Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Geochemistry And Origins Of Thermal Springs Waters Of The Olympic Peninsula And Cascade Range, Washington, Jon Kenneth K. Golla

Summer Research

The state of Washington contains 98 low temperature (surface temperatures between ~ 20 - 50 ^oC) geothermal springs, which are powered by the convective circulation of groundwater that is heated by the natural heat of the Earth. These systems operate in a cycle that begins when precipitation percolates downward into the subsurface and comes in contact with a heat source. Subsequently the heated water returns to the surface, in most cases, having interacted chemically with rocks in the reservoir and/or along its ascent path. Surveys done by the USGS between the 1970s – early 1990s show there is significant …

Clay Mineralogy And Geochemistry Of Three Offshore Wells In The Southwestern Black Sea, Northern Turkey: The Effect Of Burial Diagenesis On The Conversion Of Smectite To Illite, Yi̇nal Neşes Huvaj, Warren D. Huff

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The conversion of smectite to illite has long been studied by numerous researchers because of its importance as a diagenetic metric. Interpreting the pressure, temperature, and age of the sequences in which this conversion occurs provides the possibility to identify the historical maturation parameters of hydrocarbon sources. The Black Sea Basin is known to be an area that can provide source rocks for oil and gas production. The purpose of this study was to determine the clay minerals and their abundances, to establish a stratigraphic correlation among three wells, which is useful to select specific stratigraphic horizons for hydrocarbon exploration, …

Geochemistry Of Proterozoic Clastic Rocks Of The Kerur Formation Of Kaladgi-Badami Basin, North Karnataka, South India: Implications For Paleoweathering And Provenance, Ariputhiran Ramachandran, Jayagopal Madhavaraju, Sooriamuthu Ramasamy, Yong Il Lee, Sesha Rao, David Lalhmingliana Chawngthu, Kasilingam Velmurugan

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Major, trace, and rare earth element (REE) studies have been conducted on the Proterozoic clastic rocks of the Kerur Formation of the Kaladgi-Badami Basin, South India, to determine their paleoweathering conditions and provenance characteristics. Geochemically, these sedimentary rocks are classified as quartz arenite, arkose, litharenite, and sublitharenite. The chemical index of alteration values and the A-CN-K diagram suggest that the clastics rocks in this study underwent moderate to intensive weathering. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns with light REE enrichment, flat heavy REE, and a negative Eu anomaly also attribute felsic source-rock to sedimentary rocks of the Kerur Formation. In addition, Eu/Eu* (~0.77), …

Comparison Between Natural Radioactivity Levels Andgeochemistry Of Some Granitoids In Western Turkey, Si̇bel Tatar Erkül, Süleyman Fati̇h Özmen, Fuat Erkül, İsmai̇l Boztosun

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Granitoids commonly include K-feldspar, biotite and zircon, apatite, titanite, allanite, and xenotime crystals, which are known to contain common radioactive elements. Radioactive isotopes of 40K, 238U, and 232Th can be harmful to human health with increasing dosage and their quantification should be well defined to assess the suitability of wall-rock granitoids for indoor and outdoor purposes. In this study, it is aimed to correlate the possible relationship between concentrations of natural radionuclides and SiO2, Na2O, K2O, and CaO together with elements U, Th, Zr, Y, Ba, Rb, and Sr to provide a basic approach to the compatibility of geochemical data …

Organic Geochemistry And Element Distribution In Coals Formed In Eocene Lagoon Facies From The Eastern Black Sea Region, Ne Turkey, Çi̇ğdem Saydam Eker, İbrahi̇m Akpinar, Ferkan Si̇pahi̇

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The amount and type, the inorganic element content, and the maturity of organic materials of Eocene coals, shaly coals, and coaly shales exposed in the Gümüşhane and Bayburt districts of the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey were investigated. The depositional environments and hydrocarbon potentials were also interpreted. The total organic carbon concentrations in the studied samples ranged from 0.50% to 63.08%. The samples from Özyurt, Kayadibi, and Tarhanas contained types II and III kerogen, and those from Sökmen and Manas contained type III kerogen. The samples contained Co, Cs, Ga, Hf, Th, U, Y, Mo, Be, Cd, Sb, and …

