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2010

Simulation

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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Dynamic Data Driven Application System For Wildfire Spread Simulation, Feng Gu Dec 2010

Dynamic Data Driven Application System For Wildfire Spread Simulation, Feng Gu

Computer Science Dissertations

Wildfires have significant impact on both ecosystems and human society. To effectively manage wildfires, simulation models are used to study and predict wildfire spread. The accuracy of wildfire spread simulations depends on many factors, including GIS data, fuel data, weather data, and high-fidelity wildfire behavior models. Unfortunately, due to the dynamic and complex nature of wildfire, it is impractical to obtain all these data with no error. Therefore, predictions from the simulation model will be different from what it is in a real wildfire. Without assimilating data from the real wildfire and dynamically adjusting the simulation, the difference between the …


Geant4 Developments And Applications, J. Allison, K. Amako, J. Apostolakis, H. Araujo, P. Arce Dubois, M. Asai, G. Barrand, R. Capra, S. Chauvie, R. Chytracek, G. A. P. Cirrone, Gene D. Cooperman, G. Cosmo, G. Cuttone, G. G. Daquino, M. Donszelmann, M. Dressel, G. Folger, F. Foppiano, J. Generowicz, V. Grichine, S. Guatelli, P. Gumplinger, A. Heikkinen, I. Hrivnacova, A. Howard, S. Incerti, V. Ivanchenko, T. Johnson, F. Jones, T. Koi, R. Kokoulin, M. Kossov, H. Kurashige, V. Lara, S. Larsson, F. Lei, O. Link, F. Longo, M. Maire, A. Mantero, B. Mascialino, I. Mclaren, P. Mendez Lorenzo, K. Minamimoto, K. Murakami, P. Nieminen, L. Pandola, S. Parlati, L. Peralta, J. Perl, A. Pfeiffer, M. G. Pia, A. Ribon, P. Rodrigues, G. Russo, S. Sadilov, G. Santin, T. Sasaki, D. Smith, N. Starkov, S. Tanaka, E. Tcherniaev, B. Tomé, A. Trindade, P. Truscott, L. Urban, M. Verderi, A. Walkden, J. P. Wellisch, D. C. Williams, D. Wright, H. Yoshida Dec 2010

Geant4 Developments And Applications, J. Allison, K. Amako, J. Apostolakis, H. Araujo, P. Arce Dubois, M. Asai, G. Barrand, R. Capra, S. Chauvie, R. Chytracek, G. A. P. Cirrone, Gene D. Cooperman, G. Cosmo, G. Cuttone, G. G. Daquino, M. Donszelmann, M. Dressel, G. Folger, F. Foppiano, J. Generowicz, V. Grichine, S. Guatelli, P. Gumplinger, A. Heikkinen, I. Hrivnacova, A. Howard, S. Incerti, V. Ivanchenko, T. Johnson, F. Jones, T. Koi, R. Kokoulin, M. Kossov, H. Kurashige, V. Lara, S. Larsson, F. Lei, O. Link, F. Longo, M. Maire, A. Mantero, B. Mascialino, I. Mclaren, P. Mendez Lorenzo, K. Minamimoto, K. Murakami, P. Nieminen, L. Pandola, S. Parlati, L. Peralta, J. Perl, A. Pfeiffer, M. G. Pia, A. Ribon, P. Rodrigues, G. Russo, S. Sadilov, G. Santin, T. Sasaki, D. Smith, N. Starkov, S. Tanaka, E. Tcherniaev, B. Tomé, A. Trindade, P. Truscott, L. Urban, M. Verderi, A. Walkden, J. P. Wellisch, D. C. Williams, D. Wright, H. Yoshida

Gene D. Cooperman

Geant4 is a software toolkit for the simulation of the passage of particles through matter. It is used by a large number of experiments and projects in a variety of application domains, including high energy physics, astrophysics and space science, medical physics and radiation protection. Its functionality and modeling capabilities continue to be extended, while its performance is enhanced. An overview of recent developments in diverse areas of the toolkit is presented. These include performance optimization for complex setups; improvements for the propagation in fields; new options for event biasing; and additions and improvements in geometry, physics processes and interactive …


