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2009

University of Massachusetts Amherst

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Articles 1 - 30 of 288

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Graduate Education In Research Ethics For Scientists And Engineers: Final Report, Jorge Ferrer-Negron, William Frey, Efrain O'Neill-Carrillo, Didier Valdes, Carlos Rios-Valazquez Dec 2009

Graduate Education In Research Ethics For Scientists And Engineers: Final Report, Jorge Ferrer-Negron, William Frey, Efrain O'Neill-Carrillo, Didier Valdes, Carlos Rios-Valazquez

Ethics in Science and Engineering National Clearinghouse

No abstract provided.

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Successful And Abandoned Sourceforge.Net Projects In The Initiation Stage, Charles Schweik Dec 2009

Successful And Abandoned Sourceforge.Net Projects In The Initiation Stage, Charles Schweik

National Center for Digital Government

[first paragraph] Chapter 6 provided an open source project success and abandonment dependent variable. Chapter 7 described data available in the Sourceforge.net repository and linked these data to various independent variable concepts and hypotheses presented in the theoretical part of this book. Chapter 7 also described the Classification Tree and Random Forest statistical approaches we use in this and the following chapter. This chapter presents the results of the Classification Tree analysis for successful and abandoned projects in the Initiation Stage, which in Chapter 3 (Figure 3.2), we defined as the period before and up to the time when a …

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The Dependent Variable: Defining Open Source "Success" And "Abandonment" Using Sourceforge.Net Data, Charles Schweik Dec 2009

The Dependent Variable: Defining Open Source "Success" And "Abandonment" Using Sourceforge.Net Data, Charles Schweik

National Center for Digital Government

[first paragraph] From the very beginning of this research project, we understood that we needed to define what success meant in open source so that we could use that definition to create a dependent variable for our empirical studies. Does success mean a project has developed high quality software, or does it mean that the software is widely used? How might extremely valuable software that is used by only a few people, such as software for charting parts of the human genome, fit into this definition? In this chapter, we establish a robust success and abandonment measure that satisfies these …

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Asymptotic Stability Of Small Bound States In The Discrete Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation, Pg Kevrekidis, De Pelinovsky, A Stefanov Dec 2009

Asymptotic Stability Of Small Bound States In The Discrete Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation, Pg Kevrekidis, De Pelinovsky, A Stefanov

Panos Kevrekidis

Asymptotic stability of small bound states in one dimension is proved in the framework of a discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation with septic and higher power-law nonlinearities and an external potential supporting a simple isolated eigenvalue. The analysis relies on the dispersive decay estimates from Pelinovsky and Stefanov [J. Math. Phys., 49 (2008), 113501] and the arguments of Mizumachi [J. Math. Kyoto Univ., 48 (2008), pp. 471–497] for a continuous nonlinear Schrödinger equation in one dimension. Numerical simulations suggest that the actual decay rate of perturbations near the asymptotically stable bound states is higher than the one used in the analysis.

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Short-Wavelength Technology And The Potential For Distributed Networks Of Small Radar Systems, David Mclaughlin, David Pepyne, Brenda Philips, James Kurose, Michael Zink, David Westbrook, Eric Lyons, Eric Knapp, Anthony Hopf, Alfred Defonzo, Robert Contreras, Theodore Djaferis, Edin Insanic, Stephen Frasier, V. Chandrasekar, Francesc Junyent, Nitin Bharadwaj, Yanting Wang, Yuxiang Liu, Brenda Dolan, Kelvin Droegemeier, Jerald Brotzge, Ming Xue, Kevin Kloesel, Keith Brewster, Frederick Carr, Sandra Cruz-Pol, Kurt Hondl, Pavlos Kollias Dec 2009

Short-Wavelength Technology And The Potential For Distributed Networks Of Small Radar Systems, David Mclaughlin, David Pepyne, Brenda Philips, James Kurose, Michael Zink, David Westbrook, Eric Lyons, Eric Knapp, Anthony Hopf, Alfred Defonzo, Robert Contreras, Theodore Djaferis, Edin Insanic, Stephen Frasier, V. Chandrasekar, Francesc Junyent, Nitin Bharadwaj, Yanting Wang, Yuxiang Liu, Brenda Dolan, Kelvin Droegemeier, Jerald Brotzge, Ming Xue, Kevin Kloesel, Keith Brewster, Frederick Carr, Sandra Cruz-Pol, Kurt Hondl, Pavlos Kollias