Geochemistry And C, O, And Sr Isotope Composition Of The Föderata Group Metacarbonates (Southern Veporicum, Western Carpathians, Slovakia):Constraints On The Nature Of Protolith And Its Depositional Environment, Marek Vdacny, Peter Ruzicka, Anna Vozarova

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Major, trace, and rare earth element as well as C, O, and Sr isotope geochemistry is used to provide new insights into the characteristics and depositional environment of the protolith of the Föderata Group metacarbonates in the southern Veporicum cover sequence (Western Carpathians, Slovakia). The metacarbonates are characterized by high LOI and CaO and by small contents of various insoluble components. Among the trace elements investigated, only As, Ba, Co, Cu, Hg, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sr, Th, U, Y, Zn, and Zr display concentrations beyond their detection limits. The metacarbonates are strongly depleted in Rb, Ba, Th, Nb, …

Geochemistry Of The Metavolcanic Rocks From The Çangaldağ Complex In The Central Pontides: Implications For The Middle Jurassic Arc-Back-Arc System In The Neotethyan Intra-Pontide Ocean, Okay Çi̇men, Mehmet Cemal Göncüoğlu, Kaan Sayit

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Çangaldağ Complex in northern central Turkey is one of the main tectonic units of the Central Pontide Structural Complex that represents the remains of the poorly known Intra-Pontide branch of the Neotethys. It comprises low-grade metamorphic rocks of intrusive, extrusive, and volcaniclastic origin displaying a wide range of felsic to mafic compositions. Petrographically the complex consists of basalts-andesites-rhyodacites and tuffs with minor amount of gabbros and diabases. On the basis of geochemistry, the Çangaldağ samples are of subalkaline character and represented by both primitive and evolved members. All rock types are variably depleted in Nb compared to LREEs, similar …

In Situ Geochemistry Of Middle Ordovician Dolomites Of The Upper Mississippi Valley: Evaluation Of The Dorag Model And New Implications For Dolomitizing Fluids, John Michael Callen

LSU Master's Theses

The dolomitization and diagenetic history of Ordovician carbonates of southern Wisconsin has been studied for over a century. Previous studies attributed dolomitization to various single or multiple diagenetic factors and environments. The goal of the study was to resolve arguments regarding dolomitization models, including Badiozamani’s often cited but recently questioned mixing zone model, using LA-ICP-MS focusing on REE to determine the nature of dolomitizing fluids. Analysis revealed that particulate material incorporated into the dolomite affected the geochemical results of many of the samples. Integrating geochemical data with petrographic evidence for diagenetic history, the studied Decorah Formation dolomites were assigned to …

Rhyolite And Trachyte Formation At Lake City Caldera: Insight From Quantitative Textural And Geochemical Analyses, Jordan Lubbers

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Lake City Caldera (22.93 ± 0.02 Ma) is the youngest of 15 Tertiary calderas found within the Southern Rocky Mountain Volcanic Field (SRMVF). Extreme topographical relief of the area reveals the three dimensional exposure of a complex, high-k calc-alkaline, magmatic system, which provides us with the opportunity to study, in detail, how large silicic magmas evolve in the subsurface. The Lake City igneous system is comprised of two major units: a resurgent syenite intrusion and the Sunshine Peak Tuff (Lower, Middle, and Upper). Bulk-rock analyses indicate that the Lower and Middle Sunshine Peak tuff are crystal poor and rhyolitic in …

National Evaluation For Development And Exploration Potential Of Mineral Commodities In Produced Waters, Stephanie Ray

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The U.S. Geological Survey recently updated a geochemical database consisting of data for approximately 160,000 produced waters samples, primarily from petroleum and geothermal reservoirs. Using major and trace elements from conventional and unconventional well types from the database, this Thesis provides a comprehensive, national evaluation for mineral commodity potential in produced waters. Produced waters contain virtually every naturally occurring element and can range in salinity to several times that of seawater. Despite the typical outlook to view produced waters as a waste, they have potential for natural resource development.

