Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Evaluation Of The Yard Gard Ultrasonic Yard Protector For Repelling White-Tailed Deer, Paul D. Curtis, Christopher Fitzgerald, Milo E. Richmond

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Ultrasonic devices are marketed for pest control because some manufacturers believe they possess properties aversive to animals. However, there is little evidence that ultrasound is more aversive to animals than is audible sound. In this study, we examined the efficacy of the Yard Gard ultrasonic device for deterring deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from feeding on apples. Four deer feeding stations were established at private residential properties with a history of deer damage to ornamental plants, so that control (A1 and B1) and experimental (A2 and B2) stations existed at each site. Apples were placed at each feeding station and …

Determination Of Horizontal And Vertical Structure Of A Novel Pattern Of Short Period Gravity Waves Imaged During Aloha-93, Michael J. Taylor, D. C. Fritts, J. R. Isler

All Physics Faculty Publications

An all‐sky CCD imager has been used to measure the properties of short period gravity waves present over the Hawaiian Islands during the ALOHA‐93 campaign. Observations of emissions from four different altitudes provided a capability to describe the vertical as well as the horizontal structure of the wave field. On several occasions during this campaign an unusual morphology wave pattern was detected that consisted of a group of small‐scale waves oriented in the same direction. These were most noticeable in the OI (557.7 nm) emission, altitude ∼96 km, and were usually observed in association with a larger scale gravity wave. …

Aloha-93 Measurements Of Intrinsic Agw Characteristics Using The Airborne Airglow Imager And Groundbased Na Wind/Temperature Lidar, G. R. Swenson, Michael J. Taylor, P. Espy, C. S. Gardner, X. Tao

All Physics Faculty Publications

Monochromatic Acoustic Gravity Waves (AGWs) with periods < 1 hour are a prevalent feature in the mesospheric airglow layers. These waves are important dynamically and energetically to the region where their temporal and spatial morphology are not well established. The purpose of this study is establish the intrinsic AGW characteristics over an extended region (as flown by the NCAR Electra aircraft) and to present the data in terms of the predicted spectral domain defined by the Brunt‐Vaisala frequency and the diffusive filtering limit proposed by Gardner [1994]. On October 21, 1993, observations were made from the NCAR Electra aircraft during a 6 hour flight in a large triangle N and W of Maui, for a integral distance of ∼3000 km. The entire area observed [∼1 M km²] had a monochromatic AGW propagating toward the NW and the western half had a SW propagating wave superimposed. These waves were also observed with the Michelson interferometer on the aircraft and an airglow imager at the Haleakala location during this time. Intrinsic phase velocities were computed where the Na Wind/Temperature (W/T) lidar at Haleakala provided a measure of the mean wind to compensate phase velocities observed with the imager. The data were tabulated and plotted in an AGW spectral reference frame and compared to cutoff conditions predicted by diffusive filtering theory.

Maximum Penetration Of Atmospheric Gravity Waves Observed During Aloha-93, G. R. Swenson, C. S. Gardner, Michael J. Taylor

All Physics Faculty Publications

Atmospheric Gravity Waves (AGWs) are subject to altitude propagation limits which are governed by the diffusion processes. Diffusion times and scales which exceed the wave period and wavelength define the limiting domain for AGWs. An expression is presented which defines the upper altitude limit to which AGWs can propagate given vertical diffusion constraints of the atmosphere. Airglow, lidar, and radar measurements are combined to characterize the intrinsic AGW parameters in the 80–105 km altitude region. A subset of AGWs (17) observed by airglow imagers during the ALOHA‐93 were made when simultaneous wind measurements were available and intrinsic wave parameters were …

Spectrometric And Imaging Measurements Of A Spectacular Gravity Wave Event Observed During The Aloha-93 Campaign, Michael J. Taylor, D. N. Turnbull, R. P. Lowe

All Physics Faculty Publications

During the ALOHA‐93 campaign coincident imaging and interferometric measurements of the near infrared and visible wavelength nightglow emissions were made from Haleakala Crater, Maui. On 10 October, 1993 a most unusual wave event was observed. This disturbance appeared as a sharp “front” followed by several conspicuous wave crests which progressed rapidly through the imager's field of view (180°). As the front passed overhead the interferometer detected a sudden jump in both the OH intensity (>50%) and its rotational temperature (∼20 K) with the temperature increase leading the intensity by almost 15 min. At the same time the imager registered …