Estimating The Non-Existent Mean And Variance Of The F-Distribution By Simulation, Hamid Reza Kamali, Parisa Shahnazari-Shahrezaei Nov 2010

Estimating The Non-Existent Mean And Variance Of The F-Distribution By Simulation, Hamid Reza Kamali, Parisa Shahnazari-Shahrezaei

Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods

In theory, all moments of some probability distributions do not necessarily exist. In the other words, they may be infinite or undefined. One of these distributions is the F-distribution whose mean and variance have not been defined for the second degree of freedom less than 3 and 5, respectively. In some cases, a large statistical population having an F-distribution may exist and the aim is to obtain its mean and variance which are an estimation of the non-existent mean and variance of F-distribution. This article considers a large sample F-distribution to estimate its non-existent mean and variance using Simul8 simulation …


Management Of Land Use Land Cover Through The Application Of Remote Sensing, Geographic Information Systems And Simulation, Praveen Jha Oct 2010

Management Of Land Use Land Cover Through The Application Of Remote Sensing, Geographic Information Systems And Simulation, Praveen Jha

Praveen Jha Dr

Deforestation and degradation of forest areas, including those in the Protected Areas (PAs), are major concerns in India. There were 2 broad objectives of the study: the technological objective pertained to the development of state-of-art programs that could serve as Decision Support Systems while finalizing plans and policy interventions, while the other objective aimed at generating geo-spatial data in 2 PAs. A part of the Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot, Manas Tiger Reserve (MTR), Assam, India having an area of 2837.12 sq km and an important part of Rajaji-Corbett Tiger Conservation Unit, Rajaji National Park (RNP), Uttarakhand, India, having an area …


Empirical Geographic Modeling Of Switchgrass Yields In The United States, Henriette I. Jager, Latha M. Baskaran, Craig C. Brandt, Ethan B. Davis Sep 2010

Empirical Geographic Modeling Of Switchgrass Yields In The United States, Henriette I. Jager, Latha M. Baskaran, Craig C. Brandt, Ethan B. Davis

Dartmouth Scholarship

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a perennial grass native to the United States that has been studied as a sustainable source of biomass fuel. Although many field‐scale studies have examined the potential of this grass as a bioenergy crop, these studies have not been integrated. In this study, we present an empirical model for switchgrass yield and use this model to predict yield for the conterminous United States. We added environmental covariates to assembled yield data from field trials based on geographic location. We developed empirical models based on these data. The resulting empirical models, which account for spatial …


Long-Lived Time-Dependent Remnants During Cosmological Symmetry Breaking: From Inflation To The Electroweak Scale, Marcelo Gleiser, Noah Graham, Nikitas Stamatopoulos Aug 2010

Long-Lived Time-Dependent Remnants During Cosmological Symmetry Breaking: From Inflation To The Electroweak Scale, Marcelo Gleiser, Noah Graham, Nikitas Stamatopoulos

Dartmouth Scholarship

Through a detailed numerical investigation in three spatial dimensions, we demonstrate that long-lived time-dependent field configurations emerge dynamically during symmetry breaking in an expanding de Sitter spacetime. We investigate two situations: a single scalar field with a double-well potential and an SU(2) non-Abelian Higgs model. For the single scalar, we show that large-amplitude oscillon configurations emerge spontaneously and persist to contribute about 1.2% of the energy density of the Universe. We also show that for a range of parameters, oscillon lifetimes are enhanced by the expansion and that this effect is a result of parametric resonance. For the SU(2) case, …


Perpendicular Ion Heating By Low-Frequency Alfvén-Wave Turbulence In The Solar Wind, Benjamin D. G. Chandran, Bo Li, Barrett N. Rogers, Eliot Quataert, Kai Germaschewski Aug 2010

Perpendicular Ion Heating By Low-Frequency Alfvén-Wave Turbulence In The Solar Wind, Benjamin D. G. Chandran, Bo Li, Barrett N. Rogers, Eliot Quataert, Kai Germaschewski