James Kurose

Dense networks of short-range radars capable of mapping storms and detecting atmospheric hazards are described. Composed of small X-band (9.4 GHz) radars spaced tens of kilometers apart, these networks defeat the Earth curvature blockage that limits today's long-range weather radars and enables observing capabilities fundamentally beyond the operational state-of-the-art radars. These capabilities include multiple Doppler observations for mapping horizontal wind vectors, subkilometer spatial resolution, and rapid-update (tens of seconds) observations extending from the boundary layer up to the tops of storms. The small physical size and low-power design of these radars permits the consideration of commercial electronic manufacturing approaches and …

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Type-1.5 Superconducting State From An Intrinsic Proximity Effect In Two-Band Superconductors, Egor Babaev, Johan Carlstrom, Martin Speight Oct 2009

Type-1.5 Superconducting State From An Intrinsic Proximity Effect In Two-Band Superconductors, Egor Babaev, Johan Carlstrom, Martin Speight

Egor Babaev

We show that in multiband superconductors even small interband proximity effect can lead to a qualitative change in the interaction potential between superconducting vortices by producing long-range intervortex attraction. This type of vortex interaction results in unusual response to low magnetic fields leading to phase separation into domains of a two-component Meissner states and vortex droplets.

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Modulation Of Enzyme-Substrate Selectivity Using Tetraethylene Glycol Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles, Bj Jordan, R Hong, G Han, S Rana, Vm Rotello Oct 2009

Modulation Of Enzyme-Substrate Selectivity Using Tetraethylene Glycol Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles, Bj Jordan, R Hong, G Han, S Rana, Vm Rotello

Vincent Rotello

Tetraethylene glycol (TEG) functionalized gold nanoparticles with 2 nm core diameters (AuTEG) enhance α-chymotrypsin (ChT) enzyme activity in a substrate-selective fashion. We explored the hydrolysis of four different substrates and observed a marked increase in activity with the most hydrophobic substrate N-succinyl-alanine-alanine-proline-phenylalanine- p-nitroanilide (TP), while the other substrates remain virtually unaffected by the AuTEG 'crowding effect' in solution. The enhancement in catalysis is indicated by an increase in Kcat/Km as obtained from Lineweaver–Burk analysis and we hypothesize it to arise from a macromolecular crowding effect analogous to that observed with high molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymers.

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Web 2.0 In The Process Of E-Participation: The Case Of Organizing For America And The Obama Administration, Aysu Kes-Erkul, R. Erdem Erkul Oct 2009

Web 2.0 In The Process Of E-Participation: The Case Of Organizing For America And The Obama Administration, Aysu Kes-Erkul, R. Erdem Erkul

National Center for Digital Government

The presidential campaign of Barack Obama during the 2008 elections sparked new discussion about the public engagement issue in the political processes. The campaign used Web 2.0 tools intensively to reach the general public and seek support and collect feedback from voters. In this paper, we analyze the major website of this project, “Organizing for America” (OFA) from the perspective of e-participation, which is a concept that include all the processes of public involvement via information and communication technologies.

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Synergistic Effects Of Mutations And Nanoparticle Templating In The Self-Assembly Of Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus Capsids, Se Aniagyei, Cj Kennedy, B Stein, Da Willits, T Douglas, Mj Young, M De, Vm Rotello, D Srisathiyanarayanan, Cc Kao, B Dragnea Sep 2009

Synergistic Effects Of Mutations And Nanoparticle Templating In The Self-Assembly Of Cowpea Chlorotic Mottle Virus Capsids, Se Aniagyei, Cj Kennedy, B Stein, Da Willits, T Douglas, Mj Young, M De, Vm Rotello, D Srisathiyanarayanan, Cc Kao, B Dragnea

Vincent Rotello

A study of the in vitro nanoparticle-templated assembly of a mutant of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus lacking most of the N-terminal domain (residues 4-37), NDelta34, is presented. Mutant empty proteins assemble into empty capsids with a much broader distribution of sizes than the wild-type virus. This increased flexibility in the assembly outcomes is known to be detrimental for the assembly process in the presence of molecular polyanions. However, when rigid polyanionic cores are used, such as nanoparticles, the assembly process is restored and virus-like particles form. Moreover, the breadth of the nanoparticle-templated capsid size distribution becomes comparable with the wild-type …