An Investigation Of Intrinsic Gravity Wave Signatures Using Coordinated Lidar And Nightglow Image Measurements, Michael J. Taylor, Y. Y. Gu, X. Tao, C. S. Gardner, M. B. Bishop

All Physics Faculty Publications

Simultaneous observations of gravity waves using an Na wind/temperature lidar and a multi‐wavelength all‐sky nightglow imager were obtained, for the first time, during the ALOHA‐93 campaign. A novel investigation of intrinsic wave parameters has been made by combining measurements of the horizontal wave components imaged in four nightglow emissions (height range ∼80–100 km) with Na lidar soundings of the horizontal wind field and temperature profiles over the same height interval. On October 19 both instruments registered marked monochromatic wave motions. The intrinsic periods of several of these waves have been determined and were found to vary considerably with altitude, often …

Height Measurements Of Oi (557.7 Nm) Gravity Wave Structure Over The Hawaiian Islands During Aloha-93, Michael J. Taylor, G. R. Swenson, V. Taylor

All Physics Faculty Publications

During the ALOHA‐93 campaign simultaneous observations of gravity wave structure in the OI(557.7 nm) nightglow emission were made using two all‐sky CCD imagers; one located near the summit of Haleakala Crater, Maui and the other at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii. On 19 October a set of bright, planar, monochromatic waves was imaged by both systems as it progressed rapidly over the Hawaiian Islands. Triangulation on these wave forms indicates a mean altitude of 95±2 km in good agreement with previous rocket soundings at mid‐latitudes. Two methods of triangulation were employed, both achieving similar results.

All-Sky Measurements Of Short Period Waves Imaged In The Oi (557.7 Nm), Na(589.2 Nm) And Near Infrared Oh And O2(0,1) Nightglow Emissions During The Aloha-93 Campaign, Michael J. Taylor, M. B. Bishop, V. Taylor

All Physics Faculty Publications

As part of the ALOHA‐93 campaign a high performance all‐sky CCD imaging system was operated at Haleakala Crater, Maui, to obtain novel information on the properties and sources of short period gravity waves over an extended height range ∼80–100 km. Sequential observations of the near infrared OH and O2(0,1) bands and the visible wavelength OI(557.7 nm) and Na(589.2 nm) line emissions have enabled a unique comparison of the morphology and dynamics of the wave motions and their occurrence frequency at each emission altitude to be made. Two major findings are: (a) the detection of significantly higher amounts of wave structure …

A Two-Dimensional Spectral Analysis Of Short Period Gravity Waves Imaged In The Oi (557.7 Nm) And Near Infrared Oh Nightglow Emissions Over Arecibo, Puerto Rico, Michael J. Taylor, F. J. Garcia

All Physics Faculty Publications

In January 1993 an extensive set of radar and optical data was gathered from various key sites around the world during a coordinated “10 Day Run” designed to investigate the coupled dynamic behavior of the upper atmosphere on a large, medium and small scale. As part of this campaign an all‐sky CCD imaging system was operated at Arecibo Observatory, Puerto Rico, to help quantify the response of the low latitude mesosphere‐thermosphere system to short period (<1 hour) gravity waves. Measurements of the OI(557.7 nm) and near infrared OH nightglow emissions were made in conjunction with photometric and ISR radar soundings and revealed an abundance of small‐scale structure in the 80–100 km range. In this letter we apply two‐dimensional spectral analysis techniques to aid in the interpretation of a complex set of image data that consisted of two intersecting quasi‐monochromatic gravity wave patterns progressing on approximately orthogonal headings. An investigation of the spectral content and temporal evolution of these wave motions at each emission altitude is presented.

Structure And Interaction Energies Of Kr Atoms Adsorbed On Graphitic Amorphous Carbon, Sang -Joon Lee

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The physisorption of Kr on graphitic amorphous carbon (g-C) has been investigated using a statistical approach. The interaction energy calculation process (i) established a structural model of g-C and (ii) determined the adsorbate-adsorbate and the adsorbate-substrate interaction potentials on g-C.

