project Reports

Beginning in the mid-1980s, the number of fires and acres burned by wildfire in the United States has grown at an explosive rate. Several factors, anthropogenic and natural, have converged to create a new era of high frequency, high intensity fires, which is predicted to continue until at least mid-century. Investigations into wildfire impacts have largely focused on post-fire impacts on terrestrial systems, while effects on aquatic ecosystems have been underrepresented. The growing threat of fire to streams has accelerated the need for germane information regarding the spatial extent of fire impacts on watersheds and post-fire impacts to aquatic systems. …

On Three Possible Applications Of Neutrosophic Logic In Applied Sciences, Including Matter Creation, Victor Christianto, Robert N. Boyd, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In the same spirit with the theme of last issue of this SGJ journal (“Ongoing creation”), this paper shortly reviews a plausible mechanism from Aether to become ordinary matter from the perspective of Neutrosophic Logic. We also discuss two other possible applications of Neutrosophic Logic, including a resolution of conflicting paradigms in medicine. We hope that some ideas as outlined herein will be proved useful in the near future.

On Newtonian Dynamics With A Variable Earth Mass: Geodetic Evidence And Its Implications On Pioneer Spacecraft Anomaly And Lageos Satellite, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Around 3 decades ago, Jayant Narlikar & Halton Arp argued on possible variable mass hypothesis cosmology (VMH). In the meantime, the Earth expansion problem has attracted great interest, and recent study gives geodetic evidence that the Earth has been expanding, at least over the recent several decades. Therefore, in the present article discusses some interesting effects related to varying G, but here we argue that instead of varying G we can think of varying mass (M). Among other things we discuss receding planets from the Sun, calculation of Pioneer spacecraft anomaly as proposed by B.G. Sidharth, and also possible slight …