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Information & Communication Technologies And Digital Government: The Turkish Case, Turhan Mentes Sep 2009

Information & Communication Technologies And Digital Government: The Turkish Case, Turhan Mentes

National Center for Digital Government

The technological innovations of the last decades have opened the doors to a new and different world for businesses and governments. As access to the Internet penetrates more populations each day, ICTs continue to shape societies all over the world. This presentation will explore the development of ICTs and e-government in Turkey. It will include significant figures and statistics about e-government in Turkey and discuss the social consequences of such developments.

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Ethical Issues In Graduate Research, William J. Frey Sep 2009

Ethical Issues In Graduate Research, William J. Frey

Ethics in Science and Engineering National Clearinghouse

(Caution! This module is being published in an incomplete, preliminary version. Later edited and fuller versions will follow.) "Graduate Education in Research Ethics for Scientists and Engineers" is a project funded by the National Science Foundation (SES 0629377) to design a pilot program in research ethics for graduate students in science and engineering. This project is built around three workshops: (1) a Graduate Awareness Workshop introduces students to fundamental ethical issues in research, (2) a Moral Deliberation Workshop acquaints students with the skills of moral deliberation, (3) a Case Analysis Workshop uses realistic scenarios to allow students to practice decision-making …

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Multimodal Drug Delivery Using Gold Nanoparticles, Ck Kim, P Ghosh, Vm Rotello Sep 2009

Multimodal Drug Delivery Using Gold Nanoparticles, Ck Kim, P Ghosh, Vm Rotello

Vincent Rotello

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are promising nanocarriers for therapeutics due to their facile synthesis, ease of functionalization, biocompatibility, and inherent non-toxicity. The unique chemical and physical properties of AuNP monolayers provide versatility in delivery method and tunability of surface properties. Here, we discuss several strategies to utilize the properties of AuNPs for drug delivery.

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Improved Network Consistency And Connectivity In Mobile And Sensor Systems, Nilanjan Banerjee Sep 2009

Improved Network Consistency And Connectivity In Mobile And Sensor Systems, Nilanjan Banerjee

Open Access Dissertations

Edge networks such as sensor, mobile, and disruption tolerant networks suffer from topological uncertainty and disconnections due to myriad of factors including limited battery capacity on client devices and mobility. Hence, providing reliable, always-on consistency for network applications in such mobile and sensor systems is non-trivial and challenging. However, the problem is of paramount importance given the proliferation of mobile phones, PDAs, laptops, and music players. This thesis identifies two fundamental deterrents to addressing the above problem. First, limited energy on client mobile and sensor devices makes high levels of consistency and availability impossible. Second, unreliable support from the network …

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Climate And Environmental Change In Arctic Canada: Observations From Upper And Lower Murray Lakes, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Timothy Cook Sep 2009

Climate And Environmental Change In Arctic Canada: Observations From Upper And Lower Murray Lakes, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Timothy Cook

Open Access Dissertations

This study was designed with the overriding goal of improving our understanding of the nature, causes, and impacts of past climatic conditions in the High Arctic and to evaluate the potential impacts of future climatic warming. Specifically, the focus of this project was centered on Upper and Lower Murray Lakes (81° 21’ N, 69° 32’ W) on northern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada. Sediment cores were collected from each of the lakes in order to reconstruct past climate and environmental variability and space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data were used to evaluate recent variability in the ice cover of these lakes. …

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The Development Of Hierarchical Knowledge In Robot Systems, Stephen W. Hart Sep 2009

The Development Of Hierarchical Knowledge In Robot Systems, Stephen W. Hart

Open Access Dissertations

This dissertation investigates two complementary ideas in the literature on machine learning and robotics--those of embodiment and intrinsic motivation--to address a unified framework for skill learning and knowledge acquisition. "Embodied" systems make use of structure derived directly from sensory and motor configurations for learning behavior. Intrinsically motivated systems learn by searching for native, hedonic value through interaction with the world. Psychological theories of intrinsic motivation suggest that there exist internal drives favoring open-ended cognitive development and exploration. I argue that intrinsically motivated, embodied systems can learn generalizable skills, acquire control knowledge, and form an epistemological understanding of the world …