The structural model of g-C was divided into three regions. For the interaction potential between a Kr atom and a carbon atom the short and medium range order of g-C was described with a discrete medium model based on three ring clusters using ring statistics from Beeman's continuous random network C1120 model of g-C. For the intermediate distance region, Beeman's …

Simultaneous Determination Of Fe 3p Spin-Orbit And Exchange Splittings In Photoemission, D. J. Huang, D. Mark Riffe, J. L. Erskine

All Physics Faculty Publications

Spin-resolved core-level photoemission data from the 3p level of ultrathin Fe films [1.4–5.1 monolayers (ML)] epitaxially grown on W(110) have been obtained. A nonlinear least-squares analysis, based on a one-particle Hamiltonian that simultaneously includes core-valence exchange and core-hole spin-orbit interactions, is developed. It is first tested on Fe 2p magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) photoemission spectra and shown to successfully describe the MCD asymmetry data. The model is then used to analyze our thin-film 3p data. With increasing film thickness the spin-orbit splitting (0.67±0.02 eV) remains constant (as expected), the exchange splitting increases from 0±0.12 eV to 0.41±0.05 eV, the average …

Brine Shrimp Ecology In The Great Salt Lake, Utah, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

Hypersaline lakes are noted for their simple communities which facilitate understanding ecological interactions (Williams et al. 1990; Wurtsbaugh 1992; Jellison and Melack 1988). Nevertheless, we still cannot easily predict how environmental changes will effect the population dynamics in these lakes, at least in part because even these simple ecosystems may be more complex than we .realize. Many hypersaline lakes are dominated by the brine shrimp Artemia spp. The production of brine shrimp is often very high because the terminal, saline lakes accumulate nutrients that make them rich, and because the short food chains in them (nutrients-->phytoplankton-->brine shrimp) minim …

Finite Thermal Diffusivity At Onset Of Convection In Autocatalytic Systems: Discontinuous Fluid Density, D. A. Vasquez, Boyd F. Edwards, J. W. Wilder

All Physics Faculty Publications

A linear convective stability analysis for propagating autocatalytic reaction fronts includes density differences due to both thermal and chemical gradients. Critical parameters for the onset of convection are calculated for an unbounded geometry, a vertical slab, and a vertical cylinder. Thermal effects are important at unstable wavelengths well above the critical wavelength for the onset of convection.

Effects Of Flaming Gorge Dam Hydropower Operations On Flow And Stage In The Green River, Utah And Colorado, S.C.L Yin, United States Department Of Energy, Environmental Assessment Division, Argonne National Laboratory, J.J. Mccoy, S.C. Palmer

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

No abstract provided.

Late Quaternary Glacial Geology, Shoreline Morphology, And Tephrochronology Of The Lliamna/Naknek/Brooks Lake Area, Southwestern Alaska, Karen B. Stilwell

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study focuses on the late-Wisconsin Brooks Lake glaciation, lake-level fluctuations, and volcanic deposits in the lliamna/Naknek/Brooks Lake area on the northern Alaska Peninsula, southwestern Alaska. The Brooks Lake glaciation consists of five stades, from youngest to oldest: Kvichak, Iliamna, Newhalen, Iliuk, and Ukak. This thesis reassigns the type Mak Hill moraine to a pre-late-Wisconsin glaciation, and considers the moraine enclosing Naknek Lake an early-late-Wisconsin deposit correlative to either the Kvichak stade, lliamna stade, or both. The presence in the Iliamna Lake valley, and the absence in the Naknek Lake valley of a two-fold earliest-late-Wisconsin Kvichak/Iliamna glacial sequence suggest that …

Groundwater And Surface-Water Interactions Along Lower Medano Creek, Great Sand Dunes National Monument, Colorado, Gregg L. Hadlock

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The objectives of this investigation are as follows: 1) review the existing hydrogeologic data for the San Luis Valley, the Great Sand Dunes Monument, and Medano Creek; 2) review the surface-water data that have been collected on Medano Creek; 3) collect or review previously collected water-level data obtained in the area of lower Medano Creek and correlate them with the surface-water data; 4) conduct constant-head permeameter tests on sand samples collected near the ground surface along lower Medano Creek; 5) produce a conceptual model of lower Medano Creek; and 6) produce a numerical model of lower Medano Creek that will …

Winter Habitat Selection By American Marten (Martes Americana) In Newfoundland: Why Old Growth?, Gary S. Drew

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Although the American marten (Martes americana) generally is recognized as an obligate late-seral species, the factors dictating this association are poorly understood. Martens were studied in Newfoundland, Yellowstone National Park, and in a captive setting. As expected, use of habitat types was not proportional to availability P < 0.001). Defoliated and late-seral conifer stands were used more than expected, while all other types indicated expected or less than expected use. Habitat selection by martens was detectable at spatial scales greater than 80 m (P < 0.001).