Dartmouth Scholarship

We consider ion heating by turbulent Alfvén waves (AWs) and kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) with wavelengths (measured perpendicular to the magnetic field) that are comparable to the ion gyroradius and frequencies ω smaller than the ion cyclotron frequency Ω. We focus on plasmas in which β < 1, where β is the ratio of plasma pressure to magnetic pressure. As in previous studies, we find that when the turbulence amplitude exceeds a certain threshold, an ion's orbit becomes chaotic. The ion then interacts stochastically with the time-varying electrostatic potential, and the ion's energy undergoes a random walk. Using phenomenological arguments, we derive an analytic expression for the rates at which different ion species are heated, which we test by simulating test particles interacting with a spectrum of randomly phased AWs and KAWs. We find that the stochastic heating rate depends sensitively on the quantity ε = δv ρ/v , where v (v ) is the component of the ion velocity perpendicular (parallel) to the background magnetic field B 0, and δv ρB ρ) is the rms amplitude of the velocity (magnetic-field) fluctuations at the gyroradius scale. In the case …


Numerical Modeling Of Contaminant Transport In Fractured Porous Media Using Mixed Finite Element And Finite Volume Methods, Chen Dong Aug 2010

Numerical Modeling Of Contaminant Transport In Fractured Porous Media Using Mixed Finite Element And Finite Volume Methods, Chen Dong

All Theses

A mathematical model for contaminant species passing through fractured porous media is presented. In the numerical model, we combine two locally conservative methods, i.e. mixed finite element (MFE) and the finite volume methods. Adaptive triangle mesh is used for effective treatment of the fractures. A hybrid MFE method is employed to provide an accurate approximation of velocities field for both the fractures and matrix which are crucial to the convection part of the transport equation. The finite volume method and the standard MFE method are used to approximate the convection and dispersion terms respectively. Numerical examples in different fractured media …


Computational Modeling Of Biological Neural Networks On Gpus: Strategies And Performance, Byron Galbraith Jul 2010

Computational Modeling Of Biological Neural Networks On Gpus: Strategies And Performance, Byron Galbraith

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Simulating biological neural networks is an important task for computational neuroscientists attempting to model and analyze brain activity and function. As these networks become larger and more complex, the computational power required grows significantly, often requiring the use of supercomputers or compute clusters. An emerging low-cost, highly accessible alternative to many of these resources is the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) - specialized massively-parallel graphics hardware that has seen increasing use as a general purpose computational accelerator thanks largely due to NVIDIA's CUDA programming interface. We evaluated the relative benefits and limitations of GPU-based tools for large-scale neural network simulation and …


Stirring Up The Pot: Can Cooling Flows In Galaxy Clusters Be Quenched By Gas Sloshing?, J. A. A. Zuhone, M. Markevitch, R. E. Johnson Jun 2010

Stirring Up The Pot: Can Cooling Flows In Galaxy Clusters Be Quenched By Gas Sloshing?, J. A. A. Zuhone, M. Markevitch, R. E. Johnson

Dartmouth Scholarship

X-ray observations of clusters of galaxies reveal the presence of edges in surface brightness and temperature, known as "cold fronts." In relaxed clusters with cool cores, these commonly observed edges have been interpreted as evidence for the "sloshing" of the core gas in the cluster's gravitational potential. Such sloshing may provide a source of heat to the cluster core by mixing hot gas from the cluster outskirts with the cool-core gas. Using high-resolution N-body/Eulerian hydrodynamic simulations, we model gas sloshing in galaxy clusters initiated by mergers with subclusters. The simulations include merger scenarios with gas-filled and gasless subclusters. The …


Low-Frequency Turbulence In A Linear Magnetized Plasma, B. N. Rogers, Paolo Ricci Mar 2010

Low-Frequency Turbulence In A Linear Magnetized Plasma, B. N. Rogers, Paolo Ricci

Dartmouth Scholarship

Plasma turbulence in a linear device is explored for the first time with three-dimensional global two-fluid simulations, focusing on the plasma parameters of the Large Plasma Device. Three instabilities are present in the simulations: the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, a sheath-driven instability, and a resistive drift wave instability. The Kelvin-Helmholtz mode is shown to dominate the transport of plasma across the magnetic field. Simple scaling laws are obtained for the plasma profiles.