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Tailoring The Surface-Coating Of Gold Nanoparticles For Bio-Applications, Partha S. Ghosh Sep 2009

Tailoring The Surface-Coating Of Gold Nanoparticles For Bio-Applications, Partha S. Ghosh

Open Access Dissertations

Functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) provide an excellent scaffold for numerous biological applications. In these systems, the gold core imparts stability to the assembly, while the monolayer allows tuning of surface characteristics such as charge and hydrophobicity. The nano-scale size and tunable surface properties have made them an ideal candidate for manipulating protein-protein/protein-nucleic acid interactions, and delivery of therapeutics. In this thesis work, it has been demonstrated how the surface coating plays an important role in achieving a desired goal. Using organic synthesis as a tool, the monolayer was tailored to afford useful particles with biocompatibility and the ability to respond …

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Intermolecular Electron Transfer Reactivity And Dynamics Of Cytochrome C – Nanoparticle Adducts, Adrienne M. Carver Sep 2009

Intermolecular Electron Transfer Reactivity And Dynamics Of Cytochrome C – Nanoparticle Adducts, Adrienne M. Carver

Open Access Dissertations

Interprotein electron transfer (ET) is crucial for natural energy conversion and a fundamental reaction in the pursuit of understanding the broader problem of proteinprotein interactions and reactivity. Simplifying the complicated nature of these natural systems has driven development of biomimetic approaches. Functionalized gold nanoparticles offer simplified, tunable surfaces that can serve as a proxy to study the reactivity and dynamics of proteins. Amino-acid functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au-TX) served as a complementary partner to cytochrome c (Cyt c) and catalyzed its ET reactivity without altering the native structure. Redox mediator and EPR experiments confirmed that the redox potential and coordination environment …

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Sensor Control And Scheduling Strategies For Sensor Networks, Victoria U. Manfredi Sep 2009

Sensor Control And Scheduling Strategies For Sensor Networks, Victoria U. Manfredi

Open Access Dissertations

We investigate sensor control and scheduling strategies to most effectively use the limited resources of an ad hoc network or closed-loop sensor network. In this context, we examine the following three problems. Where to focus sensing? Certain types of sensors, such as cameras or radars, are unable to simultaneously collect high fidelity data from all environmental locations, and thus require some sort of sensing strategy. Considering a meteorological radar network, we show that the main benefits of optimizing sensing over expected future states of the environment are when there are multiple small phenomena in the environment. Considering multiple users, we …

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Normal And Extreme Sedimentation And Physical Processes In Lake Tuborg, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Edward Lewis Sep 2009

Normal And Extreme Sedimentation And Physical Processes In Lake Tuborg, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Edward Lewis

Open Access Dissertations

Lake Tuborg is a large lake on west-central Ellesmere Island, Nunavut. Part of the lake is meromictic, and contains trapped saltwater below about 55 m depth. The lake receives meltwater and sediments from multiple sources, including snowmelt and glacier melt. A lake process study was undertaken from 2001-2003 at Lake Tuborg that involved obtaining profiles of water temperature, salinity, transmissivity, and dissolved oxygen. Networks of short and long sediment cores were also obtained throughout the lake. During the last year of monitoring the lake and its sediments, a large catastrophic drainage of an ice-dammed lake occurred (a jökulhlaup). This was …

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High Temperature Proton Conducting Materials And Fluorescent-Labeled Polymers For Sensor Applications, Surangkhana Martwiset Sep 2009

High Temperature Proton Conducting Materials And Fluorescent-Labeled Polymers For Sensor Applications, Surangkhana Martwiset

Open Access Dissertations

The majority of this dissertation focuses on proton conducting materials that could be used at high operating temperatures. Higher operating temperatures are desirable as they will increase fuel cell efficiency, reduce cost, and simplify the heat management system. The factors governing proton conduction including segmental mobility, protogenic group identity, and charge carrier density were investigated on a variety of polymers containing 1H-1,2,3-triazole moieties. Proton conductivity measurements were made using AC impedance spectroscopy. Random copolymers and terpolymers of triazole-containing acrylates and poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether acrylate (PEGMEA) have been synthesized. Conductivity increased with increasing degree of PEG incorporation until reaching a maximum …