This Thesis provides, for each mineral commodity found in the produced …

Geochemical Evidence For Seasonal Controls On The Transportation Of Holocene Loess, Matanuska Valley, Southern Alaska, Usa, Daniel R. Muhs, James R. Budahn, Gary Skipp, John P. Mcgeehin

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Loess is a widespread Quaternary deposit in Alaska and loess accretion occurs today in some regions, such as the Matanuska Valley. The source of loess in the Matanuska Valley has been debated for more than seven decades, with the Knik River and the Matanuska River, both to the east, being the leading candidates and the Susitna River, to the west, as a less favorable source. We report here new stratigraphic, mineralogic, and geochemical data that test the competing hypotheses of these river sources. Loess thickness data are consistent with previous studies that show that a source or sources lay to …

The Role Of Organic Matter In The Surface Chemistry Of Arsenic Compounds On Iron−(Oxyhydr)Oxides Studied By Atr-Ftir, Arthur Situm

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The interaction of organic matter with the interfaces of active soil components such as iron oxides is ubiquitous within soil environments. The presence of organics at these interfaces may have implications for other soil constituents whose mobility is controlled by their ability to bind to active soil components. Most of the studies performed to date which look at these interactions are bulk/batch studies performed ex-situ. Attenuated total internal reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was utilized within this work to study interactions between select model organics (citrate, oxalate and pyrocatechol) and iron−(oxyhydr)oxides, as well as their effect on the surface …

Metamorphic Conditions Of Aluminous Gneisses In The Sawtooth Metamorphic Complex, Idaho, Usa: Implications For The Middle-Lower Crust, Eleanor Wesley-Anne Smith

LSU Master's Theses

The Sawtooth Complex (SMC) of central Idaho contains metasedimentary units that elucidate the pressure-temperature conditions and potentially, the evolution of Precambrian crust in the northwestern United States. Petrographic analysis, whole rock geochemistry, and geothermobarometry combined with thermodynamic phase equilibrium modeling record a regional metamorphic pathway for SMC aluminous gneisses characterized by burial to middle-lower crustal levels with at least two deformational events, followed by a retrograde overprint. P-T conditions are generally consistent with the peak assemblage of SMC aluminous gneisses of bt + grt + sil + ilm + zrn + mnz ± pl ± qtz ± kfs ± ap …

Avon Alkaline Igneous Province, Missouri: Characterization Of Subcontinental Mantle Source And Evolution Via Chemical Analysis Of Olivine, Zachary William Freeman

Masters Theses

"This article presents the crystallization age of, and composition of olivine phenocrysts within an alnoite of, the Avon Alkaline Igneous Province (AAIP) of Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri. The AAIP is an ultramafic igneous province consisting of approx. 80 known intrusives of diverse lithology and texture. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹ Ar geochronology indicates an emplacement age of 386 +/- 1 Ma, which establishes the AAIP as the only known Devonian-age ultramafic igneous body in the Midwestern U.S. Study of the AAIP provides a unique opportunity to characterize the Devonian-age subcontinental mantle and the processes that generated the suite of ultramafic rocks present …

Geochemistry Of Upper Cretaceous Sediments Of Bozeş Formation (Apuseni Mts., Romania) – Provenance Implications, Luminiţa Zaharia, Romona Bălc, Cosmin C. Stremţan, Adriana Socaciu

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

A whole-rock geochemical study was carried out on sandstones from the Upper Cretaceous Bozeş Formation in the southeastern part of the Apuseni Mountains (Romania) in order to constrain their provenance and depositional setting. The geochemical results were compared and integrated with previously reported provenance indicators, such as framework composition and heavy mineral assemblages. The chemical composition is similar for all samples investigated, with limited ranges for both major oxides and trace elements. The sandstones are potassic (Na₂O/K₂O < 1) and can be classified mainly as arenites with a few greywackes. Their immature to relatively mature character is revealed by the SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios, ranging between 3.90 and 11.25, as well as their high Sr/Rb ratios. The …

A Trace Metal Content Database Of Cave Sediments Of Midcontinent U.S.A., Matthew Dale Smith

MSU Graduate Theses

The midcontinent of the United States has thousands of documented caves. These caves contain cave sediments, which are the accumulation of biological, geological, and anthropological debris. At this time there is no known database for trace metals of cave sediments of the midcontinent United States. Considering that caves host a wide variety of life, it is important to create a database to examine potential effects of trace metals on cave systems. In order to develop this baseline, 14 caves were sampled from across the midcontinent. Caves were selected based on geologic and hydrologic attributes. The sediments were analyzed for the …