On Simulating Univariate And Multivariate Burr Type Iii And Type Xii Distributions, Todd C. Headrick, Mohan D. Pant, Yanyan Sheng Mar 2010

On Simulating Univariate And Multivariate Burr Type Iii And Type Xii Distributions, Todd C. Headrick, Mohan D. Pant, Yanyan Sheng

Mohan Dev Pant

This paper describes a method for simulating univariate and multivariate Burr Type III and Type XII distributions with specified correlation matrices. The methodology is based on the derivation of the parametric forms of a pdf and cdf for this family of distributions. The paper shows how shape parameters can be computed for specified values of skew and kurtosis. It is also demonstrated how to compute percentage points and other measures of central tendency such as the mode, median, and trimmed mean. Examples are provided to demonstrate how this Burr family can be used in the context of distribution fitting using …


Cleaning Of Rivers Through The Application Of Advanced Technologies, Praveen Jha Dr Mar 2010

Cleaning Of Rivers Through The Application Of Advanced Technologies, Praveen Jha Dr

Praveen Jha Dr

Despite immense drain on our scarce resources, rivers remain polluted. Waste disposal into rivers on top of meager to absent infrastructural facilities, including treatment facilities, are the most important drivers of pollution. Unscientific development paradigm devoid of adequate environmental safeguards and failure of forestry sector to cope up with the challenge has led to the deteriorated condition of green cover and water. Several state-of-art geo-spatial programs developed by the author would be applied for generating optimum state-of-art plan. Three state-of-art geo-spatial programs - Multi-Algorithm Automation Program (MAAP), Data Automatic Modification Program (DAMP) and Multi-Stage Simulation Program (MUSSIP) - developed primarily …


Core Gas Sloshing In Abell 1644, Ryan E. Johnson, Maxim Markevitch, Gary A. Wegner, Christine Jones, William R. Forman Feb 2010

Core Gas Sloshing In Abell 1644, Ryan E. Johnson, Maxim Markevitch, Gary A. Wegner, Christine Jones, William R. Forman

Dartmouth Scholarship

We present an analysis of a 72 ks Chandra observation of the double cluster Abell 1644 (z = 0.047). The X-ray temperatures indicate that the masses are M 500 = (2.6 ± 0.4) × 1014 h –1 M for the northern sub-cluster and M 500 = (3.1 ± 0.4) × 1014 h –1 M for the southern, main cluster. We identify a sharp edge in the radial X-ray surface brightness of the main cluster, which we find to be a cold front, with a jump in temperature of a factor of ~3. This edge possesses …


Simulating The Fticr-Ms Signal Of A Decaying Beryllium-7 Ion Plasma In A 2d Electrostatic Pic Code, Michael Takeshi Nakata Jan 2010

Simulating The Fticr-Ms Signal Of A Decaying Beryllium-7 Ion Plasma In A 2d Electrostatic Pic Code, Michael Takeshi Nakata

Theses and Dissertations

Beryllium-7 (Be-7) only decays by electron capture into lithium-7 (Li-7) with a half life of 53 days. We study the effect of ionization on this decay rate. We do so by trapping a Be-7 ion plasma in a cylindrical Malmberg-Penning trap and measuring Be-7 and Li-7 concentrations as functions of time by using Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). We have simulated these signals in a 2-dimensional electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) code. The two spectrum peaks merge at high ion densities whereas at low ion densities they can be resolved. The merged peak shifts linearly according to the relative …


Rfid-Enabled Inventory Control Optimization: A Proof Of Concept In A Small-To-Medium Retailer, H. Dane, Katina Michael, S. F. Wamba Jan 2010

Rfid-Enabled Inventory Control Optimization: A Proof Of Concept In A Small-To-Medium Retailer, H. Dane, Katina Michael, S. F. Wamba

Dr Samuel Fosso Wamba

This study examines the impact of radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology on the inventory control practices of a small-to-medium retailer using a proof of concept (PoC) approach. The exploratory study was conducted using a single case study of a hardware retailer stocking 5000 product lines provided by 110 active suppliers. To analyze the present mode of operation, procedural documents, semi-structured interviews and a participant observation was conducted. The basis for the proof of concept was a future mode of operation using a quasi-experimental design. Results indicate that in a small-to-medium retail environment, RFID technology could act as a loss prevention mechanism, …


Rfid-Enabled Inventory Control Optimization: A Proof Of Concept In A Small-To-Medium Retailer, H. Dane, Katina Michael, S. F. Wamba Jan 2010