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Investigation Of Fe(Iii) Reduction In Geobacter Sulfurreducens Characterization Of Outer Surface Associated Electron Transfer Components, Xenlei Qian Sep 2009

Investigation Of Fe(Iii) Reduction In Geobacter Sulfurreducens Characterization Of Outer Surface Associated Electron Transfer Components, Xenlei Qian

Open Access Dissertations

Outer membrane cytochromes OmcB and OmcS of Geobacter sulfurreducens are two important components of the respiratory chain for extracellular Fe(III) reduction. OmcS is a loosely bound cell surface protein involved in the reduction of insoluble Fe(III). OmcB is an outer membrane protein and required for insoluble and soluble Fe(III) reduction. The objective of this study was to understand better the mechanism of dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction, focusing on the cell surface proteins by further localization, identification of protein-protein interactions, and biochemical characterization of OmcB and OmcS. OmcB was found to be surface-exposed but embedded in the outer membrane because mild protease …

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Action-Based Representation Discovery In Markov Decision Processes, Sarah Osentoski Sep 2009

Action-Based Representation Discovery In Markov Decision Processes, Sarah Osentoski

Open Access Dissertations

This dissertation investigates the problem of representation discovery in discrete Markov decision processes, namely how agents can simultaneously learn representation and optimal control. Previous work on function approximation techniques for MDPs largely employed hand-engineered basis functions. In this dissertation, we explore approaches to automatically construct these basis functions and demonstrate that automatically constructed basis functions significantly outperform more traditional, hand-engineered approaches. We specifically examine two problems: how to automatically build representations for action-value functions by explicitly incorporating actions into a representation, and how representations can be automatically constructed by exploiting a pre-specified task hierarchy. We first introduce a technique for …

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More Than One River: Local, Place-Based Knowledge And The Political Ecology Of Restoration And Remediation Along The Lower Neponset River, Massachusetts, Simona Lee Perry Sep 2009

More Than One River: Local, Place-Based Knowledge And The Political Ecology Of Restoration And Remediation Along The Lower Neponset River, Massachusetts, Simona Lee Perry

Open Access Dissertations

This research is an exploration of the local, place-based knowledge surrounding a degraded urban river, the Lower Neponset River and Estuary in southern Boston Harbor, Massachusetts, and its environmental restoration. Through a mixed-methods approach to sociological inquiry that included 18-months of ethnographic interviews and participant observations, Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping, archival document research, and critical environmental history, it explores the different ways local citizens interpret the river as a place of historical importance, personal nostalgia, social and family networks, neighborhood legacies, aesthetics, economic security, danger, psychological refuge, ecology, and political power. Using an interpretive analysis of the narrative, visual, …

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Wrinkling, Folding, And Snapping Instabilities In Polymer Films, Douglas Peter Holmes Sep 2009

Wrinkling, Folding, And Snapping Instabilities In Polymer Films, Douglas Peter Holmes

Open Access Dissertations

This work focuses on understanding deformation mechanisms and responsiveness associated with the wrinkling, folding, and snapping of thin polymer films. We demonstrated the use of elastic instabilities in confined regimes, such as the crumpling and snapping of surface attached sheets. We gained fundamental insight into a thin film's ability to localize strain. By taking advantage of geometric strain localization we were able to develop new strategies for responsive surfaces that will have a broad impact on adhesive, optical, and patterning applications. Using the rapid closure of the Venus flytrap's leafets as dictated by the onset of a snap instability as …

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On The Discrete Differential Geometry Of Surfaces In S4, George Shapiro Sep 2009

On The Discrete Differential Geometry Of Surfaces In S4, George Shapiro

Open Access Dissertations

The Grassmannian space GC(2, 4) embedded in CP5 as the Klein quadric of twistor theory has a natural interpretation in terms of the geometry of “round” 2-spheres in S4. The incidence of two lines in CP3 corresponds to the contact properties of two 2- spheres, where contact is generalized from tangency to include “half-tangency:” 2-spheres may be in contact at two isolated points. There is a connection between the contact properties of 2-spheres and soliton geometry through the classical Ribaucour and Darboux transformations. The transformation theory of surfaces in S4 is investigated using the recently developed theory of “Discrete Differential …