Newfoundland martens were radio-collared and monitored for diet activity during the winters of 1990 and 1991. A regression of the percent active fixes on temperature had a negative slope (b = -4.45, P = 0.084, n = 12), indicating that martens did not minimize their exposure to low temperatures. A log-linear model suggested …

Evaluation Of Lake Fertilization As A Tool To Assist In The Recovery Of The Snake River Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus Nerka), Howard P. Gross

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

I analyzed lake fertilization (with nitrogen and phosphorus) as a tool to assist in the recovery of the Snake River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in the oligotrophic Sawtooth Valley Lakes in southcentral Idaho. These analyses involved monitoring, manipulating, and modelling several aspects of the lakes' primary producer, nutrient, and light parameters.

In Pettit Lake, I evaluated the effects of metalimnetic and epilimnetic fertilization in 330-m³ mesocosms. The metalimnetic treatment was equal to or more effective than the epilimnetic treatment in increasing chlorophyll a, phytoplankton biovolume, and primary productivity, yet caused smaller changes in periphyton growth and …

Parameter Estimation By Conditional Coding, Taylor Duersch

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Conditional coding is an application of Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods for sampling from conditional distributions. It is applied here to the problem of estimating the parameters of a computer-simulated pattern of fractures in an isomorphic, homotropic material under plane strain. We investigate the theory and procedures of conditional coding and show the viability of the technique by its application.

Behavioral Characteristics Affect Habitat Selection Of Domestic Ruminants, Cody B. Scott

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

I evaluated some of the factors affecting livestock distribution by conducting experimental (Chapters II and III) and observational (Chapter IV) studies. In Chapter II, I described the effect of locations of familiar foods and social interactions on choice of feeding location by lambs. Lambs were exposed to a pasture as subgroups of strangers and companions with different dietary habits (i.e., three lambs that preferred milo with three lambs that preferred wheat). Milo was placed on one end and wheat on the other, about 100 m apart. Strangers typically fed in different locations, reflecting dietary preferences. Conversely, companions fed in both …

Disease And Habitat Change As Factors Associated With Mourning Dove Population Decline, William D. Ostrand

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The western mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) population has been declining since 1966. Data collected in 1951-52, in Fillmore, Utah, provided us a baseline for comparison with our study in the same area. Our approach was to determine whether a local population decline had occurred since the original data were collected, assess if trichomoniasis has impacted the local population, determine if changes in habitat structure affect foraging site selection, quantify changes in habitat, identify which habitats doves preferred, ascertain whether doves had responded to habitat change by changing food habits, and assess if changes in habitat were responsible in …

Competitive Interactions Between Two Closely Related Rhizomatous And Caespitose Perennial Grasses Under Varying Conditions, L. David Humphrey

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Biomass, tiller numbers, flowering, and genet survival were accessed for the rhizomatous Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus and caespitose E. l. ssp. wawawaiensis growing in mixtures with a range of densities of each taxon. Models of aboveground biomass of each taxon as a function of mixed densities were used to calculate competition indices. Tiller numbers and biomass of ssp. lanceolatus were higher than those of the caespitose taxon in the first year, but declined in the second year, while biomass and tiller numbers of ssp. wawawaiensis changed little. All tillers of ssp. wawawaiensis emerged in autumn; tillers of ssp. …

Analysis Of Perched Groundwater Bodies Beneath The Radioactive Waste Management Complex At The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Alan V. Jones

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The migration of radionuclides and volatile chemicals through a thick sequence of unsaturated basalts and sedimentary interbeds has been documented in the Subsurface Disposal Area (SDA) at the Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC) of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). The three mechanisms by which this migration may have occurred are seasonal infiltration from the ground surface within the SDA; flood events in 1962, 1969, and 1982; and the lateral movement of water from the spreading areas located nearby. It is currently thought that the contaminants migrated through the unsaturated sediments and basalt flows during the three flood events.