Rfid-Enabled Inventory Control Optimization: A Proof Of Concept In A Small-To-Medium Retailer, H. Dane, Katina Michael, S. F. Wamba

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

This study examines the impact of radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology on the inventory control practices of a small-to-medium retailer using a proof of concept (PoC) approach. The exploratory study was conducted using a single case study of a hardware retailer stocking 5000 product lines provided by 110 active suppliers. To analyze the present mode of operation, procedural documents, semi-structured interviews and a participant observation was conducted. The basis for the proof of concept was a future mode of operation using a quasi-experimental design. Results indicate that in a small-to-medium retail environment, RFID technology could act as a loss prevention mechanism, …


Simulating Multivariate G-And-H Distributions, Rhonda K. Kowalchuk, Todd C. Headrick Jan 2010

Simulating Multivariate G-And-H Distributions, Rhonda K. Kowalchuk, Todd C. Headrick

Todd Christopher Headrick

The Tukey family of g-and-h distributions is often used to model univariate real-world data. There is a paucity of research demonstrating appropriate multivariate data generation using the g-and-h family of distributions with specified correlations. Therefore, the methodology and algorithms are presented to extend the g-and-h family from univariate to multivariate data generation. An example is provided along with a Monte Carlo simulation demonstrating the methodology. In addition, algorithms written in Mathematica 7.0 are available from the authors for implementing the procedure.


Statistical Simulation: Power Method Polynomials And Other Transformations, Todd C. Headrick Jan 2010

Statistical Simulation: Power Method Polynomials And Other Transformations, Todd C. Headrick

Todd Christopher Headrick

Although power method polynomials based on the standard normal distributions have been used in many different contexts for the past 30 years, it was not until recently that the probability density function (pdf) and cumulative distribution function (cdf) were derived and made available. Focusing on both univariate and multivariate nonnormal data generation, Statistical Simulation: Power Method Polynomials and Other Transformations presents techniques for conducting a Monte Carlo simulation study. It shows how to use power method polynomials for simulating univariate and multivariate nonnormal distributions with specified cumulants and correlation matrices. The book first explores the methodology underlying the power method, …


Accounting For Response Misclassification And Covariate Measurement Error Improves Powers And Reduces Bias In Epidemiologic Studies, Dunlei Cheng, Adam J. Branscum, James D. Stamey Jan 2010

Accounting For Response Misclassification And Covariate Measurement Error Improves Powers And Reduces Bias In Epidemiologic Studies, Dunlei Cheng, Adam J. Branscum, James D. Stamey

Dunlei Cheng

Purpose: To quantify the impact of ignoring misclassification of a response variable and measurement error in a covariate on statistical power, and to develop software for sample size and power analysis that accounts for these flaws in epidemiologic data. Methods: A Monte Carlo simulation-based procedure is developed to illustrate the differences in design requirements and inferences between analytic methods that properly account for misclassification and measurement error to those that do not in regression models for cross-sectional and cohort data. Results: We found that failure to account for these flaws in epidemiologic data can lead to a substantial reduction in …


A Bayesian Approach To Sample Size Determination For Studies Designed To Evaluate Continuous Medical Tests, Dunlei Cheng, Adam J. Branscum, James D. Stamey Jan 2010

A Bayesian Approach To Sample Size Determination For Studies Designed To Evaluate Continuous Medical Tests, Dunlei Cheng, Adam J. Branscum, James D. Stamey

Dunlei Cheng

We develop a Bayesian approach to sample size and power calculations for cross-sectional studies that are designed to evaluate and compare continuous medical tests. For studies that involve one test or two conditionally independent or dependent tests, we present methods that are applicable when the true disease status of sampled individuals will be available and when it will not. Within a hypothesis testing framework, we consider the goal of demonstrating that a medical test has area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve that exceeds a minimum acceptable level or another relevant threshold, and the goals of establishing the superiority …