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Galactic Bulge Feedback And Its Impact On Galaxy Evolution, Shikui Tang Sep 2009

Galactic Bulge Feedback And Its Impact On Galaxy Evolution, Shikui Tang

Open Access Dissertations

Galactic bulges of early-type spirals and elliptical galaxies comprise primarily old stars, which account for more than half of the total stellar mass in the local Universe. These stars collectively generate a long-lasting feedback via stellar mass loss and Type Ia supernovae. According to the empirical stellar mass loss and supernova rates, the stellar ejecta can be heated to more than 107 K, forming a very hot, diffuse, and ironrich interstellar medium. Conventionally a strong galactic wind is expected, especially in low- and intermediate-mass early-type galaxies which have a relatively shallow potential well. X-ray observations, however, have revealed that both …

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Semantic Methods For Intelligent Distributed Design Environments, Paul W. Witherell Sep 2009

Semantic Methods For Intelligent Distributed Design Environments, Paul W. Witherell

Open Access Dissertations

Continuous advancements in technology have led to increasingly comprehensive and distributed product development processes while in pursuit of improved products at reduced costs. Information associated with these products is ever changing, and structured frameworks have become integral to managing such fluid information. Ontologies and the Semantic Web have emerged as key alternatives for capturing product knowledge in both a human-readable and computable manner. The primary and conclusive focus of this research is to characterize relationships formed within methodically developed distributed design knowledge frameworks to ultimately provide a pervasive real-time awareness in distributed design processes. Utilizing formal logics in the form …

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Single Molecule Chiroptical Spectroscopy: Fluorescence Excitation Circular Dichroism And Circular Polarized Luminescence Of Bridged Triarylamine Helicenes, Ruthanne Hassey Paradise Sep 2009

Single Molecule Chiroptical Spectroscopy: Fluorescence Excitation Circular Dichroism And Circular Polarized Luminescence Of Bridged Triarylamine Helicenes, Ruthanne Hassey Paradise

Open Access Dissertations

In this thesis, I describe the first exploratory experimental efforts probing light-matter interactions of chiral systems at the single molecule level. The dissymmetric single molecule chiroptical response in both excitation and emission polarization has been studied for different diastereomeric forms of bridged triarylamine helicenes. Fluorescence excitation circular dichroism (FECD), measuring the dissymmetric absorption with respect to excitation polarization, reports on the response to excitation polarization. The magnitude and distribution of chiroptical single molecule responses suggest both surface and orientation effects play a significant role. Computational modeling done to calculate the dissymmetry for specific orientations supports orientational dependence. Using a defocused …

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Developing Novel Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (Esi Ms) Techniques To Study Higher Order Structure And Interaction Of Biopolymers, Agya K. Frimpong Sep 2009

Developing Novel Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (Esi Ms) Techniques To Study Higher Order Structure And Interaction Of Biopolymers, Agya K. Frimpong

Open Access Dissertations

Mass spectrometry has enjoyed enormous popularity over the years for studying biological systems. The theme of this dissertation was to develop and use mass spectrometry based tools to solve five biologically oriented problems associated with protein architecture and extend the utility of these tools to study protein polymer conjugation. The first problem involved elucidating the false negatives of how proteins with few basic residues, forms highly charged ions in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS). This study showed that the unfolding of polypeptide chains in solution leads to the emergence of highly charged protein ions in ESI MS mass spectra, …

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Resource Management In Complex And Dynamic Environments, Mohammad Salimullah Raunak Sep 2009

Resource Management In Complex And Dynamic Environments, Mohammad Salimullah Raunak

Open Access Dissertations

Resource management is at the heart of many diverse science and engineering research areas. Although the general notion of what constitutes a resource entity seems similar in different research areas, their types, characteristics, and constraints governing their behavior are vastly different depending on the particular domain of research and the nature of the research itself. Often research related to resource modeling and management focus on largely homogeneous resources in a relatively simplified model of the real world. The problem becomes much more challenging to deal with when working with a complex real life domain with many heterogeneous resource types and …

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