Transducers …

The Quaternary Geology Of The Eastern Side Of The Greys River Valley And The Neotectonics Of The Greys River Fault In Western Wyoming, L. C. Allen Jones

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Greys River fault is the easternmost active normal fault associated with Basin and Range extension in the lntermountain seismic belt. It is a north-south trending normal fault, located in the Sevier-age fold and thrust belt of western Wyoming, and bounds the west side of the Wyoming Range. The fault is at least 54 km long, and juxtaposes Permo-Pennsylvanian Wells Formation against various Triassic formations. Throw ranges from 100-1000 m. Seismic reflection data suggest that the Greys River fault is a listric normal fault that soles into the Darby thrust at depth. The fault offsets late Quaternary deposits on the …

Iron-Dithiothreitol Dependent Production Of 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine In Dna, David Allan Cook

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Oxidative damage to DNA in a metal-thiol system was studied. Calf thymus DNA was incubated in an iron(IIl)-dithiothreitol system prepared in various buffers. Damage was measured by monitoring the production of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. DNA oxidation was proportional to the concentration of dithiothreitol (DTT) in HEPES and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) buffers while it was only roughly related to DTT concentration in sodium chloride. Incubation in potassium phosphate buffer produced no damage. The results indicate that hydroxyl radicals may be generated by the iron-OTT system in HEPES, Tris, and sodium chloride, while in the phosphate buffer an iron phosphate complex may be formed which …

Conduction-Electron Screening In The Bulk And At Low-Index Surfaces Of Ta Metal, D. Mark Riffe, W. Hale, B. Kim, J. L. Erskine

All Physics Faculty Publications

High-resolution core-level photoemission spectra from Ta(100) have been measured. The well-resolved peak from the first atomic layer allows a separate assessment of bulk and surface-layer screening responses: singularity indices α_B=0.10±0.01 and α₁₀₀=0.205±0.025, respectively, are obtained. The measured surface-atom lifetime broadening of 70±20 meV (compared to 37±5 meV in the bulk) is consistent with published Auger–photoemission coincidence measurements. The result for the bulk singularity index has been applied in the analysis of previous data in order to extract the screening response in the first atomic layer of Ta(111) (α₁₁₁=0.16±0.01) and Ta(110) (α₁₁₀=0.150±0.015). The …

Time Dependent Response Of Equatorial Ionospheric Electric Fieldsto Magnetospheric Disturbances, Bela G. Fejer, L. Scherliess

Bela G. Fejer

We use extensive radar measurements of F region vertical plasma drifts and auroral electrojet indices to determine the storm time dependence of equatorial zonal electric fields. These disturbance drifts result from the prompt penetration of high latitude electric fields and from the dynamo action of storm time winds which produce largest perturbations a few hours after the onset of magnetic activity. The signatures of the equatorial disturbance electric fields change significantly depending on the relative contributions of these two components. The prompt electric field responses, with lifetimes of about one hour, are in excellent agreement with results from global convection …

Federal Commodity Programs And Returns To Irrigation In The West, Marcel P. Aillery, Economic Research Service, Natural Resources And Environment Division

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

This report examines the impact of Federal commodity programs on returns to irrigation in the western United States. Returns to irrigation are defined as average returns to land, management, fixed capital, and water (above variable water cost), net of returns to dryland crop alternatives. Commodity market returns and program revenues per unit of applied irrigation water are estimated by field crop and subregion. Two representative study years - 1984 and 1987 - highlight the effect of differing commodity prices and program support levels under extreme market conditions. Aggregate returns to irrigation in western field-crop production were fairly constant over the …

Proceedings Of The 1995 Annual Symposium On Engineering Geology And Geotechnical Engineering (No. 31), Joseph A. Caliendo

Reports

No abstract provided.

Mass Distribution On Clusters At The Percolation Threshold, M. F. Gyure, M. V. Ferer, Boyd F. Edwards, G. Huber

All Physics Faculty Publications

Monte Carlo simulations and a scaling hypothesis are used to study the distribution of blob masses on two-dimensional finite-mass clusters at the percolation threshold. The exponents associated with this distribution function are a combination of backbone and percolation exponents. This work offers insights into the structure and fragmentation properties of percolation clusters in particular, and provides methods applicable to other fractal distribution problems in general.