Creation Of Synthetic Discrete Response Regression Models, Joseph Hilbe Jan 2010

Creation Of Synthetic Discrete Response Regression Models, Joseph Hilbe

Joseph M Hilbe

The development and use of synthetic regression models has proven to assist statisticians in better understanding bias in data, as well as how to best interpret various statistics associated with a modeling situation. In this article I present code that can be easily amended for the creation of synthetic binomial, count, and categorical response models. Parameters may be assigned to any number of predictors (which are shown as continuous, binary, or categorical), negative binomial heterogeneity parameters may be assigned, and the number of levels or cut points and values may be specified for ordered and unordered categorical response models. I …


Generalized Curvilinear Advection Formalism For Finite Volume Codes Doing Relativistic Hydrodynamics, Jay Michael Call Jan 2010

Generalized Curvilinear Advection Formalism For Finite Volume Codes Doing Relativistic Hydrodynamics, Jay Michael Call

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

While it is possible to numerically evolve the relativistic fluid equations using any chosen coordinate mesh, typically there are distinct computational advantages associated with different types of candidate grids. For example, astrophysical flows that are governed by rotation tend to give rise to advection variables that are naturally conserved when a cylindrical mesh is used. On the other hand, Cartesian-like coordinates afford a more straightforward implementation of adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) and avoid the appearance of coordinate singularities. Here it is shown that it should be possible to reap the benefits associated with multiple types of coordinate systems simultaneously in …


Model Based Analysis Of Some High Speed Network Issues, Suman Kumar Jan 2010

Model Based Analysis Of Some High Speed Network Issues, Suman Kumar

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The study of complex problems in science and engineering today typically involves large scale data, huge number of large-scale scientific breakthroughs critically depends on large multi-disciplinary and geographically-dispersed research teams, where the high speed network becomes the integral part. To serve the ongoing bandwidth requirement and scalability of these networks, there has been a continuous evolution of different TCPs for high speed networks. Testing these protocols on a real network would be expensive, time consuming and more over not easily available to the researchers worldwide. Network simulation is well accepted and widely used method for performance evaluation, it is well …


Dynamic Multivariate Simplex Splines For Volume Representation And Modeling, Yunhao Tan Jan 2010

Dynamic Multivariate Simplex Splines For Volume Representation And Modeling, Yunhao Tan

Wayne State University Dissertations

Volume representation and modeling of heterogeneous objects acquired from real world are very challenging research tasks and playing fundamental roles in many potential applications, e.g., volume reconstruction, volume simulation and volume registration. In order to accurately and efficiently represent and model the real-world objects, this dissertation proposes an integrated computational framework based on dynamic multivariate simplex splines (DMSS) that can greatly improve the accuracy and efficacy of modeling and simulation of heterogenous objects. The framework can not only reconstruct with high accuracy geometric, material, and other quantities associated with heterogeneous real-world models, but also simulate the complicated dynamics precisely by …


Behaviors Of Real-Time Schedulers Under Resource Modification And A Steady Scheme With Bounded Utilization, Refi̇k Samet, Orhan Fi̇kret Duman Jan 2010

Behaviors Of Real-Time Schedulers Under Resource Modification And A Steady Scheme With Bounded Utilization, Refi̇k Samet, Orhan Fi̇kret Duman

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this article we present an analysis for task models having random resource needs and different arrival patterns. In hard real-time environments like avionic systems or nuclear reactors, the inputs to the system are obtained from real world by using sensors. And it is highly possible for a task to have different resource needs for each period according to these changing conditions of real world. We made an analysis of schedulers for task models having random resources in each period. Since feasibility tests for usual task models are just limited to some specific schedulers and arrival patterns, we made our …


Tools For Sustainable Development: A Comparison Of Building Performance Simulation Packages, Simi Hoque, Akanksha Sharma Jan 2010

Tools For Sustainable Development: A Comparison Of Building Performance Simulation Packages, Simi Hoque, Akanksha Sharma

Environmental Conservation Faculty Publication Series

The paper evaluates the energy performance of a test case (a single family home) using three different simulation software packages – REM Design, Energy Gauge and Treat. It will discuss the results of each simulation run and the reasons for variations in the results. The inputs for each of the three different simulation tools are heating, cooling, and water heating loads, building shell (exterior walls, roof, foundation, windows, doors) features, air leakage and electric consumption (lighting and appliances). The paper will also highlight the differences in data input for all three software and will underscore areas where improvements to the …